A species of Lecanora in the L. dispersa group, with a well-developed pale thallus and a heavily pruinose apothecia, resembling superficially among others L. poeltiana, is found on shaded vertical calcareous cliff faces and is described here as Lecanora carlottiana sp. nov. The species is recorded mainly on northern portions of the Niagara Escarpment, as well as from other calcareous rock cliffs on Manitoulin Island, and Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada.

Anzia rhabdorhiza Li S. Wang & M. M. Liang is found to be a species new to science from Hengduan Mountains in southwest China. It is characterized by long and thick rhizines covered with spongiostratum, a central chondroid band in the medulla, and production of atranorin and divaricatic acid. The new species belongs to the Sect. Nervosae of Anzia.

Macromitrium tosae Besch. and M. cavaleriei Cardot & Thér. are two taxa that are poorly discriminated from one another, and M. melanostomum Paris & Broth., M. courtoisii Broth. & Paris, M. cylindrothecium Nog. and M. chungkingense P. C. Chen are four little known species. Cluster and Principle Component Analyses were applied to evaluate the morphological distinctiveness of these species based on 27 character indices of leaf morphology from ten type specimens and 17 other specimens. Macromitrium cylindrothecium, M. chungkingense, M. courtoisi and M. melanostomum are not unambiguously distinct from M. tosae and should therefore be considered conspecific. Macromitrium tosae, a common species in China, differs, however, from M. cavaleriei by shorter, lingulate, apiculate branch leaves with obtuse apices and distinctly pluri–papillose laminal cells, and its inner perichaetial leaves with acuminate or short acuminate apices.

Stictis palniense is described as new to science from sub-tropical region of Western Ghats in southern India. The species is characterized by non-lichenized hyphal felt lacking chemical compounds, carbonized excipulum, and filiform, rather small, 90–107 × 2.0–3.0 µm, I– ascospores.

A new moss species, Didymodon lainzii J. A. Jiménez & M. J. Cano, is described and illustrated from south-western Ecuador and north-western Peru. It is characterized mainly by its linear-lanceolate to oblong-triangular and incurved leaves when dry, plane and bistratose margins above midleaf, the yellowish color in KOH, a hyaline area of rectangular cells on ventral surface of the costa, transverse section of the costa with 2–4 layers of guide cells and without ventral stereids. Its distinction from, and relationships with, some closely related species within the genus are discussed.

The taxonomic diversity of the genus Ulota in Asia is revised. Eighteen species (including two new species and two new records) are recognized in the region: U. crispa, U. curvifolia, U. delicata, U. drummondii, U. eurystoma, U. gigantospora, U. gymnostoma, U. japonica, U. latisegmenta, U. morrisonensis, U. perbreviseta, U. phyllantha, U. rehmannii, U. reptans, U. robusta, U. splendida, U. yakushimensis and U. yunnanensis. Ulota delicata and U. latisegmenta are new to science, U. rehmannii and U. yakushimensis are reported here for first time from China, and U. eurystoma and U. reptans are deleted from the Chinese flora. Ulota delicata, U. eurystoma, U. gigantospora, U. gymnostoma, U. latisegmenta, U. morrisonensis, U. reptans and U. yunnanensis are endemic to the area, while the remaining taxa are more widespread. Ulota hattorii is considered a synonym of U. splendida, and the occurrence of U. hutchinsiae and U. schmidii are still questionable because the type specimens are not located or too fragmental and the specimens upon which the former is reported from Asia are not available. Most species are common as epiphytes on trees, some occur also or exclusively on rocks. Observations from SEM-studies of peristomes and spores of U. crispa, U. curvifolia, U. delicata, U. drummondii, U. eurystoma, U. latisegmenta, U. morrisonensis, U. robusta, U. splendida and U. yakushimensis are presented.

A new species of Taxithelium with a very narrow distribution is found in Brazil in the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, in the highly threatened Atlantic rainforest. The new species belongs in subgenus Vernieri and can be recognized by its small size and unipapillose perichaetial leaves, among other features.