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Wireworms are an increasing threat to the sustainable production of cereal, potato and other crops in Montana since the delisting of lindane, an effective and inexpensive insecticidal seed treatment. With this study, we have initiated long term research to investigate the diversity of wireworm species infesting Montana's cropland. Canister-type bait traps were mailed to collaborating producers who buried them in established cereal fields for 10–14 days, and then returned them to Montana State University where the wireworms were identified to species. A total of 61 cereal fields in 12 counties were surveyed during 2011; 67 fields in 24 counties during 2012; and 66 fields in 16 counties during 2013. Wireworms were caught in 36.8% (46/125) of cereal fields with no prior known history of wireworms, averaging 0.5 larvae per trap. Wireworms were caught in 62.7% (37/59) of fields with a reported history of wireworms, averaging 4.1 larvae per trap. The prairie grain wireworm, Selatosomus aeripennis (Kirby, 1837), was thought to be the most common species in the region. However, Limonius californicus (Mannerheim, 1843), L. infuscatus Motschulsky, 1859, Hypnoidus bicolor (Eschscholtz, 1829) and Aeolus mellillus (Saylor, 1836) were identified as the most common species in this study. Additionally, 2–3 different species often infested the same field.
Two new species of Triozocera Pierce, 1909 are described from Southeast Asia. Triozocera magnipalpus n. sp. is from Thailand and T. gilloglyi n. sp. is from Vietnam. A key is provided to differentiate the four known species from this region. Additionally, useful characters for identifying Triozocera species are discussed.
One new species of Phasiinae (Diptera, Tachinidae) from Sichuan and Ningxia, China is described and illustrated Zambesomima flavasp. nov. A morphological diagnosis of the genus ZambesomimaMesnil, 1967 and a key to species are provided.
Information about the geographical distribution of Leucotmemis pardalimacula is updated after reviewing data gathered from its description in 1927 to 2010. This species is known to live in the mountainous zones of Western Mexico and its distribution spreads south down to the Chinandega volcanic zone in Nicaragua. Based on previously developed methods, the vulnerability of this moth wasp is evaluated herein. The species could be categorized as “threatened” according to the Mexican Conservation Norm NOM-059, allowing us to propose the taxon to be included under the Official Mexican Norm of Protection.
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