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The beech flea weevil, Orchestes fagi (L.) (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Rhamphini), is recorded for the first time in North America as established in the vicinities of Halifax, Chester, and Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada in association with the American beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. A detailed listing of locality information for the species in Nova Scotia is given, along with a summary of the species' biology in Europe. No details are yet available for the species' biology in North America. Also included are a checklist of North American Rhamphini and a key to the now seven species of Orchestes Illiger known from North America.
Lipancylus copelatus Prena, new species, is described from Arizona and Texas (type locality Davis Mountains Resort, TX) and Lipancylus cracens Prena, new species, from Texas and Mexico (type locality Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park, TX). They have been confused in the past with Lipancylus parallelus (Champion) (formerly Strongylotes Schönherr), a species present in Mexico and Honduras but not in the United States. Collecting records of L. copelatus and several undescribed species indicate that the larval development takes place in grasses.
Although the larvae of a large number of North American tiger beetle species have been described, little information exists on the oviposition behavior of female tiger beetles at the species level. In this study, we found that the oviposition behavior varied widely among species, with some species utilizing more than one method. We found that, contrary to many references, several tiger beetle species did not oviposit from above the soil surface by inserting the ovipositor into the soil. Instead, several species oviposited by tunneling over 20 mm below the soil surface. In addition, we outline recently used successful protocols for rearing larvae rapidly and in large quantities.
A faunal work on the scarabaeoid beetles from the municipality of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico is presented. A list of 176 native species includes 70 genera, 10 subfamilies, and four families occurring in this region. Another list of species erroneously or doubtfully cited from this municipality is also included. The subfamilies with the highest numbers of species are Melolonthinae (38 species), Dynastinae (31 species), Rutelinae (28 species), and Scarabaeinae (27 species). According to overall geographical distribution, the native species from Xalapa are classified into six groups: endemic to Veracruz (8 species), endemic to Mexico (37 species), Central American (74 species), Latin American (35 species), North American (11 species), and New World (11 species). The scarabaeoid beetle species of Xalapa represent 36% of the superfamily's fauna in Veracruz. The high species richness of Xalapa is considered to be a result of its environmental heterogeneity, which ranges from lowlands with tropical forest to mid-elevation areas with cloud forest. The inventory of species of this municipality is considered incomplete due to a lack of collecting efforts within lowland areas. Rapid expansion of urban areas is threatening the existence of scarabaeoid beetles across the region.
Sternidius alpha (Say) was previously recognized as having several subspecies that were subsequently synonymized. We examined two variants of S. alpha that seem to be morphologically similar except for their color. Specimens of S. alpha collected in Indiana show two different common color patterns depending on the locality. DNA was extracted from 14 individuals. Phylogenetic analysis using a 648 bp partial sequence from the barcoding region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene revealed three different clades.
The checkered beetle, Phyllobaenus corticinus (Gorham), previously known only from Mexico and Guatemala, is recorded as a new country record for the United States, based on specimens from Cameron County, Texas. An updated distribution is presented based on new specimens examined, including new state/department records for Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Tamaulipas and Veracruz) and Guatemala (Péten). The first natural history observations for the species are provided. A lectotype is designated, four paralectotypes are recognized, and the generic assignment of the species is discussed.
The hairy rove beetle, Creophilus maxillosus (L.) (Staphylinidae), is a common fly predator associated with decomposing cadavers and carcasses. Developmental studies were conducted at constant temperatures of 16, 24, and 32°C, 50% relative humidity, and 12:12 h L:D photoperiod. Laboratory-collected eggs were reared in a Caron Products® Insect Growth Chamber. All insects were housed in separate cups and fed frozen secondary screwworm larvae, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.) (Calliphoridae). Beetles from 1,889 eggs were studied (n = 323 at 16°C; n = 504 at 24°C; and n = 1,062 at 32°C). Mean developmental times for all life stages decreased as temperature increased. Mean total developmental times for C. maxillosus at 16, 24, and 32°C were 1,523.3, 857.8, and 571.3 hours, respectively. Developmental times were significantly different for temperature, life stage, and temperature × life stage interactions. All Tukey-Kramer pairwise comparison tests for developmental times per temperature were significant, while all life stage comparisons were significantly different except for the egg and second instar. Tukey-Kramer pairwise comparison tests for developmental time for all temperature × life stage interactions are discussed. All stages reared at 16 and 32°C showed increased mortality, with the highest mortality in the third instar and pupal stages (>60 and 90%, respectively). Attainment of adulthood was extremely low for 16 and 32°C (0.01 and 0.008%, respectively), whereas 47% of eggs at 24°C reached adulthood. Developmental times established at 24°C may potentially contribute to future postmortem estimations of deceased humans and wildlife based on accumulated degree days.
The species Hydrotrupes palpalis Sharp is redescribed and its classification, natural history, and distribution reviewed. The species is compared with the only other species in the genus, Hydrotrupes chinensis Nilsson, from China. Hygropetric beetles are briefly discussed.
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