A checklist of louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and their avian hosts from the Americas

Gustavo Graciolli; Rudi Ricardo Laps

doi:10.18476/2024.995170

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31 December 2024 A checklist of louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and their avian hosts from the Americas

Gustavo Graciolli, Rudi Ricardo Laps

Author Affiliations +

Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History, 7(2):103-153 (2024). https://doi.org/10.18476/2024.995170

Abstract

Based on the published literature, we have compiled a checklist of the parasite-host associations of American hippoboscid flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and their avian hosts (Aves). The checklist is divided into three parts. The first is a detailed geographic checklist of all New World species of hippoboscids, their known hosts, and the countries and other territories from which they are known. The second is organized by host species/subspecies and lists all known hippoboscids associated with them, identified to species or genus. The third lists all recorded hippoboscid species by country and territory in the Americas. In total, 43 species of Hippoboscidae are listed, associated with 26 orders, 73 families, 310 genera, and 757 species/subspecies of birds from 41 countries and territories.

Auf der Grundlage veröffentlichter Literatur wird eine Checkliste der Parasit-Wirt-Beziehungen der amerikanischen Lausfliegen (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) und ihrer Vogelwirte (Aves) zusammengestellt. Die Checkliste ist in drei Teile gegliedert. Der erste Teil stellt eine detaillierte geografische Checkliste aller Lausfliegen-Arten der Neuen Welt, ihrer bekannten Wirte sowie der Länder und anderen Gebiete dar, aus denen sie bekannt sind. Der zweite Teil ist nach Wirtsarten/-unterarten geordnet und listet alle bekannten Lausfliegen, identifiziert bis zur Art oder Gattung auf, die mit ihnen vergesellschaftet sind. Der dritte Teil listet alle erfassten Lausfliegen nach Ländern und Gebieten in Amerika auf. Insgesamt werden 43 Arten von Lausfliegen aufgelistet, die mit 26 Ordnungen, 73 Familien, 310 Gattungen und 757 Arten/Unterarten an Vögeln aus 41 Ländern und Gebieten assoziiert sind.

Introduction

Flies of the family Hippoboscidae are commonly known as louse flies and are blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals and birds (Maa & Peterson 1987). In general, avian hippoboscids show low specificity, which means that one hippoboscid species can be found parasitizing several species of bird belonging to various families and orders (Bequaert 1957; Maa 1969d). There are 43 species of hippoboscids known to parasitize birds in the Americas (Maa 1969c; Maa & Peterson 1987; Levesquebeaudin & Sinclair 2021).

Between 1952 and 1957, Bequaert (1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957) published a large monograph on American louse flies, divided into five parts. Together, these constituted the most complete collection of geographic and host information on American species of Hippoboscidae. Bequaert consulted all available literature on American hippoboscids, and for each louse fly species, he included a list of host species and known country records. Later, Maa (1969a, 1969b, 1969c, 1969d) contributed additional hippoboscid taxonomic checklists, in particular for the genus Icosta Speiser.

However, since Bequaert's and Maa's papers, a great number of geographic and host association records have been published. Because of that, it has become increasingly difficult or time-consuming to answer simple questions about the geographic distributions and host associations of avian hippoboscids in the Americas, which would help understand the association patterns between louse flies and the birds they parasitize. Questions such as: How many orders, families, genera, and species of birds are hosts for each species of louse fly? How many species of louse flies occur in each country? How many host species in each country are parasitized by just a single louse fly species? Furthermore, numerous nomenclatural changes in the avian host species have confused the previously published association data.

Here, we present a checklist, divided into three parts, summarizing the patterns of geographical distribution and association with their bird hosts of the Hippoboscidae so far known from the Americas.

Methodology

The starting point for our checklist was Bequaert's (1952–1957) monograph. We then searched the literature and summarized all records published from Bequaert's monograph to May 2024. We included only records from books with an ISBN and journals with an ISSN.

The search for articles and books/book chapters was carried out in the following databases: Biodiversity Heritage Library, Google Scholar, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science^TM. The key words used in all searches were a combination of “Hippoboscidae” and of each genus name in the family known from the Americas.

Each part of the checklist is presented in alphabetical order: the first by hippoboscid genus and species; the second by host order, family, and species; the third by country or territory. For each species of louse fly listed in the first part, a summary of its distribution (by country/territory) and of its hosts (species, genera, families, and orders) is presented, together with the bibliographic references and page of first citation of the species within each work.

The nomenclature and classification of the Hippoboscidae follow Maa (1969d). For the classification and distribution of host bird species, we followed Del Hoyo et al. (2018) and Billerman et al. (2021). In some cases, it was not possible to determine the host species or subspecies. When the host was referred to under a common name and we could not connect that name to the scientific name, we provide the common name in the original language of the record. “Unknown host” or, e.g., “unknown hawk” refer to records for which the identity of the avian host was unknown or only imprecisely known. “No host” refers to louse flies collected by other means, e.g., in insect traps (some louse flies have a good ability to fly), and not in association with a host.

Results and discussion

We found 757 species/subspecies, 310 genera, 73 families, and 26 orders of birds parasitized by at least one species of hippoboscid fly. For hippoboscid species, the number of host associations increased as a result of this review, due in part to new records and in part to changes in host taxonomy. For Crataerina seguyi Falcoz, Icosta (Ardmoeca) holoptera holoptera (Lutz, Neiva & Costa Lima), I. (Ornithopomus) plaumanni (Bequaert), Olfersia coriacea van der Wulp, Ornithoctona nitens Bigot, O. orizabae Bequaert, O. oxycera Falcoz, Ornithomya hoffmannae Bequaert, and Pseudolynchia brunnea (Latreille), there have been no new host or geographic records since Bequaert's monograph.

Maa (1969c) described Ornithomyia bequaerti Maa. Host records for this species prior to its description were attributed to O. anchineuria Speiser. Therefore, host records for these two species require verification (see Maa 1969d: 269). Recently, Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair (2021) showed that some species of Ornithomya Latreille have a Holarctic distribution; these include O. anchineuria, O. avicularia (Linnaeus), and O. bequaerti. They demonstrated, using molecular and morphological data, that specimens previously identified as O. anchineuria from Canada by Goater et al. (2018) and as “Ornithomya B” from Russia by Meissner et al. (2020) belong to O. bequaerti. Besides, they recorded O. avicularia, a species previously known only from the Palearctic, from Canada and the Nearctic for the first time. Consequent to these findings, the published host associations for Nearctic species of Ornithomya need to be revised, almost on a record-by-record basis, and we strongly recommend a thorough review of previous identifications of specimens deposited in scientific collections. These are not the only cases of widespread distribution of hippoboscid flies across continents. Because their host species are seabirds, species of Olfersia Leach have been recorded in other bio-geographic regions besides the Americas. Maa (1969d) cited the occurrence of Olfersia fossulata Macquart in the Philippines and Indonesia, of O. fumipennis (Sahlberg) in Finland, Russia, the Canary Islands, South Africa, the Red Sea, and Indonesia, and of O. aenescens Thomson and O. spinifera (Leach) in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans.

Part 1: Hippoboscidae, their distribution, and hosts

Crataerina von Olfer
Crataerina seguyi Falcoz

Distribution. Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela.

Hosts (1 order, 1 family, 3 genera, 3 species/subspecies). Alopochelidon fucata (Temminck) (Bequaert 1954: 157; Argentina); Orochelidon murina murina (Cassin) (Bequaert 1954: 157; Colombia, Peru); Pygochelidon cyanoleuca patagonica (Orbigny & Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1954: 157; Argentina, Chile); Hirundinidae nest (Bequaert 1954: 157; Venezuela); house bird's nest (indet.) (Bequaert 1954: 157; Colombia).

Icosta Speiser
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis (Say)

Distribution. Argentina, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador (Galápagos Islands), Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (10 orders, 15 families, 32 genera and 52 species/ subspecies). Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1955: 335; USA); Amazonetta brasiliensis ipecutiri (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 336; Brazil); Anas crecca carolinensis J. F. Gmelin (Bequaert 1955: 333; Canada); Aramus guarauna pictus (F. A. A. Meyer) (Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Cuba); Ardea alba egretta (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 333, 334, 336; Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Brazil, Cuba, Jamaica, USA); Ardea cocoi Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 336; Brazil); Ardea herodias cognata Bangs (Bequaert 1955: 337; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)); Ardea herodias herodias Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 333, 335, 336; Jamaica, USA); Ardea herodias occidentalis Audubon (Bequaert 1955: 333, 336; Honduras; USA); Ardea herodias wardi Ridgway (Bequaert 1955: 336; Mexico); Asio clamator clamator (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 336; Brazil); Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett) (Bequaert 1952: 156, 157; 1955: 332, 334, 335, 336; 1957: 578; Canada, Mexico, USA); Bubulcus ibis ibis (Linnaeus) (Funderburgh et al. 1969[1968]: 141; Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Resh & Whittaker 1973: 233; Cuba, Puerto Rico, USA); Butorides striata sundevalli (Reichenow) (Bequaert 1955: 337; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)); Butorides virescens bahamensis (Brewster) (Bequaert 1955: 336; Bahamas); Butorides virescens virescens (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 333, 334, 335, 336; Wilson 1964: 129; Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Cuba, Jamaica, USA); Cochlearius cochlearius cochlearius (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 337; Brazil); Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis Griscom (Bequaert 1955: 336; Panama); Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 333, 334, 335; Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Cuba, USA); Egretta rufescens rufescens (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 335; Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Conti et al. 1986: 82; Cuba, USA); Egretta thula thula (Molina) (Bequaert 1955: 335, 336; Maa 1969b: 142; Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Jamaica, USA); Egretta tricolor ruficollis Gosse (Bequaert 1955: 333, 335; Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Cuba, USA); Eudocimus albus albus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 336; Cuba); Eurypyga helias helias (Pallas) (Bequaert 1955: 337; Brazil); Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 335; USA); Gallinula galeata cachinnans Bangs (Bequaert 1955: 334; USA); Ixobrychus exilis exilis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 332, 334, 335; Canada, USA); Jabiru mycteria (M. H. C. Lichtenstein) (Bequaert 1957: 578; Belize); Leucophaeus fuliginosus (Gould) (Bequaert 1955: 337; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)); Mesembrinibis cayennensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 336; Brazil); Mycteria americana Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 335, 336; Mexico, USA); Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti Huey (Bequaert 1957: 578; Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Cuba); Nyctanassa violacea pauper P. L. Sclater & Salvin (Bequaert 1955: 337; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)); Nyctanassa violacea violacea (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 334, 335, 336; Jamaica, USA); Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 333, 334, 335; USA); Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 334; USA); Piranga rubra rubra (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 335; USA); Platalea ajaja Linnaeus (Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Cuba); Porphyrio martinica (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 333; USA); Porzana carolina (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 333; USA); Syrigma sibilatrix sibilatrix (Temminck) (Bequaert 1955: 337; Argentina); Theristicus caudatus caudatus (Boddaert) (Bequaert 1955: 336; Guyana); Tigrisoma lineatum marmoratum (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 336; 1957: 578; Argentina, Brazil); Tringa melanoleuca (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 333; USA); Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1955: 335; USA); Heron (Maa 1962: 599; Cuba); “Socó” (Gracioli & Carvalho 2003: 672; Brazil); Unknown Hawk (Mueller et al. 1969: 195; USA); Unknown host (Bequaert 1952: 157; USA); No host (Bequaert 1955: 336, 337; Cuba, Paraguay; Puerto Rico, Venezuela).

Icosta (Ardmoeca) holoptera (Lutz et al.)

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, United States of America.

Hosts (2 orders, 2 families, 3 genera and 3 species/ subspecies). Coturnicops noveboracensis noveboracensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 355; USA); Rallus limicola limicola Vieillot (Bequaert 1955: 355; USA); Thamnophilus unicolor grandior Hellmayr (Bequaert 1957: 578; Colombia); No host (Bequaert 1955: 355; Brazil).

Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana (Leach)

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, French Guiana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (9 orders, 16 families, 36 genera and 84 species/ subspecies). Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1955: 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Farajollahi et al. 2005: 475; Reeves 2005: 263; Mccabe et al. 2020: 4; Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171; Canada, USA); Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1955: 277, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 289, 290; 1957: 577; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Davis 1998: 87; Mccabe et al. 2020: 4; Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171; Canada, USA); Aegolius acadicus acadicus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 289; Catling 1971: 127; Davis 1998: 87; Taft & Kerstner 2000: 755; Canada, USA); Aquila chrysaetos canadensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 284, 288, 289; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Ardea alba egretta (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 288; USA); Asio clamator clamator (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 291; Barino et al. 2021: 3; Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Asio flammeus suinda (Vieillot) (Maa 1969b: 53; Brazil); Asio otus wilsonianus (Lesson) (Bequaert 1955: 194, 277, 280, 283, 285, 288; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Asio stygius stygius (Wagler) (MOREIRA et al. 2019: 332, Brazil); Athene cunicularia cunicularia (Molina) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Athene cunicularia grallaria (Temminck) (Bequaert 1955: 291; Barino et al. 2021: 3; Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Athene cunicularia hypugaea (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1955: 277, 279; USA); Bonasa umbellus togata (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 276, 277, 281; Wilson 1964: 129; Taft & Marcquenski 1987: 367; Canada, USA); Bonasa umbellus umbellus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 277, 279, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 288, 289, 290; USA); Bubo virginianus heterocnemis (Oberholser) (Wilson 1964: 129; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Bubo virginianus mesembrinus (Oberholser) (Bequaert 1955: 291; Panama); Bubo virginianus nacurutu (Vieillot, 1817) (Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Bubo virginianus pacificus (Cassin) (Bequaert 1955: 277, 279, 287, 290; Bolaños-García et al. 2018: 5; Mexico, USA); Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone (Bequaert 1955: 277, 279; Reeves 2022: 748; USA); Bubo virginianus saturatus Ridgway (Bequaert 1955: 287; USA); Bubo virginianus virginianus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 276, 277, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290; Reeves et al. 2004: 20; Farajollahi et al. 2005: 475; Nelder et al. 2009: 471; Canada; USA); Bubo virginianus ssp. (Bequaert 1955: 276, 290; Canada; USA); Buteo jamaicensis borealis (Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290; Wilson 1964: 129; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Farajollahi et al. 2005: 475; Nelder et al. 2009: 471; Mccabe et al. 2020: 4; Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171; Hahn et al. 2023: 35; Canada, USA); Buteo jamaicensis calurus Cassin (Bequaert 1955: 285; Reeves 2022: 748; USA); Buteo lagopus sanctijohannis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 283; USA); Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway (Bequaert 1955: 277; USA); Buteo lineatus lineatus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 289; Mueller et al. 1969: 194, Mccabe et al. 2020: 4; USA); Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 283, 284, 285, 288, 289; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Farajollahi et al. 2005: 475; Mccabe et al. 2020: 4; Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171; Canada, USA);

Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte (Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Calocitta formosa formosa (Swainson) (Bequaert 1955: 280; USA); Caracara plancus plancus (J. F. Miller) (Bequaert 1955: 291, Argentina); Ciccaba virgata borelliana (A. W. Bertoni) (Bequaert 1955: 291; Brazil); Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 282, 284, 288, 289; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171; Canada, USA); Coccothraustes vespertinus vespertinus (W. Cooper) (Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Colinus virginianus mexicanus (Linnaeus) (Wilson 1964: 129; USA); Colinus virginianus virginianus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 280, 281, 283, 284, 285, 288, 289, 290; USA); Coragyps atratus brasiliensis (Bonaparte) (Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm (Bequaert 1955: 281, 285, 289; Wilson 1964: 129; USA); Corvus ossifragus A. Wilson (Bequaert 1955: 281; USA); Dryocopus pileatus abieticola (Bangs) (Bequaert 1955: 281; USA); Falco columbarius columbarius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 284; Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171; Canada, USA); Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte (Bequaert 1955: 289; USA); Falco sparverius cinnamominus Swainson (Bequaert 1955: 291; Liébana et al. 2011: 337; Argentina, Bolívia); Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus (Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Glaucidium brasilianum brasilianum (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 291; 1957: 577; Brazil); Glaucidium brasilianum pallens Brodkorb (Bequaert 1955: 291; Bolivia); Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 280, 282, 284, Mccabe et al. 2020: 4; USA); Harpagus diodon (Temminck) (Bequaert 1955: 291; Brazil); Ictinia mississippiensis (Wilson) (Hahn et al. 2023: 35; USA); Megascops asio asio (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 280, 283, 285, 288, 289; Reeves et al. 2004: 20; USA); Megascops asio floridanus (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1955: 277, 280, 281; USA); Megascops asio maxwelliae (Ridgway) (Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Megascops asio mccallii (Cassin) (Bequaert 1955: 290; Mexico); Megascops asio naevius (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 277, 281, 284, 288, 289; Canada; USA); Megascops atricapilla (Temminck) (Graciolli & Bispo 2005: 182; Brazil); Megascops choliba choliba (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 291; Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Barino et al. 2021: 3; Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Megascops choliba cruciger (Spix) (Thomas 1977: 610; Venezuela); Megascops kennicottii bendirei (Brewster) (Bequaert 1955: 277, 279; USA); Megascops kennicottii kennicottii (Elliot) (Bequaert 1955: 287; USA); Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei Brewster (Bequaert 1955: 287, 290; USA); Megascops sanctaecatarinae (Salvin) (Graciolli & Bispo 2005: 182; Brazil); Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Vieillot (Bequaert 1955: 283, 285, 289, 290; Kellogg et al. 1969: 329; USA); Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 285; USA); Patagioenas cayennensis sylvestris (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 291; Argentina); Phasianus colchicus ssp. Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 282, 284, 288; USA); Pulsatrix perspicillata boliviana (L. Kelso) (Bequaert 1957: 577; Argentina); Pulsatrix perspicillata pulsatrix (Wied) (Bequaert 1955: 291; Brazil); Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 291; Brazil); Scolopax minor J. F. Gmelin (Sheldon et al. 1956: 13; USA); Sterna sp. (Bequaert 1955: 291; Brazil); Strix hylophyla Temminck (Bequaert 1955: 291; Brazil); Strix nebulosa nebulosa J. R. Foster (Bequaert 1955: 277, 279; USA); Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam) (Bequaert 1955: 277; Young et al. 1993: 279; USA); Strix occidentalis lucida (Nelson) (Bequaert 1955: 277; USA); Strix occidentalis occidentalis (Xánthus) (Hunter et al. 1994: 234; USA); Strix varia georgica Latham (Bequaert 1955: 280, 283, 289; USA); Strix varia varia Barton (Bequaert 1955: 276, 277, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 290; Wilson 1964: 129; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Canada, USA); Tyto alba contempta (E. J. O. Hartert) (Maa 1969b: 53; Peru); Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1955: 277, 279, 287; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Tyto alba tuidara (J. E. Gray) (Bequaert 1955: 291; Brazil); Uria lomvia lomvia (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 277; Canada); Zenaida macroura carolinensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 277; USA); Zenaida macroura macroura (Linnaeus) (García-Bacallao et al. 2020: 312; Cuba); Zonotrichia albicollis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 284; USA); Birds (Bequaert 1955: 277; USA); Chicken hawk (Bequaert 1955: 285; USA); Hawk (Bequaert 1955: 280, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 290; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Costa Rica; USA); Hen hawk (Bequaert 1955: 285; USA); Large owl (Bequaert 1955: 277; USA); Owl (Bequaert 1955: 277, 279, 280, 281, 283, 288, 289, 290; Honduras, USA); Several owl species (Gancz et al. 2004: 2138; Canada); No host (Bequaert 1955: 291; Maa 1962: 599; Wilson 1964: 129; Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, USA)

Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons (van der Wulp)

Distribution. Belize, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (10 orders, 12 families, 28 genera and 40 species/ subspecies). Accipiter bicolor bicolor (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 306, 307; Guatemala; Guyana); Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1955: 306; USA); Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1952: 157; 1955: 306; Canada, Mexico; USA); Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx (Berlepsch) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Paraguay); Bubo virginianus nacurutu (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Brazil); Busarellus nigricollis nigricollis (Latham) (Bequaert 1955: 306; Mexico); Buteo lineatus lineatus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 306; USA); Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 306; Wilson 1964: 129; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi (Gurney, Sr) (Bequaert 1955: 306; 1957: 577; Belize, Mexico); Buteogallus urubitinga urubitinga (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Maa 1969b: 55; Brazil, Suriname); Cathartes aura aura Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 306; Mexico); Ciccaba virgata centralis Griscom (Bequaert 1955: 306; 1957: 577; Belize, Mexico); Circus cinereus Vieillot (Bequaert 1957: 577; Brazil); Cyanocorax coeruleus (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Brazil); Elanus leucurus leucurus (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Brazil); Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955 Bequaert 1955: 307; Panama); Gallinago nobilis P. L. Sclater (Bequaert 1957: 577; Colombia); Glaucidium brasilianum brasilianum (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 308; 1957: 577; Brazil); Glaucidium brasilianum ridgwayi Sharpe (Bequaert 1955: 306; Belize); Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus (Latham) (Maa 1969b: 55; Suriname); Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1957: 577; Belize); Hylocichla mustelina (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 306; USA); Ictinia plumbea (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Brazil); Jacana jacana hypomelaena (G. R. Gray) (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Leptodon cayanensis cayanensis (Latham) (Bequaert 1955 Bequaert 1955: 306; Belize); Micrastur ruficollis guerilla Cassin (Bequaert 1955 Bequaert 1955: 306; Belize, Mexico); Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Brazil); Micrastur semitorquatus naso (Lesson, 1842) (Bequaert 1955: 307; Colombia); Milvago chimachima chimachima (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Brazil); Momotus coeruliceps (Gould) (Bequaert 1955: 306; Mexico); Pseudastur albicollis costaricensis (W. L. Sclater) (Bequaert 1955: 307; Panama); Pteroglossus aracari aracari (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Brazil); Pyroderus scutatus scutatus (Shaw) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Brazil); Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii Gould (Bequaert 1955: 307; Panama); Ramphastos dicolorus Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 308; Brazil); Ramphastos sulfuratus brevicarinatus Gould (Bequaert 1955: 307; Panama); Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus Lesson (Bequaert 1955: 306; 1957: 577; Guatemala; Nicaragua); Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 308; Brazil); Strix varia varia Barton (Bequaert 1955: 306; USA); Trogon sp. (Bequaert 1955: 306; Mexico); Hawk (Bequaert 1955: 306, 307; Guyana; USA); Owl (Bequaert 1955: 306; Guatemala); No host (Bequaert 1955: 307; Costa Rica, Venezuela).

Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta (Ferris)

Distribution. United States of America.

Hosts (2 orders, 5 families, 10 genera and 14 species/ subspecies). Aphelocoma coerulescens (Bosc) (Mcclure 1984: 231); Callipepla californica brunnescens (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1955: 350; Tarshis 1955: 467); Callipepla californica californica (Shaw) (Bequaert 1952: 158; Furman & Tarshis 1953: 70; Bequaert 1955: 350; Tarshis 1955: 467); Callipepla californica californica or C. californica brunnescens (Phillips & Fain 1991: 379); Callipepla gambelii gambelii (Gambel) (Bequaert 1955: 349); Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1955: 350; 1957: 578); Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1955: 350); Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii (Douglas) (Bequaert 1955: 350); Junco hyemalis thurberi Anthony (Bequaert 1955: 349); Melozone aberti dumeticola (van Rossem) (Bequaert 1955: 349); Melozone crissalis carolae (McGregor) (Bequaert 1955: 350); Melozone crissalis crissalis (Vigors) (Bequaert 1955: 350); Oreortyx pictus (Douglas) (Bequaert 1955: 350); Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus) (Mcclure 1984: 232); Toxostoma redivivum redivivum (Gambel) (Bequaert 1955: 350).

Icosta (Ornithoponus) latifacies (Bequaert)

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay.

Hosts (3 orders, 3 families, 3 genera and 4 species/subspecies). Baryphthengus ruficapillus (Vieillot) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Ciccaba virgata borelliana (A. W. Bertoni) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Piaya cayana macroura Gambel (Bequaert 1955: 305; Paraguay); Piaya cayana nigricrissa (Cabanis) (Bequaert 1957: 577; Colombia); No host (Bequaert 1955: 305; Brazil).

Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra (Perty)

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador (Galápagos Islands), Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (4 orders, 4 families, 15 genera and 34 species/subspecies). Accipiter bicolor pileatus (Temminck) (Bequaert 1952: 157; 1955: 320; Brazil); Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1955: 318; Mueller et al. 1969: 195; USA); Aquila chrysaetos canadensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 318; USA); Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone (Bequaert 1955: 318; USA); Buteo galapagoensis (Gould) (Bequaert 1955: 320; Madden & Harmon 1998: 187; Whiteman et al. 2006: 1222; Whiteman et al. 2007: 4761; Deem et al. 2012: 41; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)); Buteo jamaicensis borealis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1952: 157; 1955: 316, 318; Canada, USA); Buteo jamaicensis calurus Cassin (Bequaert 1952: 157; 1955: 318, 319; Reeves 2022: 749; Mexico, USA); Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Ridgway (Bequaert 1955: 319; Mexico); Buteo jamaicensis kriderii Hoopes (Phillips & Fain 1991: 380; USA); Buteo plagiatus (Schlegel) (Bequaert 1955: 318, 319; Honduras, Mexico, USA); Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot) (Mueller et al. 1969: 195; USA); Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte (Bequaert 1955: 318; USA); Buteo sp. (Bequaert 1955 Bequaert 1955: 319; Mexico); Buteogallus anthracinus anthracinus (W. Deppe) (Bequaert 1955: 319; Mexico, Panama); Buteogallus meridionalis (Latham) (Bequaert 1955: 320; Brazil); Caracara plancus cheriway (Jacquin) (Bequaert 1955: 319; Mexico); Caracara plancus plancus (J. F. Miller) (Bequaert 1955: 319; Brazil); Cathartes aura aura Linnaeus (Bequaert 1952: 157; 1955: 318, 319; Brazil, USA); Cathartes aura ruficollis Spix (Bequaert 1955: 319; Brazil); Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied (Bequaert 1955: 318; USA); Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 318; USA); Daptrius ater Vieillot (Bequaert 1955: 319; Venezuela); Falco columbarius columbarius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 319; Venezuela); Falco mexicanus Schlegel (Bequaert 1955: 319; Mexico); Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte (Bequaert 1955: 318; Canada); Falco sparverius cearae (Cory) (Bequaert 1955: 319; Brazil); Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 316, 318; Mueller et al. 1969: 195; Canada, USA); Gampsonyx swainsonii swainsonii Vigors (Bequaert 1955: 319; Brazil); Geranospiza caerulescens nigra (Du Bus de Gisignies) (Bequaert 1955: 318; Mexico); Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 318, 319, 320; Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela); Ictinia plumbea (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 318; Mexico); Milvago chimachima chimachima (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1952: 157; 1955: 320; Brazil); Piaya cayana pallescens (Cabanis & Heine) (Bequaert 1955: 319; Brazil); Rupornis magnirostris conspectus J. L. Peters (Bequaert 1955: 318; Mexico); Rupornis magnirostris saturatus (P. L. Sclater & Salvin) (Bequaert 1955: 320; Argentina); Chicken hawk (Bequaert 1955: 319; Mexico); Diurnal bird of prey (Bequaert 1955: 320; Bolivia); “Gavião” or fulvous-bellied kite (Bequaert 1955 Bequaert 1955: 319; Brazil); Hawk (Bequaert 1955: 318, 319; Brazil, Mexico. USA); Unknown Hawk (Mueller et al. 1969: 195; USA); Young hawk (Bequaert 1955: 319; Mexico); No host (Bequaert 1955: 319; Phillips & Fain 1991: 380; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands), Guyana, USA).

Icosta (Ornithoponus) plaumanni (Bequaert)

Distribution. Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Mexico.

Hosts (3 orders, 4 families, 5 genera and 5 species/subspecies). Chamaeza campanisona campanisona (M. H. C. Lichtenstein) (Bequaert 1995: 359; Brazil); Crax alector alector Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 359; Guyana); Crypturellus obsoletus obsoletus (Temminck) (Bequaert 1955: 359; Brazil); Odontophorus capueira capueira (Spix) (Bequaert 1955: 359; Brazil); Ortalis vetula vetula (Wagler) (Bequaert 1955: 359; Mexico); No host (Bequaert 1955: 359; Bolivia).

Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris (Bigot)

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica Mexico, Panama, Suriname, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (3 orders, 4 families, 14 genera and 24 species/ subspecies). Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) (Reeves 2022: 749; USA); Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1955: 311; USA); Asio clamator clamator (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1957: 577; Bolivia); Asio clamator midas (Schlegel) (Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; Brazil); Asio flammeus suinda (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 312; 1957: 577; Argentina, Brazil); Asio stygius stygius (Wagler) (Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; Brazil); Athene cunicularia grallaria (Temminck) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; Brazil); Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 311; USA); Buteogallus solitarius solitarius (Tschudi) (Bequaert 1955: 312; Phillips & Fain 1991: 382; Venezuela); Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi (Gurney, Sr) (Bequaert 1955: 311; Mexico); Ciccaba virgata centralis Griscom (Bequaert 1955: 312; Tonn & Arnold 1963: 174; Costa Rica, Panama); Glaucidium brasilianum brasilianum (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1957: 577; Graciolli & Bispo 2005: 182; Brazil); Glaucidium brasilianum phaloenoides (Daudin) (Bequaert 1995: 312; Venezuela); Lophostrix cristata stricklandi P. L. Sclater & Salvin (Bequaert 1955: 312; Costa Rica); Micrastur gilvicollis (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 312; Argentina); Micrastur ruficollis interstes Bangs (Tonn & Arnold 1963: 174; Costa Rica); Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 312; Brazil); Micrastur ruficollis ssp. (Phillips & Fain 1991: 382; Brazil); Micrastur semitorquatus naso (Lesson) (Bequaert 1955: 311; Mexico); Megascops guatemalae guatemalae (Sharpe) (Bequaert 1955: 312; Mexico); Megascops sanctaecatarinae (Salvin) (Graciolli & Bispo 2005: 182; Brazil); Pseudastur albicollis costaricensis (W. L. Sclater) (Bequaert 1955: 312; Phillip & Fain 1991: 382; Panama); Pulsatrix perspicillata saturata (Ridgway) (Arnold 1970: 264; Costa Rica), Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1957: 577; Phillips & Fain 1991: 379; Brazil); Tyto alba tuidara (J. E. Gray) (Bequaert 1957: 577; Bolivia); Hawk (Bequaert 1955: 312; Panama); No host (Maa 1969b: 54; Suriname).

Microlynchia Lutz, Neiva & Costa Lima
Microlynchia crypturelli Bequaert

Distribution. Brazil, Panama.

Hosts (3 orders, 4 families, 3 genera and 5 species/ subspecies). Arremon aurantiirostris aurantiirostris Lafresnaye (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Crypturellus obsoletus obsoletus (Temminck) (Bequaert 1955: 378; Brazil); Crypturellus parvirostris (Wagler) (Bequaert 1955: 378; Brazil); Crypturellus soui panamensis (Carriker) (Bequaert 1955: 377; Panama); Patagioenas cayennensis sylvestris (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 378; Brazil)

Microlynchia furtiva Bequaert

Distribution. Belize, United States of America.

Hosts. (2 orders, 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species/subspecies). Crypturellus boucardi boucardi (P. L. Sclater) (Bequaert 1955: 384; Belize); Seiurus aurocapilla aurocapilla (Linnaeus) (Hribar 2013a: 215; USA).

Microlynchia galapagoensis Bequaert

Distribution. Ecuador (Galápagos Islands).

Hosts (2 orders, 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species/ subspecies). Buteo galapagoensis (Gould) (Bequaert 1955: 386); Zenaida galapagoensis galapagoensis Gould (Bequaert 1955: 386; VALKIūNAS et al. 2010: 786).

Microlynchia pussila (Speiser)

Distribution. Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Grenada, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, United States of America, Venezuela, Virgin Islands of the United States.

Hosts (8 orders, 16 families, 28 genera and 50 species/subspecies). Antrostomus carolinensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 371; USA); Aphelocoma coerulescens (Bosc) (Mcclure 1984: 231; USA); Arremonops conirostris striaticeps (Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1955: 371; Costa Rica); Arremonops rufivirgatus rufivirgatus (Lawrence) (Bequaert 1955: 371; USA); Callipepla californica achrustera (J. L. Peters) (Llinas & Jiménez 1996: 339; USA); Callipepla gambelii gambelii (Gambel) (Bequaert 1955: 368; 1957: 578; USA); Callipepla squamata pallida Brewster (Bequaert 1955: 368, 370, 371; USA); Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 370, 371; USA); Colinus cristatus sonnini (Temminck) (Bequaert 1955: 371; Venezuela); Colinus virginianus virginianus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 370, 371; USA); Columbina inca (Lesson) (Bequaert 1955: 370; USA); Columba livia J. F. Gmelin (Bequaert 1952: 141; 1955: 370, 371, 372; Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, USA); Columbina cruziana (Prévost) (Bequaert 1955: 372; Chile); Columbina passerina nigrirostris (Danforth) (Bequaert 1955: 371; Virgin islands of the United States); Columbina passerina pallescens (S. F. Baird) (Tella et al. 2000: 231; Mexico); Columbina squammata squammata (Lesson) (Bequaert 1955: 368; Brazil); Columbina talpacoti talpacoti (Temminck) (Bequaert 1955: 368, Valim et al. 2004: 591; Brazil); Crypturellus sp. (Bequaert 1955: 371; Brazil); Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1955: 371; USA); Geococcyx californianus (Lesson) (Bequaert 1955: 370, 371; 1957: 578; USA); Geotrygon chrysia Bonaparte (Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Cuba); Geotrygon mystacea (Temminck) (Bequaert 1955: 371; Virgin islands of the United States); Haemorhous mexicanus frontalis (Say) (Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Leptotila rufaxilla reichenbachii Pelzeln (Bequaert 1955: 368; Brazil); Leptotila verreauxi approximans Cory (Silva & Pichorim 2013: 301; Brazil); Leptotila verreauxi decipiens (Salvadori) (Bequaert 1955: 371; Peru); Melospiza melodia ssp. (A. Wilson) (Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Melozone aberti aberti (S. F. Baird) (Bequaert 1955: 368, 370; USA); Melozone aberti dumeticola (van Rossem) (Bequaert 1955: 370; USA); Melozone fusca mesoleuca (S. F. Baird) (Bequaert 1955: 370; USA); Metriopelia ceciliae ceciliae (Lesson) (Bequaert 1955: 371; Peru); Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vigors) (Bequaert 1955: 370, 371; U.S.A); Mimus polyglottos polyglottos (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 370; USA); Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus) (Hribar 2013b: 283; USA); Molothrus ater obscurus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 368, 371; USA); Momotus mexicanus ssp. Swainson (Maa 1969c: 257; México); Passer domesticus domesticus (Linnaeus) (Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Patagioenas leucocephala (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 371; Virgin islands of the United States); Patagioenas sp. (Bequaert 1955: 371; Brazil); Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus (Swainson) (Bequaert 1955: 370; USA); Spilopelia chinensis chinensis (Scopoli) (Bequaert 1955: 370; Mcclure 1984: 231; USA); Sturnella magna magna (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 370; Teel et al. 1988: 37; USA); Sturnella neglecta neglecta Audubon (Teel et al. 1988: 37; USA); Toxostoma crissale crissale Henry (Bequaert 1955: 371; Mexico); Toxostoma curvirostre curvirostre (Swainson) (Bequaert 1955: 371; USA); Toxostoma rufum rufum (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 370. USA); Turdus leucomelas leucomelas (Vieillot, 1818) (NOGUEIRA et al. 2023: 2; Brazil); Turdus plumbeus rubripes Temminck (Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Cuba); Zenaida asiatica asiatica (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 370; Stabler 1961: 309; USA); Zenaida asiatica mearnsi (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1955: 371; Mexico); Zenaida auriculata caucae Chapman (Ayala et al. 1977: 412; Colombia); Zenaida auriculata stenura Bonaparte (Bequaert 1955: 371; Grenada); Zenaida macroura carolinensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 370, 371; Greiner 1975: 152; Mexico, USA); Zenaida macroura carolinensis/marginella (Couch 1963: 140; USA); Zenaida macroura marginella (Woodhouse) (Bequaert 1952: 159; 1955: 368, 370; Couch et al. 1961: 441; Mcclure 1984: 231; USA); Wild pigeon (Bequaert 1955: 371; Costa Rica); No host (Bequaert 1955: 371; Cuba)

Myophthiria Rondani
Myophthiria fimbriata (Waterhouse)

Distribution. United States of America.

Hosts (2 orders, 2 families, 3 genera and 3 species/ subspecies). Aeronautes saxatalis saxatalis (Woodhouse) (Bequaert 1954: 175; Parsons & Collins 1975: 217; Reeves 2022: 749); Cypseloides niger borealis (Kennerly) (Bequaert 1954: 175); Tachycineta thalassina thalassina (Swainson) (Bequaert 1954: 175); No host (Maa 1980: 857).

Myophthiria neotropica Bequaert

Distribution. Venezuela.

Host (1 order, 1 family, 1 genus and 1 species/subspecies). Aeronautes montivagus montivagus (d′Orbigny & Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1954: 178; Parsons & Collins 1975: 216).

Olfersia Leach
Olfersia aenescens Thomson

Distribution. Bahamas, Brazil (Fernando de Noronha, Trindade and Martin Vaz), Costa Rica (Cocos Island), Ecuador (Galápagos Islands), Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Virgin Islands of the United States.

Hosts (3 orders, 3 families, 4 genera and 11 species/ subspecies). Anous stolidus stolidus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1957: 438; Puerto Rico); Onychoprion anaethetus nelsoni (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1957: 438; Puerto Rico); Onychoprion fuscatus crissalis (Lawrence) (Bequaert 1957: 437; Panama); Phoebastria irrorata (Salvin) (Bequaert 1957: 438; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands); Sula dactylatra dactylatra Lesson (Bequaert 1957: 438; Virgin Islands of the United States); Sula dactylatra personata Gould (Bequaert 1957: 437; Mexico); Sula leucogaster brewsteri Goss (Bequaert 1957: 437; Costa Rica (Cocos Island)); Sula leucogaster leucogaster (Boddaert) (Bequaert 1957: 438; Bahamas, Puerto Rico); Sula nebouxii excisa Todd (Levin & Parker 2013: 1062; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)); Sula nebouxii nebouxii A. Milne-Edwards (Bequaert 1957: 437; Mexico); Sula sula websteri Rothschild (Bequaert 1957: 438¹; Levin & Parker 2013: 1062; Ecuador [Galápagos Islands]); No host (Bequaert 1957: 438; Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Brasil (Fernando de Noronha Island, Trindade and Martin Vaz), Panama, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha).

Olfersia bisulcata Macquart

Distribution. Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (1 order, 1 family, 4 genera and 8 species/subspecies). Cathartes aura aura Linnaeus (Bequaert 1957: 459; Wilson & Oliver 1978: 307; Costa Rica, Panama, USA); Cathartes aura jota (Molina) (Bequaert 1957: 459, 460; Colombia, Peru); Cathartes aura ruficollis Spix (Bequaert 1957: 459, 460; Brazil, Guyana); Coragyps atratus atratus (Bechstein) (Bequaert 1957: 458; Mexico, USA); Coragyps atratus brasiliensis (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1957: 458, 459, 460; Phillips & Fain 1991: 382; Villalobos-Moreno et al. 2020: 237; Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Guyana, Panama, Venezuela); Sarcoramphus papa (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1957: 458, 459, 460; Maa 1962: 603; Oliveira & Serra-Freire 1998: 100; Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago); *Vultur gryphus Linnaeus (Bequaert 1957: 459; Brazil², Venezuela); Vulture (Bequaert 1957: 458, 460; Mexico. Peru); No host (Bequaert 1957: 459, 460; Bolivia, Chile, French Guiana).

Olfersia coriacea van der Wulp

Distribution. Belize, Bolívia, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.

Hosts (2 orders, 3 families, 5 genera and 10 species/ subspecies). Crax alberti Fraser (Bequaert 1957: 476; Colombia); Crax alector alector Linnaeus (Bequaert 1957: 476; Guyana, Suriname); Crax alector erythrognatha P. L. Sclater & Salvin (Bequaert 1957: 476; Colombia); Crax fasciolata fasciolata Spix (Bequaert 1957: 476; Brazil); Crax rubra rubra Linnaeus (Bequaert 1957: 475; Guatemala); Crax sp. (Bequaert 1957: 476; Brazil); Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo Linnaeus (Bequaert 1957: 476; Brazil); Meleagris ocellata Cuvier (Bequaert 1957: 475, 476; Belize, Mexico, Panama)³; Mesembrinibis cayennensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1957: 476; Brazil); Ortalis vetula pallidiventris Ridgway (Bequaert 1957: 475; Mexico); Penelope purpurascens purpurascens Wagler (Bequaert 1957: 475; Mexico); Penelope sp. (Bequaert 1957: 476; Bolivia); No host (Bequaert 1957: 476; Peru, Venezuela).

Olfersia fossulata Macquart

Distribution. Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands of the United States.

Hosts (4 orders, 5 families, 6 genera and 8 species/subspecies). Larosterna inca (Lesson & Garnot) (Bequaert 1957: 465; Peru); Larus belcheri Vigors (Bequaert 1957: 465; Dale 1969: 46; Peru); Leucocarbo bougainvillii (Lesson) (Bequaert 1957: 465; Dale 1969: 47; Peru); Pelecanus thagus Molina (Bequaert 1957: 465, 466; Dale 1969: 46; Chile, Peru); Pelecanus sp. (Bequaert 1952: 160; South America); Poikilocarbo gaimardi (Lesson & Garnot) (Bequaert 1957: 465; Peru); Sula leucogaster leucogaster (Boddaert) (Bequaert 1957: 465; Puerto Rico); Sula variegata (Tschudi) (Bequaert 1957: 465; Peru); Tyto alba contempta (E. J. O. Hartert) (Bequaert 1957: 465; Peru); No host (Bequaert 1957: 465; Brazil); No host (Bequaert 1957: 465, 466; Phillips & Fain 1991: 380; Iannacone 1996: 119; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands), Panama, Peru, Virgin Islands of the United States)

Olfersia fumipennis (Sahlberg)

Distribution. Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (2 orders, 3 families, 3 genera and 4 species/ subspecies). Gavia immer (Brünnich) (Bequaert 1957: 448; USA); Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1957: 446, 447, 448; USA); Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1957: 446, 447, 448; Rodríguez & Rivera-Rodríguez 2019: 143; Belize, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, USA, Venezuela); Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi Maynard (Bequaert 1957: 448; Phillips & Fain 1991: 380; Bahamas, Belize).

Olfersia sordida Bigot

Distribution. Bahamas, Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador (Galápagos Islands), Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela, Virgin Islands of the United States.

Hosts (4 orders, 5 families, 6 genera and 11 species/subspecies). Ardea herodias cognata Bangs (Maa 1969c: 257, Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)); Coragyps atratus brasiliensis (Bonaparte) (Oliveira et al. 1999: 190; Brazil); Egretta thula thula (Molina) (Bequaert 1957: 470; Panama); Nannopterum auritum floridanum (Audubon) (Bequaert 1957: 470; Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Bahamas, Cuba); Nannopterum brasilianum brasilianum (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1957: 470; Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Nannopterum harrisi Rothschild (Madden & Harmon 1998: 187; Whiteman et al. 2006: 1222; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands); Pelecanus occidentalis californicus Ridgway (Bequaert 1957: 470; Mexico, Panama); Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis J. F. Gmelin (Bequaert 1957: 470; USA); Pelecanus occidentalis occidentalis Linnaeus (Bequaert 1957: 470, 471; Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Cuba, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela); Pelecanus occidentalis urinator Wetmore (Madden & Harmon 1998: 187; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)); Strix varia georgica Latham (Bequaert 1957: 470; USA); No host (Bequaert 1957: 470, 471; Hribar 2013c: 41; Brazil, Ecuador (Galápagos Islands), Guatemala, Jamaica, USA, Virgin Islands of the United States).

Olfersia spinifera (Leach)

Distribution. Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica (Cocos Island), Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Suriname, United States of America, Virgin Islands of the United States.

Hosts (2 orders, 3 families, 3 genera and 6 species/ subspecies). Fregata aquila (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1957: 431; Brazil); Fregata magnificens magnificens Mathews (Bequaert 1957: 431; Levin et al. 2011: 1023; Levin & Parker 2013: 1062; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)); Fregata magnificens rothschildi Mathews (Bequaert 1957: 430, 431⁴; Phillips & Fain 1991: 380; Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA, Virgin Islands of the United States); Fregata minor ridgwayi Mathews (Bequaert 1957: 431; Levin & Parker 2012: 926; Ecuador (Galápagos Islands); Fregata sp. (Bequaert 1957: 431; Maa 1969c: 258; Costa Rica (Cocos Island), Ecuador (Galápagos Islands); Nannopterum auritum floridanum (Audubon) (Bequaert 1957: 430; Bahamas); Pelecanus occidentalis occidentalis Linnaeus (Bequaert 1957: 430, 431; Puerto Rico, USA); No host (Bequaert 1957: 430, 431; Maa 1969c: 258; Brazil (Abrolhos Islands, Trinidad Islet), Ecuador (Galápagos Islands), Mexico, Peru, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha).

Olfersia sp.

Distribution. United States of America.

Hosts (1 order, 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species/subspecies). Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Vieillot (Kellogg et al. 1969: 329); Ortalis vetula mccalli S.F. Baird (MARION & THORNTON 1974: 498).

Ornithoctona Speiser
Ornithoctona erythrocephala (Leach)

Distribution. Argentina, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Grenada, Greenland (Kingdom of Denmark), Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saba Island, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Virgin Islands of the United States.

Hosts (17 orders, 30 families, 87 genera, 182 species/ subspecies). Accipiter bicolor bicolor (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 190, 191, 192; USA); Accipiter gentilis atricapillus (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 192; USA) Accipiter gundlachi ssp. Lawrence (Bequaert 1954: 193; Gregor et al. 1973: 183; Cuba); Accipiter striatus chionogaster (Kaup) (Bequaert 1954: 192; Nicaragua); Accipiter striatus erythronemius (Kaup) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1952: 156; 1954: 190, 191, 192; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Accipiter striatus venator Wetmore (Tossas 2001: 115; Puerto Rico); Accipiter striatus ventralis P. L. Sclater (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia, Venezuela); Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx (Berlepsch) (Bequaert 1954: 197; Bolivia); Amazona guildingii (Vigors) (Bequaert 1954: 195; Saint Vicent and the Grenadines); Amazona leucocephala leucocephala (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 193; Cuba); Amazona ventralis (Statius Müller) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Dominican Republic); Amazona vinacea (Kuhl) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Brazil); Asio clamator midas (Schlegel) (Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Asio flammeus portoricensis Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 194; Puerto Rico). Asio flammeus suinda (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Asio grammicus (Gosse) (Bequaert 1954: 193, 194; Jamaica); Asio stygius siguapa (d'Orbigny) (Bequaert 1954: 193; Cuba); Asio stygius stygius (Wagler) (Barino et al. 2021: 3; Brazil); Baryphthengus ruficapillus Vieillot (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett) (Bequaert 1954: 190; Canada); Branta canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 191; USA); Bubo virginianus nacurutu (Vieillot) (MOREIRA et al. 2019: 332; Brazil); Buteo brachyurus brachyurus Vieillot (Bequaert 1957: 575; Bolivia); Buteo jamaicensis borealis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 190. 191; Canada, USA); Buteo jamaicensis calurus Cassin (Reeves 2022: 749; USA); Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 193; Panama); Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 193, 194; Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands of the United States); Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway (Mcallister et al. 2018: 35; USA); Buteo platypterus antillarum A. H. Clark (Bequaert 1954: 195; Grenada, Saint Vicent and The Grenadines); Buteo platypterus brunnescens Danforth & Smyth (Bequaert 1954: 194; Puerto Rico); Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns (Bequaert 1954: 193; Cuba); Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 190, 191, 192; 1957: 575; Sealy 1967: 27; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Hahn et al. 2023: 35; Canada, Panama, USA); Buteo platypterus rivierei A. H. Verrill (Bequaert 1954: 194; Montserrat, Saba Island (specially municipality of Netherlands)); Buteo sp. (Bequaert 1954: 192; Mexico); Buteogallus anthracinus anthracinus (W. Deppe) (Bequaert 1954: 195; Saint Vicent and the Grenadines); Buteogallus solitarius solitarius (Tschudi) (Bequaert 1954: 195; Venezuela); Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi (Gurney, Sr) (Bequaert 1957: 575; Paynter 1957: 250; Mexico); Butorides virescens virescens (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 193, 194; Alarcón-Elbal et al. 2021: 54; Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Montserrat); Caracara plancus plancus (J. F. Miller) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; MOREIRA et al. 2019: 332; Barino et al. 2021: 3; Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Cariama cristata (Linnaeus) (Silva et al. 2021: 2; Brazil); Cathartes aura aura Linnaeus (Reeves 2022: 749; USA); Cathartes aura jota (Molina) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Ceratopipra chloromeros (Tschudi) (Bequaert 1954: 197; Peru); Chamaepetes goudotii goudotii (Lesson) (Bequaert 1954: 195; Blake 1955: 21; Colombia); Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus (Temmick) (Bequaert 1957: 575; Peru); Chordeiles gundlachii gundlachii Lawrence (Bequaert 1954: 193; Jamaica); Circus cinereus Vieillot (Bequaert 1957: 575; Escalante 1960: 63; Phillips & Fain 1991: 382; Brazil, Uruguay); Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 193; Cuba); Claravis pretiosa (Ferrari-Pérez) (Tonn & Arnold 1963: 174; Costa Rica); Coccyzus vieilloti (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Puerto Rico); Columba livia J. F. Gmelin (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Columbina cruziana (Prévost) (Dale 1969: 45; Peru); Columbina passerina portoricensis (Lowe) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Puerto Rico); Corvus jamaicensis J. F. Gmelin (Bequaert 1954: 193; Jamaica); Crax blumenbachii Spix (MOREIRA et al. 2019: 332; Brazil); Cyanolyca cucullata mitrata Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 192; Mexico); Dactylortyx thoracicus ssp. (Gambel) (Bequaert 1954: 192; Mexico); Dives warczewiczi kalinowskii Berlepsch & Stolzmann (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Dromococcyx phasianellus (Spix) (Maa 1969a: 21; Mexico); Egretta thula thula (Molina) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Puerto Rico); Elaenia albiceps albiceps (D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye) (Vélez et al. 2020: 547; Ecuador); Elanoides forficatus yetapa (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Elanus leucurus leucurus (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Brazil); Eurypyga helias major Hartlaub (Bequaert 1954: 195; Fairchild 1966: 388; Colombia, Panama); Falco columbarius columbarius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 190, 191, 192, 193, 194; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Canada, Haiti, Jamaica, USA); Falco deiroleucus Temminck (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Falco femoralis femoralis Temminck (Bequaert 1954: 196; 1957: 575; Argentina, Brazil); Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte (Bequaert 1954: 190; Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; Brazil, Canada); Falco peregrinus tundrius White (Meese et al. 1993: 90; Greenland (Kingdom of Denmark)); Falco sparverius caribaearum J. F. Gmelin (Bequaert 1954: 194; Montserrat, Puerto Rico); Falco sparverius cearae (Cory) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Brazil); Falco sparverius cinnamominus Swainson (Moreira et al. 2019: 332; Brazil); Falco sparverius dominicensis J. F. Gmelin (Bequaert 1954: 194; Haiti); Falco sparverius peruvianus (Cory) (Bequaert 1957: 575; Peru); Falco sparverius sparverioides Vigors (Gregor et al. 1973: 183; Cuba); Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 190; USA); Falco sp. (Bequaert 1952: 156; 1954: 194; Brazil, Dominican Republic); Geotrygon chrysia Bonaparte (Bequaert 1954: 193; Cuba); Geotrygon leucometopia (Chapman) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Dominican Republic); Geotrygon montana montana (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 193, 194, 195; 1957: 575; Tossas 2001: 115; Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines); Geotrygon mystacea (Temminck) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Saba Island (specially municipality of Netherlands)); Geotrygon violacea albiventer Lawrence (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis Swann (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Geranoaetus melanoleucus melanoleucus (Vieillot) (Escalante 1960: 63; Uruguay); Glaucidium siju siju (d'Orbigny) (Bequaert 1954: 193; Cuba); Gymnasio nudipes nudipes (Daudin) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Puerto Rico); Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 191, 192; USA); Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 192; 1957: 575; Colombia, Nicaragua); Ibycter americanus (Boddaert) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Fairchild 1966: 388; Brazil, Panama); Ictinia plumbea (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Lanius ludovicianus migrans (Palmer) (Hahn et al. 2023: 35; USA); Leptodon cayanensis cayanensis (Latham) (Bequaert 1954: 193; Panama); Leptotila jamaicensis jamaicensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 193; Jamaica); Leptotila verreauxi verreauxi Bonaparte (Bequaert 1954: 192; Panama); Margarornis squamiger squamiger (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1954: 197; Bolivia); Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 192; USA); Megascops choliba choliba (Vieillot) (Escalante 1960: 63; Uruguay); Melanerpes herminieri (Lesson) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Guadeloupe); Melanerpes superciliaris superciliaris (Temminck) (Bequaert 1954: 193; Cuba); Melanospiza bicolor marchii (Baird) (Alarcón-Elbal et al. 2021: 54; Dominican Republic); Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Vieillot (Kellogg et al. 1969: 329; USA); Micrastur gilvicollis (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Micrastur ruficollis interstes Bangs (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Micrastur ruficollis zonothorax (Cabanis) (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Micrastur semitorquatus naso (Lesson) (Bequaert 1957: 575; Paynter 1957: 251; Mexico); Milvago chimachima chimachima (Vieillot) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Milvago chimango chimango (Vieillot) (Lambrecht et al. 2015: 260; Brazil); Momotus aequatorialis chlorolaemus Berlepsch & Stolzmann (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Momotus aequatorialis aequatorialis Gould (Bequaert 1957: 575; Colombia); Morphnarchus princeps (P. L. Sclater) (Bequaert 1954: 192; Panama); Myiobius atricaudus atricaudus Lawrence (Bequaert 1954: 193; Panama); Nyctanassa violacea violacea (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 193; Jamaica); Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Brazil); Odontophorus gujanensis castigatus Bangs (Bequaert 1957: 575; Arnold 1970: 264; Costa Rica, Panama); Odontophorus guttatus (Gould) (Bequaert 1954: 192; Panama); Odontophorus hyperythrus Gould (Bequaert 1957: 575; Colombia); Odontophorus strophium (Gould) (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Odontophorus sp. (Bequaert 1954: 192; Costa Rica); Ortalis columbiana Hellmayr (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Ortalis vetula vetula (Wagler) (Bequaert 1957: 575; Paynter 1957: 252; Mexico); Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 190; Canada); Parabuteo leucorrhous (Quoy & Gaimard) (Maa 1963: 157; Colombia); Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus (Temminck) (Moreira et al. 2019: 232; Brazil); Paraclaravis mondetoura inca (van Rossem) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Paraclaravis mondetoura pulchra (Griscom) (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Patagioenas albilinea albilinea (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 195; 1957: 575; Bolivia, Colombia, Peru); Patagioenas cayennensis sylvestris (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1957: 575; Brazil); Patagioenas inornata exigua (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1957: 575; Jamaica); Patagioenas inornata inornata (Vigors) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Haiti); Patagioenas inornata wetmorei (J. L. Peters) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Puerto Rico); Patagioenas leucocephala (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 193, 194; Jamaica, Virgin Islands of the United States); Patagioenas picazuro picazuro (Temminck) (Bequaert 1954: 197; Uruguay); Patagioenas picazuro ssp. (Temminck) (Serra-Freire et al. 2013: 351; NOGUEIRA et al. 2021: 96; Brazil); Patagioenas plumbea bogotensis Berlepsch & Leverkühn (Bequaert 1957: 575; Colombia); Patagioenas squamosa (Bonnaterre) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Montserrat); Penelope argyrotis argyrotis (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 195; Venezuela); Penelope argyrotis colombiana Todd (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Penelope montagnii montagnii (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Penelope obscura Temminck (Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; Brazil); Penelope purpurascens purpurascens Wagler (Bequaert 1957: 575; Paynter 1957: 252; Mexico); Penelopina nigra (Fraser) (Bequaert 1954: 192; Mexico); Pezopetes capitalis Cabanis, 1861 (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Pharomachrus mocinno mocinno de la Llave (Bequaert 1954: 192; 1957: 575; Mexico); Phasianus colchicus ssp. Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 191, 192; USA); Piaya cayana mehleri Bonaparte (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Pionus sordidus saturatus Todd (Bequaert 1954: 195; Colombia); Pionus tumultuosus (Tschudi) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Piranga bidentata citrea van Rossem (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Piranga rubra rubra (Linnaeus) (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Priotelus roseigaster (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 194; Dominican Republic); Psarocolius decumanus decumanus (Pallas) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Pulsatrix perspicillata saturata (Ridgway) (Arnold 1970: 264; Costa Rica); Quiscalus niger gundlachii Cassin (Bequaert 1954: 193; Gregor et al. 1973: 183; Cuba); Ramphastos dicolorus Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 197; Argentina); Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1954: 192; Honduras); Rupornis magnirostris magniplumis (A. W. Bertoni) (Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 195, 196; Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela); Rupornis magnirostris pucherani (J. P. Verreaux & J. B. É. Verreaux) (Bequaert 1957: 575; Escalante 1960: 62, 63; Uruguay); Siphonorhis americana (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 193⁵; Jamaica); Spizaetus isidori (Des Murs) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Spizaetus ornatus ornatus (Daudin) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Brazil); Spizaetus tyrannus tyrannus (Wied) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Brazil); Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 192; USA); Tiaris olivaceus pusillus Swainson (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Tyto alba contempta (E. J. O. Hartert) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Tyto alba furcata (Temminck) (Bequaert 1954: 193; Jamaica); Tyto alba tuidara (J. E. Gray) (Graciolli & Bispo 2005: 182; Brazil); Xiphidiopicus percussus percussus (Temminck) (Gregor et al. 1973: 183; Cuba); Zenaida asiatica asiatica (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 192, 193, 194; Dominican Republic, Honduras, Jamaica); Zenaida auriculata chrysauchenia Reichenbach (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Zenaida auriculata hypoleuca Bonaparte (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Zenaida aurita aurita (Temminck) (Bequaert 1954: 194, 195; Guadeloupe, Virgin Islands of the United States); Zenaida aurita zenaida (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 193; Cuba, Jamaica); Zenaida macroura macroura (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 193, 194; Cuba, Puerto Rico); Zenaida meloda (Tschudi) (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); Zentrygon frenata bourcieri (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 197; Peru); Zentrygon linearis linearis (Prévost) (Bequaert 1952: 156; 1954: 195; Colombia); Chicken hawk (Bequaert 1954: 190; Canada); Domestic owl (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); “Gavilan” (Bequaert 1954: 192, 197, 199; Argentina, Peru, Venezuela); Owl (Bequaert 1954: 191, 196; Peru, USA); Unknown Hawk (Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Wild dove (Bequaert 1954: 194; Montserrat); Wild pigeon (Bequaert 1954: 196; Peru); No host (Bequaert 1954: 193, 194, 195, 196, 197; 1957: 575; Maa 1962: 599; 1963: 157; Phillips & Fain 1991: 379, 381, 382; Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Bahamas, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vicent and the Grenadines, USA).

Ornithoctona fusciventris (Wiedemann, 1830)

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (10 orders, 27 families, 64 genera, 91 species/subspecies). Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 212; USA); Accipiter striatus ventralis P. L. Sclater (Bequaert 1954: 216; Peru); Anabacerthia striaticollis striaticollis Lafresnaye (Bequaert 1957: 576; Colombia); Anisognathus igniventris lunulatus (du Bus de Gisignies) (Bequaert, 1954: 214, 215; Colombia); Anisognathus lacrymosus lacrymosus (Du Bus de Gisignies) (Bequaert 1954: 216; Peru); Arremon torquatus torquatus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Peru); Atlapetes albinucha gutturalis (Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Atlapetes schistaceus schistaceus (Boissonneau) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Colombia); Atlapetes schistaceus tamae Cory (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Atlapetes tibialis (Lawrence) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi Ridgway (Ibáñez-Bernal et al. 2015: 379; Mexico); Cardellina canadensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 212, 213; Canada, USA); Catharus swainsoni swainsoni (Tschudi) (Reeves 2022: 479; USA); Catharus ustulatus ustulatus (Nuttall) (Tonn & Arnold 1963: 175; Costa Rica); Cercomacroides tyrannina tyrannina (P. L. Sclater) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Chamaepetes goudotii sanctaemarthae Chapman (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Chiroxiphia caudata (Shaw & Nodder) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Chlorospingus flavopectus ophthalmicus (du Bus de Gisignies) (Ibáñez-Bernal et al. 2015: 379; Mexico); Ciccaba virgata centralis Griscom (Tonn & Arnold 1963: 175; Costa Rica); Cinnycerthia unirufa unirufa (Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Colonia colonus colonus (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 215; Brazil); Conirostrum rufum Lafresnaye (Bequaert 1954: 215; Colombia); Contopus fumigatus ardosiacus (Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Colombia); Coryphospingus cucullatus fargoi Brodkorb (Bequaert 1957: 576; Bolivia); Cyanocorax yncas cyanodorsalis (A. J. C. Dubois) (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Cyanoloxia cyanoides concreta du Bus de Gisignies (Paynter 1957: 279; Mexico); Dryobates villosus extimus (Bangs) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Panama); Dubusia taeniata subspp. (Boissonneau) (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis Ridgway (Arnold 1970: 264; Costa Rica); Dysithamnus puncticeps Salvin (Fairchild 1966: 388; Panama); Empidonax flavescens flavescens Lawrence (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Empidonax flaviventris (W. M. Baird & S. F. Baird) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Panama); Empidonax virescens(Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 212; USA); Grallariarufula Lafresnaye (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Henicorhina leucophrys collina Bangs (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Heterospingus xanthopygius xanthopygius (P. L. Sclater, 1855) (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Icterus mesomelas mesomelas (Wagler) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Paynter 1957: 275; Mexico); Junco phaeonotus fulvescens Nelson (Bequaert 1954: 213; Mexico); Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger lacrymiger (Des Murs) (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Leptodon cayanensis cayanensis (Latham) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Leptotila plumbeiceps plumbeiceps P. L. Sclater & Salvin (Bequaert 1957: 576; Colombia); Loxia curvirostra bendirei Ridgway (Reeves 2022: 749; USA); Micrastur semitorquatus naso (Lesson) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Colombia); Microspingus torquatus torquatus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Bolivia); Mitrephanes phaeocercus aurantiiventris (Lawrence) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Panama); Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Jamaica); Momotus lessonii lessonii Lesson (Bequaert 1954: 213; Mexico); Momotus subrufescens ssp. P. L. Sclater (Bequaert 1954: 214; 1957: 576; Colombia, Panama); Muscisaxicola maculirostris maculirostris d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye (Bequaert 1954: 216; Argentina); Myadestes melanops Salvin (Bequaert 1957: 576; Panama); Myiotheretes striaticollis striaticollis (P. L. Sclater) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Colombia); Odontophorus gujanensis castigatus Bangs (Bequaert 1957: 576; Panama); Pezopetes capitalis Cabanis (Bequaert 1957: 576; Panama); Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis Cabanis (Bequaert 1957: 576, 577; Panama); Pheucticus ludovicianus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 212; Canada; USA); Pheugopedius atrogularis (Salvin) (Fairchild 1966: 388; Panama); Piranga bidentata sanguinolenta Lafresnaye (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Piranga leucoptera leucoptera Trudeau (Bequaert 1954: 213; 1957: 576; Paynter 1957: 276; Mexico); Piranga olivacea (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 212, 213; Canada, USA); Piranga rubra rubra (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Costa Rica, USA); Rhytipterna holerythra holerythra (P. L. Sclater & Salvin) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Sayornis nigricans nigricans (Swainson) (Ibáñez-Bernal et al. 2015: 379; Mexico); Schiffornis virescens (Lafresnaye) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Sclerurus scansor (Ménétries) (Bequaert 1954: 215; Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Scytalopus sanctaemartae Chapman (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Seiurus aurocapilla aurocapilla (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Fairchild 1966: 388; Keirans 1967: 41; Jamaica, Panama, USA); Setophaga graciae decora (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Paynter 1957: 272; Mexico); Setophaga pinus chrysoleuca (Griscom) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Dominican Republic); Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 213; USA); Setophaga tigrina (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 213; USA); Streptoprocne rutila brunnitorques (Lafresnaye) (Maa 1969a: 20; Mexico); Sturnella magna meridionalis P. L. Sclater (Bequaert 1954: 215; Colombia); Synallaxis unirufa unirufa Lafresnaye (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Tachyphonus rufus (Boddaert) (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Tangara arthus aurulenta (Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1952: 156; 1954: 215; Phillips & Fain 1990: 380; Colombia); Tangara labradorides labradorides (Boissonneau) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Colombia); Thamnophilus caerulescens caerulescens Vieillot (Bequaert 1954: 215; Brazil); Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster Pelzeln (Bequaert 1954: 215; Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Thamnophilus caerulescens melanochrous P. L. Sclater & Salvin (Bequaert 1954: 216; Peru); Thlypopsis sordida chrysopis (P. L. Sclater & Salvin) (Bequaert 1954: 216; Peru); Tiaris olivaceus pusillus Swainson (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Turdus assimilis cnephosus (Bangs) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Turdus fuscater gigas Fraser (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Turdus grayi casius (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Panama); Turdus leucops Taczanowski (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Turdus plebejus plebejus Cabanis (Bequaert 1954: 213; Panama); Vireo philadelphicus (Cassin) (Bequaert 1954: 212; Canada); Zonotrichia capensis antillarum (Riley) (Bequaert 1954: 213; Dominican Republic); Zonotrichia capensis costaricensis J. A. Allen (Bequaert 1954: 214; Colombia); Zonotrichia capensis peruviensis (Lesson) (Bequaert 1954: 216; Peru); Zonotrichia capensis subtorquata Swainson, 1837 (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Wren (Fairchild 1966: 388; Panama); No host (Bequaert 1954: 213, 215, 216; Maa 1962: 598; 1969a: 20; Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Venezuela).

Ornithoctona nitens Bigot

Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela.

Hosts (3 orders, 3 families, 4 genera, 7 species/subspecies). Phaethornis longirostris cephalus (Bourcier & Mulsant) (Bequaert 1954: 228; Nicaragua); Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis Cabanis (Bequaert 1954: 228; 1957: 577; Costa Rica, Panama); Pharomachrus mocinno mocinno de la Llave (Bequaert 1954: 228; Honduras, Mexico); Troglodytes aedon inquietus S. F. Baird (Bequaert 1954: 228; Panama); Trogon collaris puella Gould (Bequaert 1954: 228; Mexico, Panama); Trogon massena massena Gould (Bequaert 1954: 228; Mexico); Trogon personatus personatus Gould (Bequaert 1954: 228; 1957: 577; Colombia); Trogon sp. (Bequaert 1954: 228; Costa Rica, Panama); No host (Bequaert 1954: 228; Venezuela).

Ornithoctona orizabae Bequaert

Distribution. Mexico.

No host (Bequaert 1954: 210).

Ornithoctona oxycera Falcoz

Distribution. Colombia, Venezuela.

Hosts (1 order, 4 families, 5 genera, 5 species/subspecies). Knipolegus poecilurus poecilurus (P. L. Sclater) (Bequaert 1957: 576; Colombia); Myiodynastes chrysocephalus subsp. (Tschudi) (Bequaert 1954: 225; Colombia); Setophaga striata (J. R. Forster) (Bequaert 1954: 225; Colombia); Sporathraupis cyanocephala olivicyanea (Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1954: 225; Venezuela); Turdus olivater sanctaemartae (Todd) (Bequaert 1954: 225; Colombia).

Ornithoctona sp.

Distribuion. BRAZIL

Host: Patagioenas picazuro picazuro (Temminck) (Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179).

Ornithoica Rondani
Ornithoica confluenta (Say)

Distribution. Bahamas, Brazil, Cuba, Panama, Puerto Rico, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (2 orders, 2 families, 5 genera, 6 species/subspecies). Ardea alba egretta (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 108; Faichild 1966: 388; Gregor et al. 1973: 184; DIAS et al. 1996: 151; Brazil, Cuba, Panama, USA); Bubulcus ibis ibis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 108; Funderburgh et al. 1969: 141; Dismukes et al. 1972: 998; Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Resh & Whittaker 1973: 233; Cuba, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela); Butorides virescens bahamensis (Brewster) (Bequaert 1954: 108; Maa 1969c: 241; Bahamas); Catharus aurantiirostris griseiceps Salvin (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus) (Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Cuba); Egretta thula thula (Molina) (Bequaert 1954: 107; Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Cuba, USA).

Ornithoica vicina (Walker)

Distribution. Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (12 orders, 36 families, 97 genera, 191 species/ subspecies). Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 97; U.S.A); Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Aegolius acadicus acadicus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 93, 95, 97; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Woods 1971: 960; Taft & Kerstner 2000: 755; Canada, USA); Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 95, 97; USA); Aimophila ruficeps canescens Todd (Mcclure 1984: 232; USA); Amazona agilis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Jamaica); Amazona collaria (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Jamaica); Amazona leucocephala leucocephala (Linnaeus) (Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Cuba); Aphelocoma californica californica (Vigors) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Aphelocoma coerulescens (Bosc) (Mcclure 1984: 231; USA); Aphelocoma woodhouseii woodhouseii (S. F. Baird) (Bequaert 1954: 93; USA); Asio clamator midas (Schlegel) (Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; Brazil); Asio flammeus flammeus (Pontoppidan) (Bequaert 1954: 93, 97, 98; Canada; USA); Asio grammicus (Gosse) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Jamaica); Asio otus wilsonianus (Lesson) (Bequaert 1954: 94, 97, 98; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Asio stygius stygius (Wagler) (Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; Brazil); Athene cunicularia grallaria (Temminck) (Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; Brazil); Baeolophus bicolor (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 97; USA); Baeolophus inornatus ssp. (Gambel) (Mcclure 1984: 231; USA); Baryphthengus ruficapillus (Vieillot) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Bonasa umbellus togata (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 97; USA); Bubo virginianus pacificus Cassin (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone (Bequaert 1954: 93; Reeves 2022: 479; USA); Bubo virginianus saturatus Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 98; USA); Bubo virginianus virginianus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 93, 94, 95, 97, 98; 1955: 290; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Phillips & Fain 1991: 382; Farajollahi et al. 2005: 475; Canada, USA); Busarellus nigricollis nigricollis (Latham) (Bequaert 1954: 98; Mexico); Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 93; Canada); Buteo jamaicensis borealis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 95; USA); Buteo jamaicensis calurus Cassin (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Buteogallus urubitinga urubitinga (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Brazil); Butorides virescens virescens (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 95, 98; USA); Callipepla gambelii gambelii (Gambel) (Bequaert 1954: 93, 97; USA); Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 97; USA); Catharus fuscescens fuscescens (Stephens) (Bequaert 1954: 94, 97; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Catharus guttatus faxoni (Bangs & T. E. Penard) (Bequaert 1954: 97, 98; Mcclure 1984: 302; USA); Catharus swainsoni swainsoni (Tschudi) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Catharus ustulatus ustulatus (Nuttall) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Cephalopterus ornatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (Bequaert 1954: 100; Peru); Chamaea fasciata phaea Osgood (Bequaert 1954: 94, 98; USA); Chamaea fasciata ssp. (Gambel) (Mcclure 1984: 232; USA); Chondestes grammacus strigatus Swainson (Mcclure 1984: 232; USA); Ciccaba nigrolineata (P. L. Sclater) (Bequaert 1957: 574; Belize); Ciccaba virgata borelliana (A. W. Bertoni) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Graciolli & Bispo 2005: 182; Brazil); Ciccaba virgata centralis Griscom (Tonn & Arnold 1963: 175; Costa Rica); Ciccaba virgata virgata (Cassin) (Bequaert 1957: 574; Colombia); Cinclus mexicanus unicolor Bonaparte (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus) (Scharf 1966: 471; USA); Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs (Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Colaptes campestris campestroides (Malherbe) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Paraguay); Corthylio calendula calendula (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 94, 97, 98; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Corthylio calendula grinnelli Palmer (Mcclure 1984: 232; USA); Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm (Bequaert 1954: 95; USA); Crypturellus soui panamensis (Carriker) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Panama); Cyanocitta cristata bromia Oberholser (Keirans 1967: 41; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; Phillips & Fain 1991: 379; USA); Cyanocitta cristata cristata (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 95, 97, 98; Maa 1969c: 241; USA); Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Cyanocitta stelleri stelleri (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 93, 94, 98; Canada; USA); Cyanocorax coeruleus (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Brazil); Cyanocorax cristatellus (Temminck) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Brazil); Dendragapus fuliginosus fuliginosus (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1954: 93; Canada); Drymophila ferruginea (Temminck) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Brazil); Dryobates pubescens medianus (Swainson) (Bequaert 1954: 97; USA); Dryobates pubescens pubescens (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 95); Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 97; Mueller et al. 1969: 193 Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Euphagus carolinus carolinus (Statius Müller) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Euphagus cyanocephalus (Wagler) (Bequaert 1954: 94; Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 94; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Gallus gallus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1952: 151; 1954: 98; USA); Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 97; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; USA); Glaucidium brasilianum brasilianum (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1957: 574; Brazil); Glaucidium brasilianum ridgwayi Sharpe (Bequaert 1954: 98; Mexico); Haemorhous mexicanus frontalis (Say) (Bequaert 1954: 94; Mcclure 1984: 233; REEVES et al. 2004: 20; USA); Haemorhous mexicanus ssp. (Statius Müller) (Wood 1983: 102; USA); Haemorhous purpureus purpureus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 94; Keirans 1967: 41; USA); Hylocichla mustelina (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 98; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Icterus bullocki (Swainson) (Reeves 2022: 479; USA); Icterus galbula (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 95, 97; USA); Junco hyemalis caniceps (Woodhouse) (Reeves 2022: 479; USA); Junco hyemalis carolinensis Brewster (Bequaert 1954: 98; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Reeves et al. 2004: 20; USA); Junco hyemalis dorsalis Henry (Bequaert 1952: 151; 1954: 93; 97, 98; USA); Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 93, 97, 98; Mcclure 1984: 233; Canada, USA); Junco hyemalis oreganus (J. K. Townsend) (Bequaert 1954: 93; Canada); Junco hyemalis thurberi Anthony (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Junco sp. (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli Oberholser (Mcclure 1984: 232; USA); Lanius ludovicianus migrans Palmer (Bequaert 1957: 574; Harlan & Kramer 1979: 83; USA); Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Boyd & FRY 1971: 150; USA); Megascops albogularis albogularis (Cassin) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Colombia); Megascops asio asio (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 98; USA); Megascops asio maxwelliae (Ridgway) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Megascops asio naevius (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 95; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Megascops guatemalae guatemalae (Sharpe) (Bequaert 1957: 574; Mexico); Megascops kennicottii bendirei (Brewster) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Megascops kennicottii kennicottii (Elliot) (Bequaert 1954: 93; Canada); Megascops sp. (Bequaert 1954: 99; Venezuela); Melospiza georgiana georgiana (Latham) (Keirans 1967: 41; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; USA); Melospiza lincolnii lincolnii (Audubon) (Bequaert 1954: 97, 98; USA); Melospiza melodia atlantica Todd (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Reeves et al. 2004: 20; USA); Melospiza melodia gouldii S. F. Baird (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Melospiza melodia heermanni S. F. Baird (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Melospiza melodia melodia (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 95, 97, 98; 1957: 574; USA); Melospiza melodia montana Henshaw (Clifford et al. 1970: 440; USA); Melospiza melodia morphna Oberholser (Bequaert 1954: 93, 98; Canada; USA); Melospiza melodia ssp. (A. Wilson) (Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Melospiza sp. (Bequaert 1954: 98; USA); Melozone crissalis carolae (McGregor) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Melozone crissalis crissalis (Vigors) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Melozone crissalis senicula (Anthony) (Bequaert 1954: 94; Mcclure 1984: 232; USA); Melozone fusca mesoleuca (S. F. Baird) (Bequaert 1954: 94; Maa 1969c: 241; Phillips & Fain 1991: 379; USA); Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Mimus longicaudatus longicaudatus Tschudi, (Dale 1969: 44; Peru); Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vigors) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 95; USA); Molothrus ater artemisiae Grinnell (Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Molothrus ater ater (Boddaert) (Bequaert 1954: 93, 95, 97; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Canada, USA); Molothrus ater obscurus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Monasa morphoeus grandior (P. L. Sclater & Salvin) (Arnold 1970: 264; Costa Rica); Myiodynastes hemichrysus (Cabanis) (Bequaert 1957: 574; Panama); Parkesia noveboracensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 97; USA); Passer domesticus domesticus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1952: 151; 1954: 94, 95; Keirans 1967: 41; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Passerculus sandwichensis sandwichensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 98; USA); Passerella iliaca zaboria Oberholser (Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Passerella iliaca ssp. (Merrem) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Passerina amoena Say (Mcclure 1984: 232; USA); Perisoreus canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 95; USA); Pheucticus ludovicianus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 95, 97; USA); Piaya cayana macroura Gambel (Bequaert 1954: 99; Brazil); Pica hudsonia (Sabine) (Bequaert 1954: 94, Stabler et al. 1966: 1144; Reeves 2022: 749; USA); Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni Coues (Bequaert 1954: 98; USA); Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 97, 98; 1957: 574; Maa 1969c: 241; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Phillips & Fain 1991: 379; USA); Pipilo maculatus curtatus Grinnell (Mcclure 1984: 232; USA); Pipilo maculatus falcifer McGregor (Bequaert 1952: 151; 1954: 94; USA); Pipilo maculatus megalonyx S. F. Baird (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Pipilo maculatus montanus Swarth (Bequaert 1954: 93, 94; USA); Piranga hepatica hepatica Swainson (Bequaert 1954: 93; USA); Piranga olivacea (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 97; USA); Piranga rubra rubra (Linnaeus) (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Poecile atricapillus atricapillus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 97; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Poecile hudsonicus littoralis (H. Bryant) (Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Pooecetes gramineus gramineus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 95; Maa 1969c: 241; USA); Psaltriparus minimus minimus (J. K. Townsend) (Mcclure 1984: 231; USA); Psittacara leucophthalmus leucophthalmus (Statius Müller) (NOGUEIRA et al. 2023:2; Brazil); Pyrocephalus rubinus obscurus Gould (Bequaert 1954: 100; Peru); Pyroderus scutatus scutatus (Shaw) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Brazil); Quiscalus quiscula quiscula (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 97; USA); Quiscalus quiscula stonei Chapman (Nelder et al. 2009: 471; USA); Quiscalus quiscula versicolor Vieillot (Bequaert 1954: 93, 95; Keirans 1967: 41; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Phillips & Fain 1991: 379; Canada; USA); Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii Gould (Bequaert 1954: 99; Panama); Ramphastos dicolorus Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 99; Brazil); Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus Lesson (Bequaert 1954: 98; Guatemala); Ramphastos toco albogularis (Cabanis) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Paraguay); Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis P. L. Sclater (Bequaert 1954: 99; Brazil); Regulus satrapa olivaceus S. F. Baird (Bequaert 1954: 93; Canada); Regulus satrapa satrapa M. H. C. Lichtenstein (Bequaert 1954: 95, 97; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Rupornis magnirostris magniplumis (A. W. Bertoni) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Vaz & Teixeira 2016: 502; Brazil); Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1952: 151; 1954: 99; Brazil); Saltator maximus ssp. (Statius Müller) (Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Panama); Sayornis phoebe (Latham) (Keirans 1967: 41; USA); Seiurus aurocapilla aurocapilla (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 95; USA); Seiurus aurocapilla ssp. (Linnaeus) (Main & Anderson 1970: 303; USA); Setophaga coronata coronata (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 97; USA); Setophaga petechia aestiva (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 95; USA); Sitta canadensis Linnaeus (Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Sitta carolinensis carolinensis Latham (Bequaert 1954: 97; USA); Spilopelia chinensis chinensis (Scopoli) (Mcclure 1984: 231; USA); Spinus tristis salicamans Grinnell (Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Spizella passerina passerina (Bechstein) (Bequaert 1954: 95, 97; USA); Spizella pusilla pusilla (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 98; USA); Strix hylophyla Temminck (Bequaert 1954: 99; Brazil); Strix occidentalis lucida (Nelson) (Bequaert 1954: 93; Hunter et al. 1994: 234; USA); Strix occidentalis occidentalis (Xánthus) (Bequaert 1954: 93, 94; USA); Strix rufipes rufipes P. P. King (Bequaert 1954: 100, Oyarzún-Ruiz et al. 2023: 65; Chile); Strix varia varia Barton (Bequaert 1954: 93; Keirans 1967: 41; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Nelder & Reeves 2005: 316; Canada, USA); Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Linnaeus (Main & Anderson 1970: 302; Mcclure 1984: 232; USA); Syndactila rufosuperciliata rufosuperciliata (Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Thripadectes flammulatus flammulatus (Eyton) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Colombia); Thryomanes bewickii ssp. (Audubon) (Mcclure 1984: 301; USA); Toxostoma rufum rufum (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 97; Nelder & Reeves 2005:316; USA); Troglodytes aedon aedon Vieillot (Bequaert 1954: 97; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Troglodytes aedon parkmanii Audubon (Bequaert 1954: 93, 98; USA); Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis (Amaral et al. 2013a: 625; Brazil); Turdus falcklandii magellanicus P. P. King (Bequaert 1952: 151; 1954: 100; Chile); Turdus grayi casius (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Costa Rica); Turdus migratorius migratorius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1952: 151; 1954: 93, 95, 97; Canada, USA); Turdus migratorius nigrideus Aldrich & Nutt (Keirans 1967: 41; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Turdus migratorius propinquus Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 93; USA); Turdus rufiventris rufiventris Vieillot (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Tyto alba tuidara (J. E. Gray) (Bequaert 1957: 574; Bolivia); Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus Vieillot (Bequaert 1954: 99; Brazil); Tyrannus tyrannus (Linnaeus) (Keirans 1967: 41; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Volatinia jacarina peruviensis (Peale) (Dale 1969: 44; Peru); Zenaida macroura carolinensis (Linnaeus) (Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Zentrygon linearis linearis (Prévost) (Bequaert 1954: 99; Colombia); Zonotrichia albicollis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 93, 95, 97; Maa 1969c: 241; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Davis 1988: 87; Phillips & Fain 1991: 379; Canada; USA); Zonotrichia atricapilla (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 94; Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 94; USA); Zonotrichia leucophrys ssp. (J. R. Forster) (Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); “Frigillid” (Bequaert 1954: 100; Peru); “Thrush” (Bequaert 1954: 99; Ecuador); Unkown host (Bequaert 1952: 151; Chile, USA); No host (Bequaert 1954: 99, 100, Bolivia; Brazil, Chile, Cuba);

Ornithomya Latreille Ornithomya ambigua (Lutz, Neiva & Costa-Lima)

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela.

Hosts (2 orders, 3 families, 6 genera, 6 species/subspecies). Leptotila rufaxilla reichenbachii Pelzeln (Bequaert 1954: 156; Brazil); Progne chalybea macrorhamphus Brooke (Bequaert 1954: 156; Brazil); Pygochelidon cyanoleuca cyanoleuca (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 156; 1957: 575; Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela); Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1954: 156; Brazil); Tachycineta albiventer (Boddaert) (Bequaert 1954: 156; Venezuela); Xenops rutilans rutilans Temminck (Bequaert 1954: 156; Brazil); Swallows (Bequaert1954: 156; Brazil).

Ornithomya avicularia (Linnaeus)

Distribution. Canada.

Hosts (2 orders, 2 families, 2 genera, 3 species/subspecies). Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) (Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171); Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171); Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus (Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171).

Ornithomya anchineuria Speiser

Distribution. Canada, Mexico, United States of America.

Hosts (9 orders, 30 families, 89 genera, 176 species/ subspecies). Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 125, 129; Canada; USA); Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 126, 130; 1957: 575; Mueller et al. 1969: 193, Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171; Canada; USA); Acridotheres cristatellus brevipennis E. J. O. Hartert (Bequaert 1952: 152; 1954: 125; Canada); Aegolius acadicus acadicus (J. F. Gmelin) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Taft & Kerstner 2000: 755; USA); Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 127, 128, 129, 131, 132; Keirans 1967: 41; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Canada; USA); Ammodramus savannarum savannarum (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 128; USA); Anthus rubescens ssp. (Tunstall) (Bequaert 1954: 125; USA); Aphelocoma californica californica (Vigors) (Bequaert 1954: 127; USA); Asio otus wilsonianus (Lesson) (Bequaert 1954: 125; Canada); Baeolophus bicolor (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 130; USA); Baeolophus inornatus inornatus (Gambel) (Bequaert 1954: 127; USA); Baeolophus sp. (Bequaert 1954: 130; USA); Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; Davis 1998: 87; Reeves et al. 2007: 45; Canada; USA); Bonasa umbellus togata (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 126, 132; Canada, USA); Bonasa umbellus umbelloides (Douglas) (Bequaert 1952: 155; 1954: 126, 129, 130, 133; Canada; USA); Bonasa umbellus umbellus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 129; USA); Bonasa umbellus yukonensis Grinnell (Bequaert 1954: 125; USA); Bubo virginianus heterocnemis (Oberholser) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Bubo virginianus virginianus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Canachites franklinii (Douglas) (Bequaert 1954: 125, 126; Canada); Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Canachites canadensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 125, 130; USA); Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 129, 131, 132, 133; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Cathartes aura aura Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 131; USA); Catharus fuscescens fuscescens (Stephens) (Bequaert 1954: 126, 128, 130, 131; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; Canada, USA); Catharus fuscescens subpallidus (Burleigh & Duvall) (Goater et al. 2018: 113; Canada); Catharus guttatus faxoni (Bangs & T. E. Penard) (Bequaert 1952: 155; 1954: 128, 131, 132; Wilson 1964: 130; Keirans 1967: 41; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; Davis 1998: 87; Canada, USA); Catharus guttatus guttatus (Pallas) (Bequaert 1954: 125; Canada); Catharus minimus minimus (Lafresnaye) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Catharus occidentalis occidentalis P. L. Sclater (Bequaert 1954: 133; Mexico); Catharus swainsoni swainsoni (Tschudi) (Bequaert 1954: 126, 131; Canada, USA); Catharus swainsoni swainsoni (Tschudi) or Catharus ustulatus ustulatus (Nuttall) (Wilson 1964: 130; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; Savard & Ibarzabal 1996: 99; Davis 1998: 87; 2015: 1; Canada, USA); Catharus ustulatus ustulatus (Nuttall) (Goater et al. 2018: 113; Canada); Certhia americana nigrescens Burleigh (Reeves et al. 2007: 45; USA); Certhia americana occidentalis Ridgway (Goater et al. 2018: 113; Canada); Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 128; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Coccothraustes vespertinus brooksi Grinnell (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Coccothraustes vespertinus vespertinus (W. Cooper) (Bequaert 1954: 125, 126; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Canada; USA); Colaptes auratus auratus (Linnaeus) and Colaptes auratus cafer (J. F. Gmelin) (Hybrid) (Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Colaptes auratus cafer (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 125, 131; Canada, USA); Colaptes auratus collaris Vigors (Bequaert 1954: 132, 133; USA); Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs (Bequaert 1954: 131; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Colinus virginianus virginianus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 132; USA); Corthylio calendula calendula (Linnaeus) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Davis 1998: 87; Canada, USA); Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 131; USA); Cyanocitta cristata bromia Oberholser (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Cyanocitta cristata cristata (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1952: 152; 1954: 128, 129, 130, 131, 132; 1957: 575; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Cyanocitta stelleri stelleri (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1952: 152; Canada); Dendragapus fuliginosus fuliginosus (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1952: 154; 1954: 125, 126; Canada); Dendragapus obscurus obscurus (Say) (Bequaert 1954: 130; USA); Dendragapus obscurus richardsoni (Douglas) (Bequaert 1952: 155; 1954: 126, 129, 132; Canada; USA); Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 131, 132; USA); Dryobates pubescens leucurus (Hartlaub) (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Dryobates pubescens medianus (Swainson) (Bequaert 1954: 130, 132; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Dryobates villosus harrisi (Audubon) (Bequaert 1954: 131; USA); Dryobates villosus villosus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 132; USA); Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1952: 152, 153, 154; 1954: 128, 129, 130, 131, 132; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Empidonax flaviventris W. M. Baird & S. F. Baird (Davis 1998: 87; Canada); Empidonax traillii traillii (Audubon) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Euphagus carolinus carolinus (Statius Müller) (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Falco columbarius columbarius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 125, 132; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 125, 126, 127; Canada; USA); Geothlypis formosa (A. Wilson) (Wilson 1964: 130; USA); Geothlypis philadelphia (A. Wilson) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Geothlypis trichas arizela Oberholser (Goater et al. 2018: 113; Canada); Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1952: 152; 1954: 128, 130, 131; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Davis 1988: 87; 2015: 1; Canada; USA); Glaucidium gnoma californicum P. L. Sclater (Bequaert 1954: 125, 127, 131; Canada, USA); Haemorhous mexicanus frontalis (Say) (Bequaert 1954: 127; Wood 1983: 102; Reeves et al. 2004: 21; Davis 2007: 111; USA); Haemorhous mexicanus mexicanus (Statius Müller) (Bequaert 1954: 133; Mexico); Haemorhous purpureus californicus (S. F. Baird) (Bequaert 1954: 131; USA); Haemorhous purpureus purpureus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 126, 128, 129, 130; Keirans 1967: 41; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Canada; USA); Helmitheros vermivorum (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 132; USA); Hylocichla mustelina (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1952: 152, 153, 154; 1954: 130, 132; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Icteria virens auricollis (W. Deppe) (Bequaert 1954: 128; USA); Icterus galbula (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1952: 153, 154; 1954: 128, 130, 131; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; USA); Ixoreus naevius naevius (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1952: 154; Canada); Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 126, 128, 129, 130, 131,132; MuellerMueller et al. 1969: 194; Savard & Ibarzabal 1996: 98; Reeves et al. 2004: 21; Canada; USA); Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnaeus) or J. hyemalis oreganus (J. K. Townsend) (Wilson & Haas 1980: 544; USA); Junco hyemalis mearnsi Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 127; USA); Junco hyemalis oreganus (J. K. Townsend) (Bequaert 1954: 125, 132; Canada, USA); Junco hyemalis shufeldti Coale (Bequaert 1954: 131; USA); Lagopus lagopus alba (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Swainson (Bequaert 1954: 125; Canada); Lanius ludovicianus migrans Palmer (Bequaert 1957: 574, 575; USA); Larus delawarensis Ord (Bequaert 1954: 125; Canada); Leiothlypis celata lutescens (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1954: 125; Canada); Leiothlypis peregrina (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Leiothlypis ruficapilla ruficapilla (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 129; Davis 1998: 87; Canada; USA); Loxia curvirostra bendirei Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Loxia curvirostra pusilla Gloger (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 127; Canada); Megascops asio mccallii (Cassin) (Bequaert 1954: 127; USA); Melospiza georgiana ericrypta Oberholser (Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Davis 1998: 87; Canada; USA); Melospiza georgiana georgiana (Latham) (Bequaert 1954: 128, 130, 131,133; Wilson 1964: 130; USA); Melospiza lincolnii gracilis (Kittlitz) (Bequaert 1954: 125; Canada); Melospiza lincolnii lincolnii (Audubon) (Bequaert 1954: 128, 129, 130, 131; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Melospiza melodia atlantica Todd (Reeves et al. 2004: 21; USA); Melospiza melodia gouldii S. F. Baird (Bequaert 1954: 127; USA); Melospiza melodia melodia (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1952: 153; 1954: 125, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Davis 1998: 87; 2015: 1; Goater et al. 2018: 113; Canada, USA); Melospiza melodia morphna Oberholser (Bequaert 1954: 131; USA); Melospiza sp. (Reeves 2022: 749; USA); Melozone crissalis petulans (Grinnell & Swarth,) (Bequaert 1954: 127; USA); Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 129; USA); Molothrus ater artemisiae Grinnell (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Molothrus ater ater (Boddaert) (Bequaert 1952: 152, 155; 1954: 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131; 1957: 575; Judd 1968: 807; Canada; USA); Myadestes townsendi townsendi (Audubon) (Bequaert 1954: 127, 131; USA); Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 127; Canada); Parkesia noveboracensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Davis 1998: 87; Canada, USA); Passer domesticus domesticus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 126; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Canada, USA); Passerculus sandwichensis princeps Maynard (Keirans 1967: 41; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; USA); Passerculus sandwichensis sandwichensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 128, 129; USA); Passerella iliaca iliaca (Merrem) (Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Davis 1998: 87; Canada, USA); Passerella iliaca zaboria Oberholser (Davis 2015: 2; Canada); Passerella iliaca ssp. (Merrem) (Bequaert 1954: 127; Wilson 1967: 352; Canada, USA); Passerina cyanea (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1957: 575; USA); Perisoreus canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 127; Canada); Phasianus colchicus ssp. Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 129; USA); Pheucticus ludovicianus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1952: 153; 1954: 129, 130; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus (Swainson) (Bequaert 1954: 125; Canada); Picoides arcticus (Swainson) (Bequaert 1954: 125, 126; Canada); Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1952: 152, 154; 1954: 128, 129, 130, 132; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Reeves et al. 2004: 21; USA); Pipilo maculatus falcifer McGregor (Bequaert 1952: 152; 1954: 127; USA); Piranga ludoviciana (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 125, 126; Canada); Piranga olivacea (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 130; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Davis 1998: 87; Canada; USA); Poecile atricapillus atricapillus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 128, 129; Keirans 1967: 41; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; Davis 1988: 87; Canada; USA); Poecile atricapillus septentrionalis (E. Harris) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Goater et al. 2018: 113; Canada; USA); Poecile hudsonicus hudsonicus (J. R. Forster) (Bequaert 1954: 125, 126; Canada); Poecile rufescens barlowi (Grinnell) (Bequaert 1954: 127; USA); Poecile sp. (Bequaert 1954: 130; USA); Pooecetes gramineus gramineus (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 128, 129; USA); Quiscalus quiscula quiscula (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1952: 154; 1954: 130; U.S.A); Quiscalus quiscula versicolor Vieillot (Bequaert 1954: 129, 130; Keirans 1967: 41; Maa 1969c: 249; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Canada; USA); Regulus satrapa satrapa M. H. C. Lichtenstein (Davis 1998: 87; Canada); Sayornis phoebe (Latham) (Keirans 1967: 41; Reeves et al. 2004: 21; USA); Sayornis saya saya (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 127; USA); Scolopax minor J. F. Gmelin (Bequaert 1954: 126, 127; Sheldon et al. 1956: 13; Bequaert 1957: 575; Canada; USA); Seiurus aurocapilla aurocapilla (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 130, 131; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Savard & Ibarzabal 1996: 99; Canada, USA); Setophaga americana (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 131; USA); Setophaga castanea (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 126; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Canada, USA); Setophaga citrina (Boddaert) (Bequaert 1954: 128; USA); Setophaga coronata coronata (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 130, 131; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Savard & Ibarzabal 1996: 98; Savard 1998: 111; Davis 1998: 87; Canada, USA); Setophaga magnolia (A. Wilson) (Savard & Ibarzabal 1996: 98; Canada); Setophaga petechia aestiva (J. F. Gmelin) (Davis 1998: 87; 2015: 1; Canada); Setophaga pinus pinus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 128; USA); Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 130; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Davis 1998: 87; Canada, USA); Setophaga striata (J. R. Forster) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Wheeler & Threlfall 1986: 631; Davis 1998: 87; Canada, USA); Setophaga tigrina (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Setophaga virens (J. F. Gmelin) (Davis 1998: 87; Canada); Sialia sialis sialis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 128, 130; Savard 1996: 86; Canada, USA); Sitta canadensis Linnaeus (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; Davis 1998: 87; Canada, USA); Sitta carolinensis carolinensis Latham (Bequaert 1954: 130, 131; USA); Sitta sp. (Bequaert 1954: 130; USA); Sphyrapicus nuchalis S. F. Baird (Bequaert 1954: 132; Goater et al. 2018: 113; Canada; USA); Sphyrapicus ruber ruber (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 126, 131; Canada; USA); Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 126; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Canada; USA); Spinus pinus pinus (A. Wilson) (Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; USA); Spizella passerina passerina (Bechstein) (Bequaert 1954: 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Canada, USA); Spizella pusilla pusilla (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 128, 131; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; USA); Spizelloides arborea arborea (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 129; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam) (Young et al. 1993: 279; USA); Surnia ulula caparoch (Statius Müller) (Bequaert 1954: 125; USA); Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Linnaeus (Boyd 1951: 59; Bequaert 1954: 130; Keirans 1967: 41; Reeves et al. 2007: 45; USA); Thryomanes bewickii spilurus (Vigors) (Bequaert 1954: 127; USA); Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus (Latham) (Bequaert 1954: 130; Reeves et al. 2004: 21; USA); Toxostoma rufum rufum (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1952: 154; 1954: 126, 128, 129, 130, 131; Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; Canada; USA); Troglodytes aedon aedon Vieillot (Bequaert 1954: 130, 132; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Turdus migratorius achrusterus (Batchelder) (Reeves et al. 2004: 21; USA); Turdus migratorius migratorius Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132; Wheeler & Threlfall 1986: 631; Canada, USA); Turdus migratorius nigrideus Aldrich & Nutt (Mueller et al. 1069: 193; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Turdus migratorius propinquus Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 131, 132; USA); Turdus migratorius ssp. Linnaeus (Bequaert 1954: 133; Mexico); Tympanuchus phasianellus ssp. (Linnaeus) (Dick 1981: 230; Canada); Tyrannus tyrannus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1954: 128; Keirans 1967: 41; Main & Anderson 1970: 302; Mckenzie & Mackenzie 1981: 719; Canada, USA); Vermivora cyanoptera (Olson & Reveal) (Bequaert 1954: 130; USA); Vireo olivaceus (Linnaeus) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; Davis 1998: 87; Canada, USA); Vireo gilvus gilvus (Vieillot) or Vireo gilvus swainsoni S. F. Baird (Goater et al. 2018: 113; Canada); Vireo griseus noveboracensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Vireo philadelphicus (Cassin) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Vireo solitarius solitarius (A. Wilson) (Mueller et al. 1969: 193; USA); Zonotrichia albicollis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1952: 152, 155; 1954: 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133; Wilson 1964: 130; 1967: 352; Mueller et al. 1969: 194; Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Savard & Ibarzabal 1996: 98; Davis 1998: 87; Savard 1998: 111; Canada, USA); Zonotrichia atricapilla (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1954: 127, 128; USA); Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (Nuttall) (Bequaert 1954: 125, 132, 133; Goater et al. 2018: 113; Canada, USA); Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli Ridgway (Bequaert 1954: 127; USA); Zonotrichia leucophrys nutalli Ridgway or Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis Grinnell (Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis Grinnell (Bequaert 1954: 126; Canada); Hawk (Bequaert 1952: 152; Canada); Chicken hawk (Bequaert 1954: 131; USA); “Passereau indétermine” (Savard 1988: 111; Canada); Native species of sparrow (Bequaert 1954: 128; USA); Unknown host (Davis 1998: 87; Canada); Warbler (Bequaert 1957: 575; USA); Unknown passerine (Mueller et al. 1969: 194; USA); No host (Bequaert 1952: 154; 1957: 575; Reeves 2022: 479; USA).

Ornithomyia bequaerti Maa

Distribution. Canada, United States of America.

Hosts. (6 orders, 13 families, 23 genera, 34 species/subspecies). Acanthis flammea flammea (Linnaeus) (Whitman & Wilson 1992: 68; USA); Acanthis flammea rostrata (Coues) (Savard 1998: 110; Canada); Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1954: 126, Levesque-Beaudin & Sinclair 2021: 171; Canada); Aegolius acadicus acadicus (J. F. Gmelin) (Maa 1969c: 249; Savard 1998: 110; Canada); Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot (Phillips & Fain 1991: 381; USA); Bonasa umbellus togata (Linnaeus) (Maa 1969c: 249; Canada); Canachites canadensis (Linnaeus) (Wilson & Haas 1980: 544; USA); Catharus guttatus auduboni (S. F. Baird) (Reeves 2022: 749; USA); Catharus swainsoni incanus (Godfrey) (Wilson & Haas 1980: 544; Whitman & Wilson 1992: 68; USA); Colaptes auratus cafer (J. F. Gmelin) (Maa 1969c: 249; Canada); Dryobates pubescens ssp. (Linnaeus) (Phillips & Fain 1991: 381; USA); Empidonax alnorum Brewster (Whitman & Wilson 1992: 68; USA); Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus (Levesque-Beaudin et al. 2020: 3; Canada); Haemorhous mexicanus frontalis (Say) (Reeves et al. 2004: 21; USA); Haemorhous purpureus californicus (S. F. Baird) (Maa 1969c: 249; Canada); Hylocichla mustelina (J. F. Gmelin) (Reeves et al. 2004: 21; USA); Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnaeus) (Main & Anderson 1970: 303; Wilson & Haas 1980: 544; Savard 1998: 110; Phillips & Fain 1991: 378; Whitman & Wilson 1992: 68; Canada, USA); Melospiza lincolnii ssp. (Audubon) (Whitman & Wilson 1992: 68; USA); Melospiza melodia atlantica Todd (Reeves et al. 2004: 21; USA); Myadestes townsendi townsendi (Audubon) (Reeves 2022: 479; USA); Perisoreus canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus) (Savard 1998: 110; Canada); Perisoreus canadensis pacificus (J. F. Gmelin) (Whitman & Wilson 1992: 68; USA); Pica hudsonia (Sabine) (Maa 1969c: 249; Canada); Picoides dorsalis dorsalis S. F. Baird (Savard 1998: 110; Canada); Poecile atricapillus atricapillus (Linnaeus) (Main & Anderson 1970: 302; USA); Setophaga coronata coronata (Linnaeus) (Whitman & Wilson 1992: 68; USA); Setophaga magnolia (A. Wilson) (Savard 1998: 110; Canada); Spinus pinus pinus (A. Wilson) (Savard 1998: 110; Canada); Spizelloides arborea ochracea (Brewster) (Whitman & Wilson 1992: 68; USA); Turdus migratorius migratorius Linnaeus (Whitman & Wilson 1992: 68; USA); Turdus migratorius propinquus (Reeves 2022: 749; USA); Zonotrichia albicollis (J. F. Gmelin) (Maa 1969c: 249; Canada); Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (Nuttall) (Phillips & Fain 1991: 378, 381, 382; Whitman & Wilson 1992: 68; USA); No host (Maa 1969c: 249, Canada).

Ornithomyia hoffmanae Bequaert

Distribution. Mexico.

Host (1 order, 1 genus, 1 species). Buteo plagiatus (Schlegel) (Bequaert 1954: 162).

Ornithomya parva Macquart

Distribution. Argentina, Chile, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Hosts (3 orders, 7 families, 12 genera, 13 species/subspecies). Agelasticus thilius thilius (Molina) (Bequaert 1954: 150; Chile); Agriornis lividus lividus (Kittlitz) (Bequaert 1954: 150; Chile); Atlantisia rogersi Lowe (Bequaert 1954: 150; Saint Helena, Ascenion and Tristan da Cunha); Caracara plancus plancus (J. F. Miller) (Bequaert 1954: 150; Argentina); Diuca diuca diuca (Molina) (Bequaert 1954: 150; Phillips & Fain 1991: 380; Chile); Embernagra platensis olivascens d'Orbigny (Bequaert 1954: 150: 150; Argentina); Gallinula comeri (J. A. Allen) (Bequaert 1954: 150; Saint Helena, Ascenion and Tristan da Cunha); Leistes superciliaris (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1954: 150; Chile); Nesospiza acunhae ssp. Cabanis (Bequaert 1954: 150; Saint Helena, Ascenion and Tristan da Cunha); Nesospiza wilkinsi Lowe (Bequaert 1954: 150; Saint Helena, Ascenion and Tristan da Cunha); Rowettia goughensis (W. E. Clarke) (Bequaert 1954: 150; Saint Helena, Ascenion and Tristan da Cunha); Turdus eremita gordoni (Stenhouse) (Bequaert 1954: 150; Saint Helena, Ascenion and Tristan da Cunha); Zonotrichia capensis chilensis (Meyen) (Bequaert 1954: 150; Chile)

Ornithomya sp.

Distribution. Canada.

Hosts (1 order, 3 families, 3 genera, e species/subpecies). Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus) (Wheeler & Threfall 1986: 631); Passer domesticus domesticus (Linnaeus) (Byers, K. & Proctor 2013: 671); Pinicola enucleator leucura (Statius Müller) (Wheeler & Threfall 1986: 631).

Pseudolynchia Bequaert Pseudolynchia brunnea (Latreille)

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, Suriname, United States of America.

Hosts (2 orders, 2 families, 7 genera, 10 species/subspecies). Antrostomus carolinensis (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 413, 414; 1957: 578; Cuba, USA); Antrostomus vociferus (A. Wilson) (Bequaert 1955: 413, 414; USA); Catharus fuscescens salicicola (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1955: 414; USA); Chordeiles acutipennis acutipennis (Hermann) (Bequaert 1955: 414; Panama); Chordeiles minor chapmani Coues (Bequaert 1955: 413; USA); Chordeiles minor minor (J. R. Forster) (Bequaert 1955: 413, 414; Brazil, Canada, USA); Hydropsalis torquata torquata (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 414; Brazil); Nyctidromus albicollis derbyanus Gould (Bequaert 1955: 414; Brazil); Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii (Audubon) (Bequaert 1955: 414; USA). Setopagis parvula (Gould) (Bequaert 1955: 414; Argentina); Nighthawk (Bequaert 1955: 414; Argentina, Brazil); No host (Bequaert 1955: 414; Maa 1969c: 256; Cuba, Mexico, Suriname).

Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart)

Distribution. Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kits and Nevis, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Virgin Islands of the United States.

Hosts (3 orders, 3 families, 6 genera, 8 species/subspecies). Buteogallus aequinoctialis (J. F. Gmelin) (GREDILHA et al. 2008: 111; Brazil); Columba livia J. F. Gmelin (Bequaert 1952: 158, 159; 1955: 396, 397, 398; 1957: 578; Shuurmans-Stekhoven et al. 1957: 490; Maa 1962: 602; Dale 1969: 49; Gregor et al. 1973: 185; Sanders & Petersen 1974: 287; Carneiro et al. 1975: 40; Klei & Degiusti 1975: 131; Lima 1976: 32; Harlan & Kramer 1979: 83; Feres & Flechtmann 1991: 156; Oliveira et al. 2000: 55; Owiny & French 2000: 229; Resende et al. 2001: 361; Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Arcoverde et al. 2007: 136; Marques et al. 2007: 185; Valim & GAZÊTA 2007: 518; Marcelino et al. 2009: 579; Marques et al. 2010: 225; Rodríguez et al. 2011: 89; Amaral et al. 2013B: 2929; Murgas et al. 2014: 65; Nuapay et al. 2015: 262; Pérez-García et al. 2015: 373; Arévalo-Cortés et al. 2016: 100; Castro et al. 2017: 429; García et al. 2018: 351; Walteros-Casas et al. 2021: 4; NOGUEIRA et al. 2023: 2; Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, Virgin Islands of the United States); Columbina squammata squammata (Lesson) (Adriano & Cordeiro 2001: 177; Brazil); Columbina talpacoti talpacoti (Temminck) (Bequaert 1957: 578; Adriano & Cordeiro 2001: 177; Brazil); Ramphastos toco albogularis (Cabanis) (Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Spizaetus ornatus vicarius Friedmann (Iñigo et al. 1987: 671; Mexico); Zenaida asiatica asiatica (Linnaeus) (Conti & Forrester 1981: 531; USA); Zenaida auriculata chrysauchenia Reichenbach (Adriano & Cordeiro 2001: 177; Brazil); No host (Bequaert 1955: 397, 398; Maa 1966: 130; Da-Silva et al. 2016: 9; Graciolli et al. 2017: 3; Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela, Virgin Islands of the United States).

Pseudolynchia sp.

Distribution. Brazil, Colombia.

Hosts (3 orders, 3 families, 5 genera, 5 species/subspecies). Ardea alba egretta (J. F. Gmelin) (Santos et al. 2015: 791; Brazil); Asio stygius robustus Kelso (Parra-Henao et al. 2011: 32; Colombia); Bubulcus ibis ibis (Linnaeus) (Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Megascops choliba ssp. (Parra-Henao et al. 2011: 32; Colombia); Momotus momota microstephanus (Sclater) (Parra-Henao et al. 2011: 32; Colombia)

Stilbometopa Coquillett
Stilbometopa fulvifrons (Walker)

Distribution. Bahamas, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, United States of America.

Hosts (4 orders, 5 families, 6 genera, 9 species/subspecies). Colinus virginianus cubanensis (G. R. Gray) (Bequaert 1955: 252; Jamaica); Coccyzus merlini decolor (Bangs & Zappey) (Bequaert 1957: 577, Cuba); Coccyzus vetula (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 252; Jamaica); Geotrygon chrysia Bonaparte (Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Cuba); Geotrygon montana montana (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 252; Jamaica); Geotrygon versicolor (Lafresnaye) (Bequaert 1955: 252; Jamaica); Hylocichla mustelina (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 251; USA); Patagioenas leucocephala (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 252; Cuba); Quiscalus niger gundlachii Cassin (Bequaert 1955: 252; Phillips & Fain 1991: 380, Cuba); “Pigeon” (Bequaert 1955: 252; Cuba); No host (Bequaert 1955: 252; Bahamas, Costa Rica).

Stilbometopa impressa (Bigot)

Distribution. Mexico, United States of America.

Hosts (4 orders, 6 families, 7 genera, 12 species/subspecies). Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) (Bequaert 1955: 241; USA); Aphelocoma coerulescens (Bosc) (Mcclure 1984: 231; USA); Callipepla californica achrustera (J. L. Peters) (Llinas & Jiménez 1996: 339; USA); Callipepla californica brunnescens (Ridgway) (Bequaert 1955: 241; Tarshis 1955: 467; USA); Callipepla californica californica (Shaw) (Bequaert 1955: 241; Tarshis 1955: 467; Mcclure 1984: 231; USA); Callipepla douglasii bensoni Ridgway (Bequaert 1955: 242; Mexico); Callipepla gambelii gambelii (Gambel) (Bequaert 1955: 241; 242; Gullion 1957: 416; USA); Callipepla squamata pallida Brewster, 1881 (Bequaert 1955: 242; USA); Gallus gallus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 241; USA); Melospiza melodia ssp. (A. Wilson) (Mcclure 1984: 233; USA); Oreortyx pictus (Douglas) (Bequaert 1955: 241; USA); Spilopelia chinensis chinensis (Scopoli) (Mcclure 1984: 231; USA).

Stilbometopa legtersi Bequaert

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil, Mexico.

Hosts (1 order, 2 families, 2 genera, 4 species/subspecies). Gallus gallus (Linnaeus) (Graciolli & Carvalho 2003: 668; Brazil); Ortalis canicollis canicollis (Wagler) (Bequaert 1955: 260; Argentina); Ortalis canicollis pantanalensis Cherrie & Reichenberger (Bequaert 1955: 256; Brazil); Ortalis poliocephala (Wagler) (Bequaert 1955: 260; Mexico); No host (Bequaert 1955: 260; Brazil, Mexico).

Stilbometopa podopostyla Speiser

Distribution. Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, United States of America, Venezuela.

Hosts (4 orders, 6 families, 12 genera, 21 species/ subspecies). Callipepla californica californica (Shaw) (Furman & Tarshis 1953: 70; USA); Chamaeza campanisona campanisona (Lichtenstein) (Bequaert 1955: 247; Brazil); Columba livia J. F. Gmelin (Bequaert 1955: 247, 248; Colombia, Ecuador); Columbina squammata squammata (Lesson) (Bequaert 1955: 247; Brazil); Crypturellus boucardi boucardi (P. L. Sclater) (Bequaert 1955 Bequaert 1955: 247; Guatemala); Crypturellus obsoletus obsoletus (Temminck) (Bequaert 1955: 247; Brazil); Gallus gallus (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 248; Paraguay); Geotrygon montana montana (Linnaeus) (Gomes et al. 2021: 80; Brazil); Leptotila verreauxi chalcauchenia P. L. Sclater & Salvin (Bequaert 1955: 248; Argentina); Leptotila verreauxi decipiens (Salvadori) (Bequaert 1952: 155; 1955: 248; Brazil); Leptotila verreauxi fulviventris Lawrence (Bequaert 1955: 247; Mexico); Leptotila verreauxi verreauxi Bonaparte (Bequaert 1955: 247; Venezuela); Leptotila sp. (Bequaert 1957: 577; Belize); Ortalis squamata (Lesson) (Bequaert 1955: 247; Brazil); Patagioenas cayennensis sylvestris (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 247; Brazil); Tinamus major olivascens Conover (Bequaert 1955: 247; Brazil); Tinamus solitarius (Vieillot) (Bequaert 1955: 247; Brazil); Zenaida asiatica asiatica (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 247; Stabler 1961: 309; Conti & Forrester 1981: 531; USA); Zenaida auriculata caucae Chapman (Ayala et al. 1977: 412; Colombia); Zenaida auriculata chrysauchenia Reichenbach (Teixeira et al. 2023: 1179; Brazil); Zenaida macroura carolinensis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 247; USA); Zenaida macroura marginella (Woodhouse) (Bequaert 1955: 247; Couch et al. 1961: 441; Couch 1963: 140; Greiner 1975: 152; Mexico, USA); Dove (Bequaert 1955: 247; Brazil); Wild pigeon (Bequaert 1955: 247; USA); No host (Bequaert 1955: 247, 248; Maa 1962: 599; 1969c: 253; Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, Guyana, Honduras, Peru).

Stilbometopa ramphastonis Ferris

Distribution. Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama.

Hosts (6 orders, 6 families, 7 genera, 9 species/subspecies). Buteogallus gundlachii (Cabanis) (Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Cuba); Patagioenas leucocephala (Linnaeus) (Gregor et al. 1973: 184; Cuba); Patagioenas speciosa (J. F. Gmelin) (Bequaert 1955: 254; Panama); Pipile jacutinga (Spix) (Bequaert 1955: 255; Brazil); Pteroglossus viridis (Linnaeus) (Bequaert 1955: 255; Ecuador); Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii Gould (Bequaert 1955: 254; Panama); Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus Lesson (Bequaert 1955: 254; Guatemala); Trogon surrucura aurantius (Spix) (Bequaert 1955: 254; Brazil); Tyrannus savana Daudin (Bequaert 1955: 254; Brazil); Wild pigeon (Bequaert 1955: 254; Costa Rica); No host (Bequaert 1955 Bequaert 1955: 254; Maa 1969c: 253; Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic).

Stilbometopa sp.

Distribution, Brazil

Hosts (1 order, 1 family, 2 genera, 3 species/subspecies). Columbina squammata squammata (Lesson) (Adriano & Cordeiro 2001: 177); Columbina talpacoti talpacoti (Temminck) (Adriano & Cordeiro 2001: 177); Zenaida auriculata chrysauchenia Reichenbach (Adriano & Cordeiro 2001: 177).

Part 2: Avian hosts of American Hippoboscidae

[Host species in bold font; louse fly species in regular font.]

ACCIPITRIFORMES Bonaparte
ACCIPITRIDAE Vigors
Accipiter bicolor bicolor (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Accipiter bicolor pileatus (Temminck)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya avicularia
Stilbometopa impressa
Accipiter gentilis atricapillus (A. Wilson)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Accipiter gundlachi Lawrence ssp.
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Accipiter striatus chionogaster (Kaup)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Accipiter striatus erythronemius (Kaup)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Accipiter striatus velox (A. Wilson)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Ornithomya avicularia
Accipiter striatus venator Wetmore
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Accipiter striatus ventralis P. L. Sclater
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Aquila chrysaetos canadensis (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Busarellus nigricollis nigricollis (Latham)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoica vicina
Buteo brachyurus brachyurus Vieillot
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Buteo galapagoensis (Gould)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Microlynchia galapogoensis
Buteo jamaicensis borealis (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Buteo jamaicensis calurus Cassin
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Ridgway
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Buteo jamaicensis kriderii Hoopes
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Buteo lagopus sanctijohannis (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Buteo lineatus lineatus (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Buteo plagiatus (Schlegel)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithomya hoffmanae
Buteo platypterus antillarum A. H. Clark
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Buteo platypterus brunnescens Danforth & Smyth
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Buteo platypterus rivierei A. H. Verrill
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Buteo Lesson sp.
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Note. The genus Buteo has been split (see Lerner et al. 2008) and therefore many hippoboscid species may be known from other host genera.
Buteogallus aequinoctialis (J. F. Gmelin)
Pseudolynchia canariensis
Buteogallus anthracinus anthracinus (W. Deppe)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Buteogallus gundlachii (Cabanis)
Stilpometoba ramphastonis
Buteogallus meridionalis (Latham)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Buteogallus solitarius solitarius (Tschudi)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Buteogallus urubitinga ridgwayi (Gurney, Sr)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Buteogallus urubitinga urubitinga (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoica vicina
Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus (Temminck)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Circus cinereus Vieillot
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Elanoides forficatus yetapa (Vieillot)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Elanus leucurus leucurus (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Gampsonyx swainsonii swainsonii Vigors
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis Swann
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Geranoaetus melanoleucus melanoleucus (Vieillot)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Geranospiza caerulescens nigra (Du Bus de Gisignies)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Olfersia fumipennis
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus (Latham)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Harpagus diodon (Temminck)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ictinia mississippiensis (Wilson)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ictinia plumbea (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Leptodon cayanensis cayanensis (Latham)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Morphnarchus princeps (P. L. Sclater)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Parabuteo leucorrhous (Quoy & Gaimard)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus (Temminck)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Pseudastur albicollis costaricensis (W. L. Sclater)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Rupornis magnirostris conspectus J. L. Peters
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda (Ridgway)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Rupornis magnirostris magniplumis (A. W. Bertoni)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Rupornis magnirostris pucherani (J. P. Verreaux & J. B. É.
Verreaux)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Rupornis magnirostris saturatus (P. L. Sclater & Salvin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Spizaetus isidori (Des Murs)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Spizaetus ornatus ornatus (Daudin)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Spizaetus ornatus vicarius Friedmann
Pseudolynchia canariensis
Spizaetus tyrannus tyrannus (Wied)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
PANDIONIDAE Bonaparte
Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Olfersia fumipennis
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithomya anchineuria
Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi Maynard
Olfersia fumipennis
ANSERIFORMES Linnaeus
ANATIDAE Leach
Amazonetta brasiliensis ipecutiri (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Anas crecca carolinensis J. F. Gmelin
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Branta canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
APODIFORMES Peters
APODIDAE Olphe-Galliard
Aeronautes montivagus montivagus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye)
Myophthiria neotropica
Aeronautes saxatalis saxatalis (Woodhouse)
Myophthiria fimbriata
Cypseloides niger borealis (Kennerly)
Myophthiria fimbriata
Streptoprocne rutila brunnitorques (Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
TROCHILIDAE Vigors
Phaethornis longirostris cephalus (Bourcier & Mulsant)
Ornithoctona nitens
CAPRIMULGIFORMES Ridgway
CAPRIMULGIDAE Vigors
Antrostomus carolinensis (J. F. Gmelin)
Microlynchia pussila
Pseudolynchia brunnea
Antrostomus vociferus (A. Wilson)
Pseudolynchia brunnea
Chordeiles acutipennis acutipennis (Hermann)
Pseudolynchia brunnea
Chordeiles gundlachii gundlachii Lawrence
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Chordeiles minor chapmani Coues
Pseudolynchia brunnea
Chordeiles minor minor (J. R. Forster)
Pseudolynchia brunnea
Hydropsalis torquata torquata (J. F. Gmelin)
Pseudolynchia brunnea
Nyctidromus albicollis derbyanus Gould
Pseudolynchia brunnea
Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii (Audubon)
Pseudolynchia brunnea
Setopagis parvula (Gould)
Pseudolynchia brunnea
Siphonorhis americana (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Note. See note under Ornithoctona erythrocephala from Jamaica (Part 1).
CARIAMIFORMES Fürbringer
CARIAMIDAE Bonaparte
Cariama cristata (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
CATHARTIFORMES Seebohm
CATHARTIDAE Lafresnaye
Cathartes aura aura Linnaeus
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Olfseria bisulcata
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithomya anchineuria
Cathartes aura jota (Molina)
Olfersia bisulcata
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Cathartes aura ruficollis Spix
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Olfersia bisulcata
Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Coragyps atratus atratus (Bechstein)
Olfersia bisulcata
Coragyps atratus brasiliensis (Bonaparte)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Olfersia bisulcata
Olfersia sordida
Sarcoramphus papa (Linnaeus)
Olfersia bisulcata
Vultur gryphus Linnaeus
Olfersia bisulcata
CHARADRIIFORMES Huxley
ALCIDAE Leach
Uria lomvia lomvia (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
JACANIDAE Chenu & Des Murs
Jacana jacana hypomelaena (G. R. Gray)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
LARIDAE Rafinesque
Anous stolidus stolidus (Linnaeus)
Olfersia aenescens
Larosterna inca (Lesson & Garnot)
Olfersia fossulata
Larus belcheri Vigors
Olfersia fossulata
Larus delawarensis Ord
Ornithomya anchineuria
Leucophaeus fuliginosus (Gould)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Onychoprion anaethetus nelsoni (Ridgway)
Olfersia aenescens
Onychoprion fuscatus crissalis (Lawrence)
Olfersia aenescens
Sterna Linnaeus sp.
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Note. The taxonomy of the host genus Sterna was revised (Bridge et al. 2005), and many hippoboscid species may now be known to be associated with other genera.
SCOLOPACIDAE Rafinesque
Scolopax minor J. F. Gmelin
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithomya anchineuria
Gallinago nobilis (P. L. Sclater)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Tringa melanoleuca (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
CICONIIFORMES Bonaparte
CICONIIDAE Sundevall
Jabiru mycteria (M. H. C. Lichtenstein)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Mycteria americana Linnaeus
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
COLUMBIFORMES Latham
COLUMBIDAE Leach
Claravis pretiosa (Ferrari-Pérez)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Columba livia J. F. Gmelin ssp.
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Pseudolynchia canariensis
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Note. We included all reports of hippoboscids because many papers do not indicate whether the Columba livia were from feral or domestic populations.
Columbina cruziana (Prévost)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Columbina inca (Lesson)
Microlynchia pussila
Columbina passerina nigrirostris (Danforth)
Microlynchia pussila
Columbina passerina pallescens (S. F. Baird)
Microlynchia pussila
Columbina passerina portoricensis (Lowe)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Columbina squammata squammata (Lesson)
Microlynchia pusilla
Pseudolynchia canariensis
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Stilbometopa sp.
Columbina talpacoti talpacoti (Temminck)
Microlynchia pussila
Pseudolynchia canariensis
Stilbometopa sp.
Geotrygon chrysia Bonaparte
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Stilbometopa fulvifrons
Geotrygon leucometopia (Chapman)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Geotrygon montana montana (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Stilbometopa fulvifrons
Geotrygon mystacea (Temminck)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Geotrygon versicolor (Lafresnaye)
Stilbometopa fulvifrons
Geotrygon violacea albiventer Lawrence
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Leptotila jamaicensis jamaicensis (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Leptotila plumbeiceps plumbeiceps P. L. Sclater & Salvin
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Leptotila rufaxilla reichenbachii Pelzeln
Microlynchia pusila
Ornithomya ambigua
Leptotila verreauxi approximans Cory
Microlynchia pussila
Leptotila verreauxi chalcauchenia P. L. Sclater & Salvin
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Leptotila verreauxi decipiens (Salvadori)
Microlynchia pussila
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Leptotila verreauxi fulviventris Lawrence
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Leptotila verreauxi verreauxi Bonaparte
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Leptotila Swainson sp.
Stilbometopa impressa
Metriopelia ceciliae ceciliae (Lesson)
Microlynchia pussila
Paraclaravis mondetoura inca (van Rossem)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Paraclaravis mondetoura pulchra (Griscom)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Patagioenas albilinea albilinea (Bonaparte)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Patagioenas cayennensis sylvestris (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Microlynchia crypturelli
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Patagioenas inornata exigua (Ridgway)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Patagioenas inornata inortata (Vigors)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Patagioenas inornata wetmorei (J. L. Peters)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Patagioenas leucocephala (Linnaeus)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Stilbometopa fulvifrons
Stilpometoba ramphastonis
Patagioenas picazuro picazuro (Temminck)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoctona sp.
Patagioenas picazuro (Temminck) ssp.
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Patagioenas plumbea bogotensis Berlepsch & Leverkühn
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Patagioenas speciosa (J. F. Gmelin)
Stilpometoba ramphastonis
Patagioenas squamosa (Bonnaterre)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Patagioenas Reichenbach sp.
Microlynchia pussila
Spilopelia chinensis chinensis (Scopoli)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Stilbometopa impressa
Note. Spilopelia chinensis chinensis is an introduced species in the Americas and is originally from Asia (BATISTA et al. 2018).
Zenaida asiatica asiatica (Linnaeus)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Pseudolynchia canariensis
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Zenaida asiatica mearnsi (Ridgway)
Microlynchia pussila
Zenaida auriculata caucae Chapman
Microlynchia pussila
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Zenaida auriculata chrysauchenia Reichenbach
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Pseudolynchia canariensis
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Stilbometopa sp.
Zenaida auriculata hypoleuca Bonaparte
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Zenaida auriculata stenura Bonaparte
Microlynchia pussila
Zenaida aurita aurita (Temminck)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Zenaida aurita zenaida (Bonaparte)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Zenaida galapagoensis galapagoensis Gould
Microlynchia galapogoensis
Zenaida macroura carolinensis (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Zenaida macroura macroura (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Zenaida macroura marginella (Woodhouse)
Microlynchia pussila
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Zenaida meloda (Tschudi)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Zentrygon frenata bourcieri (Bonaparte)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Zentrygon linearis linearis (Prévost)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
CORACIIFORMES Forbes
ALCEDINIDAE Rafinesque
Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
MOMOTIDAE Gray
Baryphthengus ruficapillus (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) latifacies
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Momotus aequatorialis aequatorialis Gould
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Momotus aequatorialis chlorolaemus Berlepsch & Stolzmann
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Momotus coeruliceps (Gould)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Momotus lessonii lessonii Lesson
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Momotus mexicanus Swainson ssp.
Microlynchia pussila
Momotus momota microstephanus (Sclater)
Pseudolynchia sp.
Momotus subrufescens P. L. Sclater ssp.
Ornithoctona fusciventris
CUCULIFORMES Wagler
CUCULIDAE Leach
Coccyzus merlini decolor (Bangs & Zappey)
Stilbometopa fulvifrons
Coccyzus vetula (Linnaeus)
Stilbometopa fulvifrons
Coccyzus vieilloti (Bonaparte)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Dromococcyx phasianellus (Spix)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Geococcyx californianus (Lesson)
Microlynchia pussila
Piaya cayana macroura Gambel
Icosta (Ornithoponus) latifacies
Ornithoica vicina
Piaya cayana mehleri Bonaparte
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Piaya cayana nigricrissa (Cabanis)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) latifacies
Piaya cayana pallescens (Cabanis & Heine)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
EURYPYGIFORMES Fürbringer
EURYPYGIDAE Selby
Eurypyga helias helias (Pallas)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Eurypyga helias major Hartlaub
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
FALCONIFORMES Bonaparte
FALCONIDAE Leach
Caracara plancus cheriway (Jacquin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Caracara plancus plancus (J. F. Miller)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithomya parva
Ibycter americanus (Boddaert)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Daptrius ater Vieillot
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Falco columbarius columbarius Linnaeus
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithomya anchineuria
Falco deiroleucus Temminck
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Falco femoralis femoralis Temminck
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Falco mexicanus Schlegel
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Falco peregrinus tundrius White
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Falco sparverius caribaearum J. F. Gmelin
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithomya bequaerti
Falco sparverius cearae (Cory)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Falco sparverius cinnamominus Swainson
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Falco sparverius dominicensis J. F. Gmelin
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Falco sparverius peruvianus (Cory)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Falco sparverius sparverioides Vigors
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya avicularia
Ornithomya bequaerti
Falco Linnaeus sp.
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Micrastur gilvicollis (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Micrastur ruficollis guerilla Cassin
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Micrastur ruficollis interstes Bangs
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Micrastur ruficollis zonothorax (Cabanis)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Micrastur ruficollis (Vieillot) ssp.
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Micrastur semitorquatus naso (Lesson)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Milvago chimachima chimachima (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Milvago chimango chimango (Vieillot)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
GALBULIFORMES Fürbringer
BUCCONIDAE Vigors
Monasa morphoeus grandior (P. L. Sclater & Salvin)
Ornithoica vicina
GALLIFORMES Linnaeus
CRACIDAE Rafinesque
Chamaepetes goudotii goudotii (Lesson)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Chamaepetes goudotii sanctaemarthae Chapman
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Crax alberti Fraser
Olfersia coriacea
Crax alector alector Linnaeus
Icosta (Ornithoponus) plaumanni
Olfersia coriacea
Crax alector erythrognatha P. L. Sclater & Salvin
Olfersia coriacea
Crax blumenbachii Spix
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Crax fasciolata fasciolata Spix
Olfersia coriacea
Crax rubra rubra Linnaeus
Olfersia coriacea
Crax Linnaeus sp.
Olfersia coriacea
Ortalis canicollis canicollis (Wagler)
Stilbometopa legtersi
Ortalis canicollis pantanalensis Cherrie & Reichenberger
Stilbometopa legtersi
Ortalis columbiana Hellmayr
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ortalis poliocephala (Wagler)
Stilbometopa legtersi
Ortalis squamata (Lesson)
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Ortalis vetula mccalli Baird
Olfersia sp.
Ortalis vetula pallidiventris Ridgway
Olfersia coriacea
Ortalis vetula vetula (Wagler)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) plaumanni
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Penelope argyrotis argyrotis (Bonaparte)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Penelope argyrotis colombiana Todd
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Penelope montagnii montagnii (Bonaparte)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Penelope obscura Temminck
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Penelope purpurascens purpurascens Wagler
Olfersia coriacea
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Penelope Merrem sp.
Olfersia coriacea
Penelopina nigra (Fraser)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Pipile jacutinga (Spix)
Stilpometoba ramphastonis
ODONTOPHORIDAE Gould
Callipepla californica achrustera (J. L. Peters)
Microlynchia pussila
Stilbometopa impressa
Callipepla californica brunnescens (Ridgway)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Stilbometopa impressa
Callipepla californica californica (Shaw)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Stilbometopa impressa
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Callipepla douglasii bensoni Ridgway
Stilbometopa impressa
Callipepla gambelii gambelii (Gambel)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Stilbometopa impressa
Callipepla squamata pallida Brewster
Microlynchia pussila
Stilbometopa impressa
Colinus cristatus sonnini (Temminck)
Microlynchia pussila
Colinus virginianus cubanensis (G. R. Gray)
Stilbometopa fulvifrons
Note. Colinus virginianus cubanensis was introduced to
Jamaica from Cuba (Carroll, J. P. & Kirwan 2018).
Colinus virginianus mexicanus (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Colinus virginianus virginianus (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithomya anchineuria
Dactylortyx thoracicus (Gambel) ssp.
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Odontophorus capueira capueira (Spix)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) plaumanni
Odontophorus gujanensis castigatus Bangs
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Odontophorus guttatus (Gould)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Odontophorus hyperythrus Gould
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Odontophorus strophium (Gould)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Odontophorus Vieillot sp.
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Oreortyx pictus (Douglas)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Stilbometopa impressa
PHASIANIDAE Horsfield
Bonasa umbellus togata (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Bonasa umbellus umbelloides (Douglas)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Bonasa umbellus umbellus (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithomya anchineuria
Bonasa umbellus yukonensis Grinnell
Ornithomya anchineuria
Canachites canadensis (Linnaeus)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Canachites franklinii (Douglas)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonaparte)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Dendragapus fuliginosus fuliginosus (Ridgway)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Dendragapus obscurus obscurus (Say)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii (Douglas)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Ornithomya anchineuria
Gallus gallus (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Stilbometopa impressa
Stilbometopa legtersi
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Note. These American records are from introduced domestic Gallus gallus.
Lagopus lagopus alba (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Meleagris ocellata Cuvier
Olfersia coriacea
Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo Linnaeus
Olfersia coriacea
Note. Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo was introduced to Brazil as a domestic poultry animal (Porter & kirwan 2018).
Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Vieillot
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Olfersia sp.
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus ssp.
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithomya anchineuria
Note. Several introduced and domesticated races of Phasianus colchicus were brought to America and it is not possible to identify exactly which ones are associated with these hippoboscid records (Mcgowan et al. 2018).
Tympanuchus phasianellus (Linnaeus) ssp.
Ornithomya anchineuria
GAVIIFORMES Wetmore & Miller
GAVIIDAE Forster
Gavia immer (Brünnich)
Olfersia fumipennis
GRUIFORMES Bonaparte
ARAMIDAE Bonaparte
Aramus guarauna pictus (F. A. A. Meyer)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
RALLIDAE Rafinesque
Atlantisia rogersi Lowe
Ornihtomyia parva
Coturnicops noveboracensis noveboracensis (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) holoptera
Gallinula comeri (J. A. Allen)
Ornihtomyia parva
Gallinula galeata cachinnans Bangs
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Porphyrio martinica (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Porzana carolina (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Rallus limicola limicola Vieillot
Icosta (Ardmoeca) holoptera
PASSERIFORMES Linnaeus
AEGITHALIDAE Reinchenbach
Psaltriparus minimus minimus (J. K. Townsend)
Ornithoica vicina
BOMBYCYLLIDAE Swainson
Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
CARDINALIDAE Ridgway
Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Cyanoloxia cyanoides concreta du Bus de Gisignies
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Passerina amoena Say
Ornithoica vicina
Passerina cyanea (Linnaeus)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Pheucticus ludovicianus (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus (Swainson)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithomya anchineuria
Piranga bidentata citrea van Rossem
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Piranga bidentata sanguinolenta Lafresnaye
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Piranga hepatica hepatica Swainson
Ornithoica vicina
Piranga leucoptera leucoptera Trudeau
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Piranga ludoviciana (A. Wilson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Piranga olivacea (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Piranga rubra rubra (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithoica vicina
CERTHIIDAE Leach
Certhia americana nigrescens Burleigh
Ornithomya anchineuria
Certhia americana occidentalis Ridgway
Ornithomya anchineuria
CINCLIDAE Sundevall
Cinclus mexicanus unicolor Bonaparte
Ornithoica vicina
CORVIDAE Leach
Aphelocoma californica californica (Vigors)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Aphelocoma coerulescens (Bosc)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Stilbometopa impressa
Aphelocoma woodhouseii woodhouseii (S. F. Baird)
Ornithoica vicina
Calocitta formosa formosa (Swainson)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos C. L. Brehm
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis Ridgway
Ornithomya anchineuria
Corvus jamaicensis J. F. Gmelin
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Corvus ossifragus A. Wilson
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Cyanocitta cristata bromia Oberholser
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Cyanocitta cristata cristata (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis (Ridgway)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Ornithoica vicina
Cyanocitta stelleri stelleri (Gmelin)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Cyanocorax coeruleus (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoica vicina
Cyanocorax cristatellus (Temminck)
Ornithoica vicina
Cyanocorax yncas cyanodorsalis (A. J. C. Dubois)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Cyanolyca cucullata mitrata Ridgway
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Perisoreus canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Perisoreus canadensis pacificus (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithomya bequaerti
Pica hudsonia (Sabine)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya bequaerti
COTINGIDAE Bonaparte
Cephalopterus ornatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
Ornithoica vicina
Pyroderus scutatus scutatus (Shaw)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoica vicina
FORMICARIIDAE
Chamaeza campanisona campanisona (M. H. C.
Lichtenstein)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) plaumanni
Stilbometopa podopostyla
FRINGILLIDAE
Acanthis flammea flammea (Linnaeus)
Ornithomya bequaerti
Acanthis flammea rostrata (Coues)
Ornithomya bequaerti
Coccothraustes vespertinus brooksi Grinnell
Ornithomya anchineuria
Coccothraustes vespertinus vespertinus (W. Cooper)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithomya anchineuria
Haemorhous mexicanus frontalis (Say)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Haemorhous mexicanus mexicanus (Statius Müller)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Haemorhous mexicanus (Statius Müller) ssp.
Ornithoica vicina
Haemorhous purpureus californicus (S. F. Baird)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Haemorhous purpureus purpureus (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Loxia curvirostra bendirei Ridgway
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithomya anchineuria
Loxia curvirostra pusilla Gloger
Ornithomya anchineuria
Pinicola enucleator leucura (Statius Müller)
Ornithomya sp.
Spinus pinus pinus (A. Wilson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Spinus tristis salicamans Grinnell
Ornithoica vicina
FURNARIIDAE Gray
Anabacerthia striaticollis striaticollis Lafresnaye
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger lacrymiger (Des Murs)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Margarornis squamiger squamiger (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Sclerurus scansor (Ménétries)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Synallaxis unirufa unirufa Lafresnaye
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Syndactilarufosuperciliatarufosuperciliata(Lafresnaye)
Ornithoica vicina
Thripadectes flammulatus flammulatus (Eyton)
Ornithoica vicina
Xenops rutilans rutilans Temminck
Ornithomya ambigua
GRALLARIDAE Sclater & Salvin
Grallaria rufula Lafresnaye
Ornithoctona fusciventris
HIRUNDINIDAE Rafinesque
Alopochelidon fucata (Temminck)
Crataerina seguyi
Orochelidon murina murina (Cassin)
Crataerina seguyi
Progne chalybea macrorhamphus Brooke
Ornithomya ambigua
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca cyanoleuca (Vieillot)
Ornithomya ambigua
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca patagonica (d'Orbigny &
Lafresnaye)
Crataerina seguyi
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ruficollis (Vieillot)
Ornithomya ambigua
Tachycineta albiventer (Boddaert)
Ornithomya ambigua
Tachycineta thalassina thalassina (Swainson)
Myophthiria fimbriata
ICTERIDAE
Agelaius phoeniceus phoeniceus (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Agelasticus thilius thilius (Molina)
Ornithomya parva
Dives warczewiczi kalinowskii Berlepsch & Stolzmann
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Euphagus carolinus carolinus (Statius Müller)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Euphagus cyanocephalus (Wagler)
Ornithoica vicina
Icteria virens auricollis (W. Deppe)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Icterus bullocki (Swainson)
Ornithoica vicina
Icterus galbula (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Icterus mesomelas mesomelas (Wagler)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Leistes superciliaris (Bonaparte)
Ornithomya parva
Molothrus ater artemisiae Grinnell
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Molothrus ater ater (Boddaert)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Molothrus ater obscurus (J. F. Gmelin)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Psarocolius decumanus decumanus (Pallas)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Quiscalus quiscula quiscula (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Quiscalus quiscula stonei Chapman
Ornithoica vicina
Quiscalus quiscula versicolor Vieillot
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Quiscalus niger gundlachii Cassin
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Stilbometopa fulvifrons
Sturnella magna magna (Linnaeus)
Microlynchia pussila
Sturnella magna meridionalis P. L. Sclater
Ornihtoctona fusciventris
Sturnella neglecta neglecta Audubon
Microlynchia pussila
LANIIDAE Rafinesque
Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Swainson
Ornithomya anchineuria
Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli Oberholser
Ornithoica vicina
Lanius ludovicianus migrans Palmer
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithomya anchineuria
MIMIDAE Bonaparte
Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Mimus longicaudatus longicaudatus Tschudi
Ornithoica vicina
Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vigors)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Mimus polyglottos polyglottos (Linnaeus)
Microlynchia pussila
Toxostoma crissale crissale Henry
Microlynchia pussila
Toxostoma curvirostre curvirostre (Swainson)
Microlynchia pussila
Toxostoma redivivum redivivum (Gambel)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Toxostoma rufum rufum (Linnaeus)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
MOTACILLIDAE Hornsfield
Anthus rubescens (Tunstall) spp.
Ornithomya anchineuria
PARIDAE Vigors
Baeolophus bicolor (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Baeolophus inornatus inornatus (Gambel)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Baeolophus inornatus (Gambel) ssp.
Ornithoica vicina
Baeolophus Cabanis sp.
Ornithomya anchineuria
Poecile atricapillus atricapillus (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Poecile atricapillus septentrionalis (E. Harris)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Poecile hudsonicus hudsonicus (J. R. Forster)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Poecile hudsonicus littoralis (H. Bryant)
Ornithoica vicina
Poecile rufescens barlowi (Grinnell)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Poecile Kaup sp.
Ornithomya anchineuria
PARULIDAE Wetmore, Friedmann, Lincoln, Miller, Peters, van Rossem, Van Tyne & Zimmer
Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi Ridgway
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Cardellina canadensis (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Geothlypis formosa (A. Wilson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Geothlypis philadelphia (A. Wilson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Geothlypis trichas arizela Oberholser
Ornithomya anchineuria
Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Helmitheros vermivorum (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya sp.
Leiothlypis celata lutescens (Ridgway)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Leiothlypis peregrina (A. Wilson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Leiothlypis ruficapilla ruficapilla (A. Wilson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Parkesia noveboracensis (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Seiurus aurocapilla aurocapilla (Linnaeus)
Microlynchia furtiva
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Seiurus aurocapilla (Linnaeus) spp.
Ornithoica vicina
Setophaga americana (Linnaeus)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Setophaga castanea (A. Wilson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Setophaga citrina (Boddaert)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Setophaga coronata coronata (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Setophaga graciae decora (Ridgway)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Setophaga magnolia (A. Wilson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Setophaga petechia aestiva (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Setophaga pinus chrysoleuca (Griscom)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Setophaga pinus pinus (Linnaeus)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithomya anchineuria
Setophaga striata (J. R. Forster)
Ornithoctona oxycera
Ornithomya anchineuria
Setophaga tigrina (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithomya anchineuria
Setophaga virens (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Vermivora cyanoptera (Olson & Reveal)
Ornithomya anchineuria
PASSERELLIDAE Cabanis
Aimophila ruficeps canescens Todd
Ornithoica vicina
Ammodramus savannarum savannarum (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Arremon aurantiirostris aurantiirostris Lafresnaye
Microlynchia crypturelli
Arremon torquatus torquatus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Arremonops conirostris striaticeps (Lafresnaye)
Microlynchia pussila
Arremonops rufivirgatus rufivirgatus (Lawrence)
Microlynchia pussila
Atlapetes albinucha gutturalis (Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Atlapetes schistaceus schistaceus (Boissonneau)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Atlapetes schistaceus tamae Cory
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Atlapetes tibialis (Lawrence)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Chlorospingus flavopectus ophthalmicus (du Bus de
Gisignies)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Chondestes grammacus strigatus Swainson
Ornithoica vicina
Junco hyemalis caniceps (Woodhouse)
Ornithoica vicina
Junco hyemalis carolinensis Brewster
Ornithoica vicina
Junco hyemalis dorsalis Henry
Ornithoica vicina
Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Junco hyemalis mearnsi Ridgway
Ornithomya anchineuria
Junco hyemalis oreganus (J. K. Townsend)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Junco hyemalis shufeldti Coale
Ornithomya anchineuria
Junco hyemalis thurberi Anthony
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Ornithoica vicina
Junco phaeonotus fulvescens Nelson
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Junco Wagler sp.
Ornithoica vicina
Melospiza georgiana georgiana (Latham)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Melospiza georgiana ericrypta Oberholser
Ornithomya anchineuria
Melospiza lincolnii gracilis (Kittlitz)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Melospiza lincolnii lincolnii (Audubon)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Melospiza lincolnii (Audubon) ssp.
Ornithomya bequaerti
Melospiza melodia atlantica Todd
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Melospiza melodia gouldii S. F. Baird
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Melospiza melodia heermanni S. F. Baird
Ornithoica vicina
Melospiza melodia melodia (A. Wilson)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Melospiza melodia montana Henshaw
Ornithoica vicina
Melospiza melodia morphna Oberholser
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Melospiza melodia (A. Wilson) ssp.
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Stilbometopa impressa
Melospiza S. F. Baird sp.
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Melozone aberti aberti (S. F. Baird)
Microlynchia pussila
Melozone aberti dumeticola (van Rossem)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Microlynchia pussila
Melozone crissalis carolae (McGregor)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Ornithoica vicina
Melozone crissalis crissalis (Vigors)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Ornithoica vicina
Melozone crissalis petulans (Grinnell & Swarth)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Melozone crissalis senicula (Anthony)
Ornithoica vicina
Melozone fusca mesoleuca (S. F. Baird)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Passerculus sandwichensis princeps Maynard
Ornithomya anchineuria
Passerculus sandwichensis sandwichensis (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Passerella iliaca iliaca (Merrem)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Passerella iliaca zaboria Oberholser
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Passerella iliaca (Merrem) ssp.
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Pezopetes capitalis Cabanis
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni Coues
Ornithoica vicina
Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Pipilo maculatus curtatus Grinnell
Ornithoica vicina
Pipilo maculatus falcifer McGregor
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Pipilo maculatus megalonyx S. F. Baird
Ornithoica vicina
Pipilo maculatus montanus Swarth
Ornithoica vicina
Pooecetes gramineus gramineus (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Spizella passerina passerina (Bechstein)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Spizella pusilla pusilla (A. Wilson)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Spizelloides arborea arborea (A. Wilson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Spizelloides arborea ochracea (Brewster)
Ornithomya bequaerti
Zonotrichia albicollis (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Zonotrichia atricapilla (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Zonotrichia capensis antillarum (Riley)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Zonotrichia capensis chilensis (Meyen)
Ornithomya parva
Zonotrichia capensis costaricensis J. A. Allen
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Zonotrichia capensis peruviensis (Lesson)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Zonotrichia capensis subtorquata Swainson
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (Nuttall)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli Ridgway
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis Grinnell
Ornithomya anchineuria
Zonotrichia leucophrys (J. R. Forster) ssp.
Ornithoica vicina
PASSERIDAE Rafinesque
Passer domesticus domesticus (Linnaeus)
Microlynchia pussila
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya sp.
Note. Passer domesticus is an introduced species across the Americas and has well-established wild populations (Summers-Smith et al. 2018).
PIPRIDAE Rafinesque
Ceratopipra chloromeros (Tschudi)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Chiroxiphia caudata (Shaw & Nodder)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
REGULIDAE Vigors
Corthylio calendula calendula (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Corthylio calendula grinnelli (Palmer)
Ornithoica vicina
Regulus satrapa olivaceus S. F. Baird
Ornithoica vicina
Regulus satrapa satrapa M. H. C. Lichtenstein
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
RHINOCRYPTIDAE Wetmore
Scytalopus sanctaemartae Chapman
Ornithoctona fusciventris
SITIIDAE Lesson
Sitta canadensis Linnaeus
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Sitta carolinensis carolinensis Latham
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Sitta Linnaeus sp.
Ornithomya anchineuria
STURNIDAE Rafinesque
Acridotheres cristatellus brevipennis E. J. O. Hartert
Ornithomya anchineuria
Note. Acridotheres cristatellus brevipennis was introduced
to North America from Asia (Craig & Feare 2018).
Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Linnaeus
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Note. Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris was introduced to the Americas from the Palearctic Region (Craig & Feare 2018).
SYLVIIDAE Leach
Chamaea fasciata phaea Osgood
Ornithoica vicina
Chamaea fasciata (Gambel) ssp.
Ornithoica vicina
THAMNOPHILIDAE Swainson
Cercomacroides tyrannina tyrannina (P. L. Sclater)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Drymophila ferruginea (Temminck)
Ornithoica vicina
Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis Ridgway
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Dysithamnus puncticeps Salvin
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Thamnophilus caerulescens caerulescens Vieillot
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster Pelzeln
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Thamnophilus caerulescens melanochrous P. L. Sclater &
Salvin
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Thamnophilus unicolor grandior Hellmayr
Icosta (Ardmoeca) holoptera
THRAUPIDAE Cabanis
Anisognathus igniventris lunulatus (du Bus de Gisignies)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Anisognathus lacrymosus lacrymosus (Du Bus de
Gisignies)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Conirostrum rufum Lafresnaye
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Coryphospingus cucullatus fargoi Brodkorb
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Diuca diuca diuca (Molina)
Ornithomya parva
Dubusia taeniata (Boissonneau) spp.
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Embernagra platensis olivascens d'Orbigny
Ornithomya parva
Heterospingus xanthopygius xanthopygius (P. L. Sclater)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Melanospiza bicolor marchii (Baird)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Microspingustorquatustorquatus(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Nesospiza acunhae Cabanis ssp.
Ornithomya parva
Nesospiza wilkinsi Lowe
Ornithomya parva
Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis P. L. Sclater
Ornithoica vicina
Rowettia goughensis (W. E. Clarke)
Ornithomya parva
Saltator maximus (Statius Müller) ssp.
Ornithoica vicina
Sporathraupis cyanocephala olivicyanea (Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona oxycera
Tachyphonus rufus (Boddaert)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Tangara arthus aurulenta (Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Tangara labradorides labradorides (Boissonneau)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Thlypopsis sordida chrysopis (P. L. Sclater & Salvin)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Tiaris olivaceus pusillus Swainson
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Volatinia jacarina peruviensis (Peale)
Ornithoica vicina
TITYRIDAE Gray
Schiffornis virescens (Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
TROGLODYTIDAE Swainson
Cinnycerthia unirufa unirufa (Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Henicorhina leucophrys collina Bangs
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Pheugopedius atrogularis (Salvin)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Thryomanes bewickii spilurus (Vigors)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Thryomanes bewickii (Audubon) ssp.
Ornithoica vicina
Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus (Latham)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Troglodytes aedon aedon Vieillot
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Troglodytes aedon inquietus S. F. Baird
Ornithoctona nitens
Troglodytes aedon parkmanii Audubon
Ornithoica vicina
TURDIDAE Rafinesque
Catharus aurantiirostris griseiceps Salvin
Ornithoica confluenta
Catharus fuscescens fuscescens (Stephens)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Catharus fuscescens salicicola (Ridgway)
Pseudolynchia brunnea
Catharus fuscescens subpallidus (Burleigh & Duvall)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Catharus guttatus auduboni
Ornithomya bequaerti
Catharus guttatus faxoni (Bangs & T. E. Penard)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Catharus guttatus guttatus (Pallas)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Catharus minimus minimus (Lafresnaye)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Catharus occidentalis occidentalis P. L. Sclater
Ornithomya anchineuria
Catharus swainsoni incanus (Godfrey)
Ornithomya bequaerti
Catharus swainsoni swainsoni (Tschudi)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithomya anchineuria
Catharus ustulatus ustulatus (Nuttall)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Hylocichla mustelina (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Stilbometopa fulvifrons
Ixoreus naevius naevius (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Myadestes melanops Salvin
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Myadestes townsendi townsendi (Audubon)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Sialia sialis sialis (Linnaeus)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis
Ornithoica vicina
Turdus assimilis cnephosus (Bangs)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Turdus eremita gordoni (Stenhouse)
Ornithomya parva
Turdus falcklandii magellanicus P. P. King
Ornithoica vicina
Turdus fuscater gigas Fraser
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Turdus grayi casius (Bonaparte)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithoica vicina
Turdus leucops Taczanowski
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Turdus leucomelas leucomelas (Vieillot, 1818)
Microlynchia pussila
Turdus migratorius achrusterus (Batchelder)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Turdus migratorius migratorius Linnaeus
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Turdus migratorius nigrideus Aldrich & Nutt
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Turdus migratorius propinquus Ridgway
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Turdus migratorius Linnaeus ssp.
Ornithomya anchineuria
Turdus olivater sanctaemartae (Todd)
Ornithoctona oxycera
Turdus plebejus plebejus Cabanis
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Turdus plumbeus rubripes Temminck
Microlynchia pussila
Turdus rufiventris rufiventris Vieillot
Ornithoica vicina
TYRANNIDAE Vigors
Agriornis lividus lividus (Kittlitz)
Ornithomya parva
Colonia colonus colonus (Vieillot)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Contopus fumigatus ardosiacus (Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Elaenia albiceps albiceps (D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Empidonax alnorum Brewster
Ornithomya bequaerti
Empidonax flavescens flavescens Lawrence
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Empidonax flaviventris W. M. Baird & S. F. Baird
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithomya anchineuria
Empidonax traillii traillii (Audubon)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Empidonax virescens (Vieillot)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Knipolegus poecilurus poecilurus (P. L. Sclater)
Ornithoctona oxycera
Mitrephanes phaeocercus aurantiiventris (Lawrence)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Muscisaxicola maculirostris maculirostris d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Myiobius atricaudus atricaudus Lawrence
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Myiodynastes chrysocephalus (Tschudi) ssp.
Ornithoctona oxycera
Myiodynastes hemichrysus (Cabanis)
Ornithoica vicina
Myiotheretes striaticollis striaticollis (P. L. Sclater)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Pyrocephalus rubinus obscurus Gould
Ornithoica vicina
Rhytipterna holerythra holerythra (P. L. Sclater & Salvin)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Sayornis nigricans nigricans (Swainson)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Sayornis phoebe (Latham)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Sayornis saya saya (Bonaparte)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus Vieillot
Ornithoica vicina
Tyrannus savana Daudin
Stilbometopa ramphastonis
Tyrannus tyrannus (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
VIREONIDAE Swainson
Vireo gilvus (Vieillot) ssp.
Ornithomya anchineuria
Vireo griseus noveboracensis (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Vireo olivaceus (Linnaeus)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Vireo philadelphicus (Cassin)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithomya anchineuria
Vireo solitarius solitarius (A. Wilson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
PELECANIFORMES Sharpe
ARDEIDAE Leach
Ardea alba egretta J. F. Gmelin
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica confluenta
Pseudolynchia sp.
Ardea cocoi Linnaeus
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ardea herodias cognata Bangs
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Olfersia sordida
Ardea herodias herodias Linnaeus
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ardea herodias occidentalis Audubon
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ardea herodias wardi Ridgway
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Bubulcus ibis ibis (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ornithoica confluenta
Pseudolynchia sp.
Note. Bubulcus ibis ibis invaded the Americas from Africa to South America in 1877 via a cross oceanic flight. At present, it is found across the Americas (Sick 1997).
Butorides striata sundevalli (Reichenow)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Butorides virescens bahamensis (Brewster)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ornithoica confluenta
Butorides virescens virescens (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Cochlearius cochlearius cochlearius (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Cochlearius cochlearius panamensis Griscom
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ornithoica confluenta
Egretta rufescens rufescens (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Egretta thula thula (Molina)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Olfersia sordida
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica confluenta
Egretta tricolor ruficollis Gosse
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ixobrychus exilis exilis (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Nyctanassa violacea bancrofti Huey
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Nyctanassa violacea pauper P. L. Sclater & Salvin
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Nyctanassa violacea violacea (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Syrigma sibilatrix sibilatrix (Temminck)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Tigrisoma lineatum marmoratum (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
PELECANIDAE Rafinesque
Pelecanus occidentalis californicus Ridgway
Olfersia sordida
Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis J. F. Gmelin
Olfersia sordida
Pelecanus occidentalis occidentalis Linnaeus
Olfersia sordida
Olfersia spinifera
Pelecanus occidentalis urinator Wetmore
Olfersia sordida
Pelecanus thagus Molina
Olfersia fossulata
Pelecanus Linnaeus sp.
Olfersia fossulata
THRESKIORNITHIDAE Poche
Eudocimus albus albus (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Mesembrinibis cayennensis (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Olfersia coriacea
Platalea ajaja Linnaeus
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Theristicus caudatus caudatus (Boddaert)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
PICIFORMES Meyer & Wolf
PICIDAE Leach
Colaptes auratus cafer (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Colaptes auratus collaris Vigors
Ornithomya anchineuria
Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Colaptes auratus auratus (Linnaeus) x Colaptes auratus
cafer (J. F. Gmelin) [hybrid]
Ornithomya anchineuria
Colaptes campestris campestroides (Malherbe)
Ornithoica vicina
Dryobates pubescens leucurus (Hartlaub)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Dryobates pubescens medianus (Swainson)
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Dryobates pubescens pubescens (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Dryobates pubescens (Linnaeus) ssp.
Ornithomya bequaerti
Dryobates villosus extimus (Bangs)
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Dryobates villosus harrisi (Audubon)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Dryobates villosus villosus (Linnaeus)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Dryocopus pileatus abieticola (Bangs)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Melanerpes herminieri (Lesson)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Melanerpes superciliaris superciliaris (Temminck)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Picoides arcticus (Swainson)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Picoides dorsalis dorsalis S. F. Baird
Ornithomya bequaerti
Sphyrapicus nuchalis S. F. Baird
Ornithomya anchineuria
Sphyrapicus ruber ruber (J. F. Gmelin)
Ornithomya anchineuria
Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithomya anchineuria
Xiphidiopicus percussus percussus (Temminck)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
RAMPHASTIDAE Vigors
Pteroglossus aracari aracari (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Pteroglossus viridis (Linnaeus)
Stilbometopa ramphastonis
Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii Gould
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoica vicina
Stilbometopa ramphastonis
Ramphastos dicolorus Linnaeus
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Ramphastos sulfuratus brevicarinatus Gould
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus Lesson
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoica vicina
Stilbometopa ramphastonis
Ramphastos toco albogularis (Cabanis)
Ornithoica vicina
Pseudolynchia canariensis
PROCELARIIFORMES Fürbringer
DIOMEDEIDAE Gray
Phoebastria irrorata (Salvin)
Olfersia aenescens
PSITTACIFORMES Wagler
PSITTACIDAE Rafinesque
Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx (Berlepsch)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Amazona agilis (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Amazona collaria (Linnaeus)
Ornithoica vicina
Amazona guildingii (Vigors)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Amazona leucocephala leucocephala (Linnaeus)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Amazona ventralis (Statius Müller)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Amazona vinacea (Kuhl)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Pionus sordidus saturatus Todd
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Pionus tumultuosus (Tschudi) ssp.
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Psittacara leucophthalmus leucophthalmus (Statius Müller)
Ornithoica vicina
STRIGIFORMES Wagler
STRIGIDAE Leach
Aegolius acadicus acadicus (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Ornithomya bequaerti
Asio clamator clamator (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Asio clamator midas (Schlegel)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoica vicina
Asio flammeus flammeus (Pontoppidan)
Ornithoica vicina
Asio flammeus portoricensis Ridgway
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Asio flammeus suinda (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Asio grammicus (Gosse)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Asio otus wilsonianus (Lesson)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Asio stygius robustus L. Kelso
Pseudolynchia sp.
Asio stygius siguapa (d'Orbigny)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Asio stygius stygius (Wagler)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
Athene cunicularia cunicularia (Molina)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Athene cunicularia grallaria (Temminck)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoica vicina
Athene cunicularia hypugaea (Bonaparte)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Bubo virginianus heterocnemis (Oberholser)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithomya anchineuria
Bubo virginianus mesembrinus (Oberholser)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Bubo virginianus nacurutu (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Bubo virginianus pacificus Cassin
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra
Ornithoica vicina
Bubo virginianus saturatus Ridgway
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Bubo virginianus virginianus (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Ornithomya anchineuria
Bubo virginianus (J. F. Gmelin) ssp.
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ciccaba nigrolineata (P. L. Sclater)
Ornithoica vicina
Ciccaba virgata borelliana (A. W. Bertoni)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) latifacies
Ornithoica vicina
Ciccaba virgata centralis Griscom
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithoica vicina
Ciccaba virgata virgata (Cassin)
Ornithoica vicina
Glaucidium brasilianum brasilianum (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoica vicina
Glaucidium brasilianum pallens Brodkorb
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Glaucidium brasilianum phaloenoides (Daudin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Glaucidium brasilianum ridgwayi Sharpe
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoica vicina
Glaucidium gnoma californicum P. L. Sclater
Ornithomya anchineuria
Glaucidium siju siju (d'Orbigny)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Gymnasio nudipes nudipes (Daudin)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Lophostrix cristata stricklandi P. L. Sclater & Salvin
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Megascops albogularis albogularis (Cassin)
Ornithoica vicina
Megascops asio asio (Linnaeus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Megascops asio floridanus (Ridgway)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Megascops asio maxwelliae (Ridgway)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Megascops asio mccallii (Cassin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithomya anchineuria
Megascops asio naevius (J. F. Gmelin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Megascops atricapilla (Temminck)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Megascops choliba choliba (Vieillot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Megascops choliba cruciger (Spix)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Megascops guatemalae guatemalae (Sharpe)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoica vicina
Megascops kennicottii bendirei (Brewster)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Megascops kennicottii kennicottii (Elliot)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei Brewster
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Megascops sanctaecatarinae (Salvin)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Megascops Kaup sp.
Ornithoica vicina
Pulsatrix perspicillata boliviana L. Kelso
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Pulsatrix perspicillata pulsatrix (Wied)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Pulsatrix perspicillata saturata (Ridgway)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Strix hylophyla Temminck
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Strix nebulosa nebulosa J. R. Forster
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithomya anchineuria
Strix occidentalis lucida (Nelson)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Strix occidentalis occidentalis (Xántus)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Strix rufipes rufipes P. P. King
Ornithoica vicina
Strix varia georgica Latham
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Olfersia sordida
Strix varia varia Barton
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Surnia ulula caparoch (Statius Müller)
Ornithomya anchineuria
TYTONIDAE Mathews
Tyto alba contempta (E. J. O. Hartert)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Olfersia fossulata
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Tyto alba furcata (Temminck)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte)
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Ornithoica vicina
Tyto alba tuidara (J. E. Gray)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana
Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoica vicina
SULIFORMES Sharpe
PHALACROCORACIDAE Reichenbach
Leucocarbo bougainvillii (Lesson)
Olfersia fossulata
Nannopterum auritum floridanum (Audubon)
Olfersia sordida
Olfersia spinifera
Nannopterum brasilianum brasilianum (J. F. Gmelin)
Olfersia sordida
Nannopterum harrisi Rothschild
Olfersia sordida
Poikilocarbo gaimardi (Lesson & Garnot)
Olfersia fossulata
FREGATIDAE Degland & Gerbe
Fregata aquila (Linnaeus)
Olfersia spinifera
Fregata magnificens magnificens Mathews
Olfersia spinifera
Fregata magnificens rothschildi Mathews
Olfersia spinifera
Fregata minor ridgwayi Mathews
Olfersia spinifera
Fregata de Lacépède sp.
Olfersia spinifera
SULIDAE Reichenbach
Sula dactylatra dactylatra Lesson
Olfersia aenescens
Sula dactylatra personata Gould
Olfersia aenescens
Sula leucogaster brewsteri Goss
Olfersia aenescens
Sula leucogaster leucogaster (Boddaert)
Olfersia aenescens
Olfersia fossulata
Sula nebouxii excisa Todd
Olfersia aenescens
Sula nebouxii nebouxii A. Milne-Edwards
Olfersia aenescens
Sula sula websteri Rothschild
Olfersia aenescens
Note. See under Olfersia aenescens (Part 1).
Sula variegata (Tschudi)
Olfersia fossulata
TINAMIFORMES Huxley
TINAMIDAE Gray
Crypturellus Brabourne & Chubb sp.
Microlynchia pussila
Crypturellus boucardi boucardi (P. L. Sclater)
Microlynchia furtiva
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Crypturellus obsoletus obsoletus (Temminck)
Icosta (Ornithoponus) plaumanni
Microlynchia crypturelli
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Crypturellus parvirostris (Wagler)
Microlynchia crypturelli
Crypturellus soui panamensis (Carriker)
Microlynchia crypturelli
Ornithoica vicina
Tinamus major olivascens Conover
Stilbometopa podopostyla
Tinamus solitarius (Vieillot)
Stilbometopa podopostyla
TROGONIFORMES A. O. U.
TROGONIDAE Lesson
Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis Cabanis
Ornithoctona fusciventris
Ornithoctona nitens
Pharomachrus mocinno mocinno de la Llave
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Ornithoctona nitens
Priotelus roseigaster (Vieillot)
Ornithoctona erythrocephala
Trogon collaris puella Gould
Ornithoctona nitens
Trogon massena massena Gould
Ornithoctona nitens
Trogon personatus personatus Gould
Ornithoctona nitens
Trogon surrucura aurantius (Spix)
Stilbometopa ramphastonis
Trogon Brisson sp.
Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons
Ornithoctona nitens

Part 3: Hippoboscidae species by country/territory

Argentina (11 species): Crataerina seguyi, Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, I. (Ornithoponus) rufiventris, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, Ornithomya parva, Pseudolynchia brunnea, P. canariensis, Stilpometoba legtersi, S. podopostyla.

Bahamas (9 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, Olfersia aenescens, O. fumipennis, O. sordida, O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Ornithoica confluenta, Stilbometopa fulvifrons.

Barbados (1 species): Pseudolynchia canariensis.

Belize (9 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, Microlynchia furtiva, Olfersia bisulcata, O. coriacea, O. fumipennis, O. spinifera, Ornithoica vicina, Stilbometoba podostyla.

Bolivia (10 species): Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, I. (Ornithoponus) plaumanni, I. (Ornithoponus) rufiventris, Olfersia bisulcata, O. coriacea, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Ornithoica vicina, Stilbometopa podopostyla.

Brazil (27 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ardmoeca) holoptera, I. (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) latifacies, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, I. (Ornithoponus) plaumanni, I. (Ornithoponus) rufiventris, Microlynchia crypturelli, M. pussila, Olfersia aenescens, O. bisulcata, O. coriacea, O. fossulata, O. fumipennis, O. sordida, O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Ornithoica confluenta, O. vicina, Ornithomya ambigua, Pseudolynchia brunnea, P. canariensis, Stilpometoba legtersi, S. podopostyla, S. ramphastonis.

Canada (12 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, Olfersia fumipennis, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Ornithoica vicina, Ornithomyia anchineuria, O. avicularia, O. bequaerti, Pseudolynchia brunnea.

Cayman Islands (1 species): Olfersia spinifera.

Chile (9 species): Crataerina seguyi, Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, Microlynchia pussila, Olfersia bisulcata, O. fossulata, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Ornithoica vicina, Ornithomya parva.

Colombia (18 species): Crataerina seguyi, Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ardmoeca) holoptera, I. (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) latifacies, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, Microlynchia pussila, Olfersia bisulcata, O. coriacea, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, O. nitens, O. oxycera, Ornithoica vicina, Ornithomya ambigua, Pseudolynchia canariensis, Stilbometopa podopostyla.

Costa Rica (13 species): Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) rufiventris, Microlynchia pussila, Olfersia aenescens, O. bisulcata, O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, O. nitens, Ornithoica vicina, Stilbometopa fulvifrons, S. ramphastonis.

Cuba (15 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) americana, Microlynchia pussila, Olfersia fumipennis, O. sordida, O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Ornithoica confluenta, O. vicina, Pseudolynchia brunnea, P. canariensis, Stilbometopa fulvifrons, S. podopostyla, S. ramphastonis.

Dominica (1 species): Ornithoctona erythrocephala.

Dominican Republic (4 species): Olfersia sordida, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Stilbometopa ramphastonis.

Ecuador (10 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, Microlynchia galapogoensis, Olfersia fossulata, O. sordida, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Ornithoica vicina, Stilbometopa podopostyla, S. ramphastonis.

French Guiana (3 species): Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana, Olfersia aenescens, O. bisulcata.

Greenland (1 species): Ornithoctona erythrocephala.

Grenada (2 species): Microlynchia pussila, Ornithoctona erythrocephala.

Guadeloupe (1 species): Ornithoctona erythrocephala.

Guatemala (9 species): Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, Olfersia bisulcata, O. coriacea, O. sordida, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Ornithoica vicina, Stilbometopa podopostyla, S. ramphastonis.

Guyana (8 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, I. (Ornithoponus) plaumanni, Olfersia bisulcata, O. coriacea, Pseudolynchia canariensis, Stilbometopa podopostyla.

Haiti (3 species): Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Pseudolynchia canariensis.

Honduras (8 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, O. nitens, Pseudolynchia canariensis, Stilbometopa podopostyla.

Jamaica (8 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, Olfersia sordida, O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Ornithoica vicina, Pseudolynchia canariensis, Stilbometopa fulvifrons.

Mexico (25 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, I. (Ornithoponus) plaumanni, I. (Ornithoponus) rufiventris, Microlynchia pussila, Olfersia aenescens, O. bisulcata, O. coriacea, O. fumipennis, O. sordida, O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, O. nitens, O. orizabae, Ornithoica vicina, Ornithomyia anchineuria, O. hoffmanae, Pseudolynchia brunnea, P. canariensis, Stilbometoba impressa, S. legtersi, S. podopostyla.

Montserrat (1 species): Ornithoctona erythrocephala.

Nicaragua (3 species): Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. nitens.

Panama (20 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, I. (Ornithoponus) rufiventris, Microlynchia crypturelli, Olfersia aenescens, O. bisulcata, O. coriacea, O. fossulata, O. sordida, O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, O. nitens, Ornithoica confluenta, O. vicina, Pseudolynchia brunnea, P. canariensis, Stilbometopa ramphastonis.

Paraguay (6 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) latifacies, Microlynchia pussila, Ornithoica vicina, Stilbometopa podopostyla.

Peru(14species):Crataerinaseguyi,Icosta(Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) americana, Microlynchia pussila, Olfersia bisulcata, O. coriacea, O. fossulata,

O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris,

Ornithoica vicina, Ornithomya ambigua, Pseudolynchia canariensis, Stilbometopa podopostyla.

Puerto Rico (7 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, Olfersia aenescens, O. fossulata, O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, Ornithoica confluenta, Pseudolynchia canariensis.

Saba Island (1 species): Ornithoctona erythrocephala. Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (3 species): Olfersia aenescens, O. spinifera, Ornithomya parva.

Saint Kitts and Nevis (2 species): Ornithoctona erythrocephala, Pseudolynchia canariensis.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1 species): Ornithoctona erythrocephala.

Suriname (6 species): Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) rufiventris, Olfersia coriacea, O. spinifera, Pseudolynchia brunnea, P. canariensis.

Trinidad and Tobago (3 species): Olfersia bisulcata, O. sordida, Pseudolynchia canariensis.

United States of America (25 species): Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ardmoeca) holoptera, I. (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) hirsuta, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, I. (Ornithoponus) rufiventris, Microlynchia furtiva, M. pussila, Myophthiria fimbriata, Olfersia bisulcata, O. fumipennis, O. sordida, O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, Ornithoica confluenta, O. vicina, Ornithomyia anchineuria, O. bequaerti, Pseudolynchia brunnea, P. canariensis, Stilbometopa fulvifrons, S. impressa, S. podopostyla.

Uruguay (2 species): Ornithoctona erythrocephala, Pseudolynchia canariensis.

Venezuela (21 species): Crataerina seguyi, Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis, I. (Ornithoponus) americana, I. (Ornithoponus) angustifrons, I. (Ornithoponus) nigra, I. (Ornithoponus) rufiventris, Microlynchia pussila, Myophthiria neotropica, Olfersia bisulcata, O. coriacea, O. fumipennis, O. sordida, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, O. fusciventris, O. nitens, O. oxycera, Ornithoica confluenta, O. vicina, Ornithomya ambigua, Pseudolynchia canariensis, Stilbometopa podopostyla.

Virgin Islands of the United States (7 species): Microlynchia pussila, Olfersia aenescens, O. fossulata, O. sordida, O. spinifera, Ornithoctona erythrocephala, Pseudolynchia canariensis.

Acknowledgements

We thank all of the authors who sent us the requested reprints about louse flies. Special thanks to JASON WECKSTEIN for helpful comments on the manuscript, and to the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that helped improve the article. Financial support was obtained from a CNPq research fellowship (308119/2022-3) to GG and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul.

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Notes

[1] ¹ Sula sula websteri occurs in the tropical East Pacific Ocean (CARBONERAS et al. 2018). BEQUAERT (1957) erronously cited Sula sula websteri as Sula sula rubripes, a subspecies from the West-Central Pacific Ocean (CARBONERAS et al. 2018).

[2] ² This record is from a captive specimen of Vultur gryphus held at the Rio de Janeiro Zoo (Bequaert 1957: 459).

[3] ³ The distribution of Meleagris ocellata is restricted to Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico. Hence this phasianid does not occur in Panama. Therefore, if BEQUAERT (1957: 476) correctly associated the hippoboscid with this host species, then the locality is clearly mistaken or it is from a captive bird.

[4] ⁴ BEQUAERT (1957: 431) cited an occurrence of Fregata aquila. However, this host species only occurs on Ascension Island, with some records on the Atlantic coast of Africa and Tristan da Cunha Island. We consider the locality information associated with this hippoboscid as correct, and believe that the host identification was wrong. Therefore, we include this record under Fregata magnificens rothschildi.

[5] ⁵ Siphonorhis americana is extinct. The last four specimens of this species were collected in 1860 (BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL 2016). BEQUAERT's (1954: 193) published record comes from the city of Falmouth. It is likely that he confused Chordeiles gundlachii, which is still extant, with Siphornorhis americana.

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Gustavo Graciolli and Rudi Ricardo Laps "A checklist of louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and their avian hosts from the Americas," Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History 7(2), 103-153, (31 December 2024). https://doi.org/10.18476/2024.995170

Received: 8 April 2024; Accepted: 19 December 2024; Published: 31 December 2024

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Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History
Vol. 7 • No. 2
2024

KEYWORDS

Aves

birds

ectoparasites

host-parasite relationships

New World

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Introduction

Methodology

Results and discussion

Part 1: Hippoboscidae, their distribution, and hosts

Crataerina von Olfer Crataerina seguyi Falcoz

Icosta Speiser Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis (Say)

Icosta (Ardmoeca) holoptera (Lutz et al.)

Icosta (Ornithoponus) americana (Leach)

Icosta (Ornithoponus) angustifrons (van der Wulp)

Icosta (Ornithoponus) hirsuta (Ferris)

Icosta (Ornithoponus) latifacies (Bequaert)

Icosta (Ornithoponus) nigra (Perty)

Icosta (Ornithoponus) plaumanni (Bequaert)

Icosta (Ornithoponus) rufiventris (Bigot)

Microlynchia Lutz, Neiva & Costa Lima Microlynchia crypturelli Bequaert

Microlynchia furtiva Bequaert

Microlynchia galapagoensis Bequaert

Microlynchia pussila (Speiser)

Myophthiria Rondani Myophthiria fimbriata (Waterhouse)

Myophthiria neotropica Bequaert

Olfersia Leach Olfersia aenescens Thomson

Olfersia bisulcata Macquart

Olfersia coriacea van der Wulp

Olfersia fossulata Macquart

Olfersia fumipennis (Sahlberg)

Olfersia sordida Bigot

Olfersia spinifera (Leach)

Olfersia sp.

Ornithoctona Speiser Ornithoctona erythrocephala (Leach)

Ornithoctona fusciventris (Wiedemann, 1830)

Ornithoctona nitens Bigot

Ornithoctona orizabae Bequaert

Ornithoctona oxycera Falcoz

Ornithoctona sp.

Ornithoica Rondani Ornithoica confluenta (Say)

Ornithoica vicina (Walker)

Ornithomya Latreille Ornithomya ambigua (Lutz, Neiva & Costa-Lima)

Ornithomya avicularia (Linnaeus)

Ornithomya anchineuria Speiser

Ornithomyia bequaerti Maa

Ornithomyia hoffmanae Bequaert

Ornithomya parva Macquart

Ornithomya sp.

Pseudolynchia Bequaert Pseudolynchia brunnea (Latreille)

Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart)

Pseudolynchia sp.

Stilbometopa Coquillett Stilbometopa fulvifrons (Walker)

Stilbometopa impressa (Bigot)

Stilbometopa legtersi Bequaert

Stilbometopa podopostyla Speiser

Stilbometopa ramphastonis Ferris

Stilbometopa sp.

Part 2: Avian hosts of American Hippoboscidae

Part 3: Hippoboscidae species by country/territory

Acknowledgements

References

Notes

KEYWORDS/PHRASES

PUBLICATION TITLE:

COLLECTION:

PUBLICATION YEARS

Crataerina von Olfer
Crataerina seguyi Falcoz

Icosta Speiser
Icosta (Ardmoeca) albipennis (Say)

Microlynchia Lutz, Neiva & Costa Lima
Microlynchia crypturelli Bequaert

Myophthiria Rondani
Myophthiria fimbriata (Waterhouse)

Olfersia Leach
Olfersia aenescens Thomson

Ornithoctona Speiser
Ornithoctona erythrocephala (Leach)

Ornithoica Rondani
Ornithoica confluenta (Say)

Stilbometopa Coquillett
Stilbometopa fulvifrons (Walker)