Condylago furculifera from Panama is described and illustrated. This species is distinguished from its Colombian relative, C. rodrigoi, by more sparsely villous sepals (vs. densely white-villous); obovate-pan-durate petals without decurrent basal lobes and the ovate (vs. orbicular) viscid callus. The most striking feature, however, is the inflorescence with persistent, Y-shaped, flattened pedicels, each articulated to an “epipedicel” to 2 cm long. Colombian photographs suggest that C. rodrigoi also has an epipedicel between the pedicel and the flower, but the pedicel is much simpler. This epipedicel is of special interest, as the Pleurothallidinae are usually characterized by having the ovary articulated directly to the pedicel. A key to the species is given.

A new species of Stenia from Ecuador, S. dodsoniana, is described and illustrated. Stenia dodsoniana is similar to S. stenioides, from which it mainly differs by the obscurely tri-lobed lip with the lateral lobes broadly truncate, the apical retrorse calli, the subventral anther and the almost absent lateral teeth of the rostellum. The identity of S. stenioides is discussed and the species is illustrated on the basis of an Ecuadorian specimen. The pollinarium morphology of Stenia is discussed.

A systematic revision of the genus Dichaea (Orchidaceae) in Costa Rica is presented. The taxonomic history of the genus and its phylogenetic position are discussed, with emphasis on infrageneric grouping. Characters of vegetative and floral morphology are treated, and their taxonomic significance is discussed. Twenty-nine Dichaea taxa are recognized for the flora of Costa Rica, and a key to species is provided. Each taxon is described on the basis of Costa Rican material, illustrated in a composite plate, and its distribution in the country is assessed. Distribution maps for all the taxa are given. Overall distribution, derivation of name, notes on species ecology, and diagnostic features are presented for each taxon. Lectotypes are selected for D. acostae Schltr., D. acroblephara Schltr., D. amparoana Schltr., D. costaricensis Schltr., D. dammeriana Kraenzl., D. lycopodioides Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl., D. poicillantha Schltr., D. selaginella Schltr., D. tuerckheimii Schltr., Epidendrum echinocarpon Sw., and E. trichocarpon Sw. A new species, D. gomezlauritoi, is described and illustrated from the wet Caribbean plains of central Costa Rica.

Three new species of Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) from Costa Rica, Acianthera fecunda, A. hamata, and A. cabiriae, are described and illustrated. Acianthera hamata is closely related to A. cogniauxiana, from which it differs mainly in the shape of the leaves; the hooked rachis of the inflorescence; the smaller flower size; the entire petals, provided with a rounded lobe on the lower side; and the broadly flabellate keels of the lip. Acianthera fecunda is distinguished by its cleistogamous flowers, reduced habit size, and 2-flowered, short inflorescence. Acianthera cabiriae is closely related to A. fecunda, from which it differs in plant size, the elliptic leaves, and the 3- to 4-flowered inflorescences.

Dimorphanthera dekockii, Diplycosia morobeensis, Rhododendron pachystigma, Vaccinium daphniphyllum, and V. stellae-montis are briefly discussed in relation to infraspecific variation and geographic distributions. A supplementary description is also presented for Rhododendron pachystigma, previously known only from a flowering collection. Dimorphanthera dekockii var. pubiflora, Rhododendron pachystigma, and Vaccinium daphniphyllum are depicted by color photographs.

This study presents a complete taxonomic revision of Anthurium sect. Semaeophyllium, which comprises species with trilobed leaf blades. Leaf lobes are always united at the base in these species, and they can be directed forward (i.e., falcate) or to the sides (i.e., spreading) but never toward the back. Under this circumscription, sect. Semaeophyllium comprises 23 species ranging from southern Nicaragua into Peru. Detailed morphological descriptions, diagnoses, representative photographs, distribution maps, and an identification key are provided.

The following nomenclatural adjustments are proposed for Boechera to make the names available for the forthcoming account of the Brassicaceae in the Flora of North America. Two new species of Boechera (B. quebecensis and B. tularensis) are described, and a new name (B. xylopoda) is proposed for the taxon currently known as Boechera pulchra var. gracilis. In addition, 10 new combinations (B. acutina, B. burkii, B. covillei, B. duchesnensis, B. gracilenta, B. grahamii, B. languida, B. pratincola, B. saximontana, and B. serotina) are validated. Notes on the delimitation, distribution, and/or typification of Arabis confinis, B. brachycarpa, B. divaricarpa, and B. inyoensis are presented, and A. codyi and A. holboellii var. derensis are reduced to synonymy under B. lemmonii and B. inyoensis, respectively. Two summary tables comparing our taxonomic treatment of Boechera with those of other recent authors are provided.