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Twenty-eight species of Pselaphinae have been collected at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest: Sonoma cascadia Chandler, Sonoma conifera Chandler, Sonoma hespera Park and Wagner, Sonoma margemina Park and Wagner, Sonoma olycalida Park and Wagner, Sonoma parviceps (Mäklin), Mayetia smithi (Schuster), Oropus cavicauda Casey, Oropus micropthalmus Chandler, Oropus striatus (LeConte), Euboarhexius sinus Grigarick and Schuster, Trisignis marshi Park and Schuster, Abdiunguis fenderi Park and Wagner, Oropodes dybasi Grigarick and Schuster, Euplecterga norstelcha Grigarick and Schuster, Euplectus silvicolus Chandler, Actium barri Park and Wagner, Actium microphthalmum Park and Wagner, Actium retractum Casey, Cupila excavata Park and Wagner, Batrisodes albionicus (Aubé), Reichenbachia fusticornis Casey, Lucifotychus cognatus (LeConte), Lucifotychus dentatus (Grigarick and Schuster), Lucifotychus impellus Park and Wagner, Lucifotychus stellatus (Grigarick and Schuster), Pselaptrichus intimus Schuster and Marsh, and Pselaptrichus rothi Park. Twelve other species known from the Cascade Mountains of Oregon are included in a key to the species of this area. Species richness and abundance are discussed for the sixteen species taken during a two-year study of a series of sites representing different ages in a forest succession and plant associations/habitats. For drier sites species richness and abundance increase with the age of the forest; for moderately wet sites species richness is slightly higher for the youngest sites; and for the wettest sites species richness remains similar while abundance increases sharply after the herb stage and is similar for the older successional stages. Two species, O. micropthalmus and A. microphthalmum, both with small eyes, are most abundant in the tree and old-growth stages, and A. microphthalmum is clearly most abundant in old-growth forests. The species characteristic of old-growth or early successional stages are noted, as well as those typical of high or low elevations in the Cascade Mountains.
The occurrence of Crepidophorus mutilatus (Rosenhauer, 1847) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), a saproxylic beetle of old-growth forests in the Palearctic region, is confirmed for Italy. The species has a discontinuous and localized distribution in central and northern Europe and Siberia, with isolated populations in the Iberian and Balkan peninsulas, and is included in the risk categories of the Italian Red List for saproxylic beetles. Crepidophorus mutilatus was found in the Matese Mountains, central-southern Apennines, during July 2018 while surveying the beetle fauna in a beech woodland at about 1,719 m elevation as part of the LIFE project “AForClimate”. This extends its known distribution into southern Europe and further confirms the important biogeographical role of this mountainous territory, recently designated a national park. We discuss distribution and conservation issues and provide recommended conservation measures that may be useful for protecting many other saproxylic beetles (e.g., safeguarding of large trees with cavities).
The Onthophagus cyanellus species complex now includes two species. In addition to the nominotypical species, Onthophagus sancristobalensis Moctezuma and Halffter, new species is described from Chiapas, Mexico. A key to the two species and three closely related species is provided.
The first natural history data are reported for the tortoise beetle Stolas redtenbacheri (Boheman, 1850) (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Mesomphaliini). A species of Mikania Willd. (Asteraceae) is recorded as the host plant. Eggs are aggregated into loose clusters, with each egg sessile (no stalk) on the leaf or petiole substrate. Larvae and adults eat the leaves. All instars retain an exuvio-fecal shield and are gregarious. Pupae are solitary and retain the fifth instar's exuviae. Behavioral and morphological traits reported in this work are compared across the documented species of Stolas Billberg, 1820 to identify gaps of information and how phylogenetic character hypotheses may be refined.
Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a well-known aphid predator in its native Asian habitat. Currently, H. axyridis are predominantly released for aphid control in China; however, light traps and colored sticky cards also were widely used to control aphid pests, which results in population reduction of H. axyridis. This study used 15 monochromatic and whole-spectrum lights to investigate whether H. axyridis has a particular light intensity and spectral preference. Positive phototaxis was found in both H. axyridis adults and larvae to a broad specturm of light. The phototactic responses of adult H. axyridis showed significant similarity to that of larvae. Female H. axyridis had four sensitivity maxima at 414, 492, 504, and 568 nm, male H. axyridis had four maxima of sensitivity at 380, 492, 504, and 549 nm, and H. axyridis larvae also had four maxima of sensitivity at 414, 504, 549, and 568 nm. The phototactic responses of H. axyridis to various monochromatic lights did not significantly differ between sexes. The larval response to a broad spectrum of light was significantly less than that of adults. Furthermore, H. axyridis adults of both sexes showed an increased phototactic response at low intensities and a decreased response at high intensities for both blue light and green light. Moreover, the phototactic response of both female and male H. axyridis was strongest at 10 lux. The males of H. axyridis are more sensitive to light intensity than females; however, the H. axyridis light intensity experiments between sexes showed no significant differences. These behavioral differences could be exploited for the development of selected colored light traps used for insect pest management.
In the present work, new faunal reports for northeastern Italy and Slovenia are provided: Stomis philospelaeusMonzini, 2018 (Carabidae) is recorded in a new locality; Anthaxia senicula (Schrank, 1789) (Buprestidae) and Hoshihananomia gacognei (Mulsant, 1852) (Mordellidae) are recorded in the Veneto region for the first time. Acallocrates colonnelliiBahr, 2003 (Curculionidae) is newly recorded from Italy while Sphaerosoma pilosum (Panzer, 1793) (Alexiidae) and Mordellistena michalki Ermisch, 1956 (Mordellidae) are new additions to the Slovenian fauna. Furthermore, new or additional data on the exotic Cis chinensis Lawrence, 1991 (Ciidae), Chydarteres striatus (Fabricius, 1787), Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Neoplocaederus viridescens (Atkinson, 1953) (Cerambycidae) and Telephanus atricapillus Erichson, 1846 (Silvanidae) are given.
Acanthotomicus diaboliculus Cognato and Smith, new species and Acanthotomicus enzoi Cognato and Smith, new species are described from Yunnan, China and central Thailand. The pattern of elytral declivital spines distinguishes these species from each other and from Acanthotomicus spinosus (Blandford). These new species increase the described diversity to six and five species for China and Thailand, respectively. It is likely that the species diversity is higher for this region.
For the last few decades, the genus Pentodon Hope, 1837 has been considered to be relatively well studied. However, research reports published in recent years, based on complex morphological analysis of adults, showed that this notion requires revision. After careful observation of morphological traits including the structure of male copulatory organs, African species of the genus Pentodon have been reevaluated. Seven taxa in this genus have been recorded so far from Africa, although the presence of two of them—Pentodon bidens punctatus (Villers, 1789) and Pentodon bidens sulcifronsKüster, 1848—needs to be confirmed with new data. The presence of the five remaining taxa has been documented in a credible manner and does not raise any doubts. Based on a diagnostic set of morphological traits and divergent structure of male copulatory organs, Pentodon algerinus nubicus, new subspecies, was identified from North Sudan. It occupies the southeasternmost portion of the distribution of the species. The following report provides morphological descriptions of adults of all African taxa in addition to depicting the male genitalia. An identification key for the species and subspecies and a distributional checklist are also presented.
Spintherophyta punctum Gilbert and Clark, new species, is described from Santa Rosa Island, an island of the Channel Islands in California, USA. Adults have been associated with willow (Salix L., Salicaceae). Illustrations of the adult, including the aedeagus, are provided. A diagnostic key is provided to facilitate identification of species of Spintherophyta from the USA.
Carpiradialis Niño-Maldonado and Clark, new genus, is described from Mexico. Two new species are described and illustrated: Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado and Clark, new species, from the Mexican state of Puebla and Carpiradialis tamaulipensis Niño-Maldonado and Clark, new species, from the Mexican states of Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo Le′ on, Puebla, and Tamaulipas. The type species of the genus is designated as C. pueblensis. A diagnostic key is provided to aid with identification of the two species.
Determining the sex of adult coccinellids can be difficult, as no single external trait exists across the clade to differentiate males and females. Many species can only be sexed based on dissection or behavioral observation, but even the latter can be inaccurate, as same-sex mounting has been observed. Cheilomenes sulphurea (Olivier) is an economically important natural enemy of crop pests in Sub-Saharan Africa, but no trait has been conclusively shown to easily identify their sex in the field. It is crucial for studies involving live beetles that researchers are able to visually separate males and females without killing or overhandling the animals. This paper describes a pronotal pattern that can be used for rapid and easy identification of C. sulphurea males and females.
Histerid beetle (Histeridae) phenology and habitat associations were inferred from specimens collected in pitfall traps on a grassland dune field near Empress, Alberta, Canada, during 3 May to 27 August 1984. Four vegetation associations were identified by cluster analysis (Scurf Pea, Open Sand, Stabilized Dune, and Sand Flat) and 516 histerid beetles, representing 11 species, were collected in these zones, with an additional three species collected without microhabitat data. Beetles were most strongly associated with the Scurf Pea vegetation type, and less than 50% ground cover. The two most abundant species, Hypocaccus iris (Fall) and Hypocaccus seminitens (J. L. LeConte), were most active during June and early July, consistent with the proposition that all species in this assemblage overwinter as long-lived adults.
Gastrisus modestus (Bernhauer) (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini) is transferred to the genus Dysanellus Bernhauer as Dysanellus modestus, new combination. An updated diagnosis and key to the species are provided for Dysanellus along with a habitus image and a redescription of D. modestus.
A new species of Cantharis Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Cantharidae: Cantharini) is described, diagnosed, and illustrated from a national park site, Turkey Run Park, in Virginia, USA and compared to similar species in the genus. Cantharis (Cantharis) sheraldi Steury, new species was collected in a Malaise trap set in a meadow-like, powerline right-of-way bordered on both sides by eastern deciduous forest.
Fifty-three beetle species within 13 families are reported as new state records for Tennessee or Georgia, USA. Most specimens were collected at two localities, the Tennessee River Gorge Land Trust (Marion Co., Tennessee) or the Lula Lake Land Trust (Walker Co., Georgia). Specimens were collected during May 2015–2016 using various techniques, including Malaise, flight intercept, pitfall, and Lindgren funnel traps, as well as sifting leaf litter. All specimens and records come from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Insect collection (UTCI).
Novopelmus, new genus, is described and Novopelmus insularis (Grouvelle, 1896), new combination, is proposed for Pelonomus insularisGrouvelle, 1896. An updated key to the adults of the Neotropical genera of aquatic and semiaquatic Dryopidae is presented. Three different groups of dryopid genera, as evidenced by adult morphology, ecology and behavior, are discussed.
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