Based on evidence found in a specimen collected by J. A. Steyermark in the vicinity of Mount Roraima in 1944, such as the described colors of the flowers and shape of the labellum, and the shape and size of the antennae, the pollinarium, and the pollinia, a new natural hybrid between Catasetum discolor and C. planiceps is described and illustrated as C. ×steyermarkii. Both putative parents have been collected in the same area. An annotated list of all the species of Catasetum hitherto reported in the vicinity of Mount Roraima is presented in Appendix I, and new nothospecies (pro sp.) and a nomenclatural notes in Appendix II.

Orchidaceae, a highly diverse family of angiosperms, exhibits remarkable ecological and morphological adaptations, with most of its species being epiphytic or terrestrial. Nonetheless, their occurrence in aquatic and wetland habitats in the tropics is relatively uncommon, with only a few species adapted to these environments. Consequently, our current understanding of orchids inhabiting wetland ecosystems is limited. This research focuses on Sarcoglottis woodsonii, an aquatic orchid species exclusively found in palustrine wetlands of southern Central America. Previously considered endemic to western Panama, our recent collections (the first since 1940) extend its known distribution to include southern Costa Rica. We provide an updated description, a modern illustration, a conservation assessment based on IUCN criteria, and novel ecological data that shed light on its aquatic habit. With this recent discovery, the number of known Sarcoglottis species in Costa Rica stands at six. We provide a preliminary survey of reported wetland and aquatic orchid species from the Neotropics and give novel definitions for both wetland and aquatic plants. We also present an inventory of the vascular plant species found in the Cañas Gordas/Valle Azul wetland in Costa Rica, where S. woodsonii occurs. This study enhances our understanding of orchid diversity in wetland ecosystems and emphasizes the importance of conserving these unique habitats, often inadequately protected and surrounded by heavily altered ecosystems.

The long-overlooked, Chilean-endemic Cremolobus linearifolius turned out to be a species of Menonvillea synonymous with the much-later published M. minima. The new combination M. linearifolia is proposed, and a lectotype is designated for it.

Doliocarpus daironii, an endemic species to the Colombian Amazon forests, is described and increases to 25 the number of species of the genus recorded from this country. This new species shows certain similarities with D. amazonicus, D. duckeanus, and D. guianensis. Nonetheless, D. daironii is more related to D. guianensis, but differs from the latter in its branches, branchlets, leaves, inflorescence rachis, bracteole and sepal pubescence, leaf shape, and petiole and inflorescence size. A detailed description, comparisons with similar species, an illustration, and comments on its etymology, distribution, habitat, conservation status, and morphology are provided. Additionally, an updated key to the species of Doliocarpus of Colombia is also presented, and a previously described subspecies from Brazil is elevated to the rank of species (i.e., Doliocarpus amazonicus subsp. duckeanus to D. duckeanus).

Se describe Doliocarpus daironii, una especie endémica de los bosques de la Amazonía colombiana, incrementando en 25 el número de especies para esta país. Está nueva especie posee cierta similitud con D. amazonicus, D. duckeanus, y D. guianensis. No obstante, D. daironii está más relacionada con D. guianensis, sin embargo difiere en la pubescencia de las ramas, ramitas, hojas, ráquis de las inflorescencias, bractéolas, sépalos, forma de las hojas y en el tamaño de los pecíolos e inflorescencias. Se incluye una descripcion detallada, información acerca de la morfología, comparaciones con las especies similares, una ilustración, comentarios acerca de la etimología, distribución, hábitat e informacion del estado actual de conservación. Se presenta una clave actualizada de las especies del género Doliocarpus para Colombia y se eleva una subespecie descrita de Brasil al rango de especie (i.e., Doliocarpus amazonicus subsp. duckeanus a D. duckeanus).

Two new species of Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) are described from the Andes of Venezuela and Colombia: O. amicorum from the páramo forest of sector El Pumar in the Ramal de Guaramacal, Trujillo, Venezuela, and O. paramoensis from the subpáramo and páramo of Venezuela and Colombia. Ecological and taxonomic aspects are compared to closely related species: O. debilis, O. fendleri, O. medicaginea, and O. spiralis. Illustrations of the new species and a map of their distribution also are provided.

Se describen dos nuevas especies de Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) para los Andes de Venezuela y Colombia: O. amicorum de los bosques parámeros del sector el Pumar en el Ramal de Guaramacal, Trujillo, Venezuela y O. paramoensis de los subpáramos y páramos de Venezuela y Colombia. Se discuten aspectos ecológicos y taxonómicos con las especies cercanas: O. debilis, O. fendleri, O. medicaginea, y O. spiralis. También se proporcionan ilustraciones de las especies nuevas y un mapa de su distribución.

Based on morphology, previous molecular studies, and a distinctive geographic pattern of distribution that is restricted to the Central Andes in South America, Incacleome gen. nov., a Neotropical new genus segregated from Andinocleome (Cleomaceae), is here formally proposed. The respective three new combinations (I. chilensis, I. limoneolens, and I. mathewsii) and a key to the species are also provided.

Con base en la morfología, estudios moleculares previos, y un distintivo patrón geográfico de distribución, esto es, restringido a los Andes Centrales en América del Sur, aquí se propone formalmente Incacleome gen. nov., un nuevo género neotropical segregado de Andinocleome (Cleomaceae). Además, se proveen las respectivas tres nuevas combinaciones (I. chilensis, I. limoneolens, y I. mathewsii) y una clave de las especies.

Based on previous molecular work, Vasconcellea jossei, a new species from the Andes of central western Ecuador, is formally described and illustrated, and its relationship to morphologically closely related species is discussed.

Con base a un estudio molecular previo, Vasconcellea jossei, una nueva especie de los Andes al centro occidente de Ecuador, es formalmente descrita, se discute sus relaciones con las especies morfológicamente cercanas.

The inconspicuous rank of supertribe is rarely used in botanical classification, being only reserved for large families with high tribal-level diversity. The purpose of the supertribe is to provide further hierarchical resolution within a tribally rich subfamily by allowing clades containing multiple tribal-level taxa to be recognized at rank level. Thus far, this rank has been proposed for six angiosperm families: Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, and Sapindaceae. Here, the rank of supertribe is further extended to the families Araceae, Cactaceae, and Fabaceae, along with new additions in Rubiaceae and Sapindaceae. In the subfamily Aroideaes.l., fourwell-supported clades are newly recognized as supertribes Arodae, Philodendrodae, Schismatoglottidodae, and Zamioculcadodae. In Cactoideae, the two largest and commonly recognized core clades I and II are validated as supertribes Echinocereodae and Cereodae, respectively. In Papilionoideae, supertribes Dalbergiodae, Galegodae, Genistodae, Myroxylodae, and Phaseolodae are newly validated, corresponding to five commonly recovered supra-tribal clades. In Rubiaceae, five tribal alliances are newly equated to the supertribes Coffeodae, Dialypetalanthodae, Lasianthodae, Mussaendodae, and Urophyllodae. The publication of the two Maloideae supertribes Kerriodae and Pyrodae, originally published improperly, are herein validated. In Sapindoideae, Cupaniodae is newly described while the limits of Paulliniodae are expanded, and its effective publication corrected through typification. Additionally, the tribal name Chesneyeae is newly validated and corrected. This account brings the total number of currently accepted supertribes across the angiosperms to 36. A brief synopsis of all published and accepted supertribal names is provided.

El género de árboles Quararibea (Malvaceae) agrupa a más de 60 especies de Mesoamérica y del norte de Sudamérica, propias principalemente de los bosques húmedos. Como avance al trabajo de revisión que se está llevando a cabo en el grupo morfológico “grandifolia” del género Quararibea, se describe en este trabajo una especie nueva considerada endémica de los bosques húmedos del Occidente de Ecuador y se propone su categorización de conservación de acuerdo con IUCN.

The Quararibea genus of trees (Malvaceae) groups some 60 species restricted mainly to neotropical moist forests, in Mesoamerica and northern South America. As an advance of the review work that is being carried out in the morphological group “grandifolia” of the genus Quararibea, a new species is described in this work, considered endemic to the wet forests of Western Ecuador and its IUCN categorization is proposed.

We report for the first time the occurrence of a staminal lever mechanism in Acanthaceae. Pressing the staminal appendage in two species of Justicia causes the anther to descend in a manner similar to the genus Salvia. Anther movement via a lever may affect where pollen is deposited on the body of potential pollinators. Acanthaceae are one of only a few families where staminal levers have been reported, and most of those families are in the order Lamiales.

Reportamos por primera vez un mecanismo de palanca staminal en Acanthaceae. Presionar el apéndice staminal en dos especies de Justicia causó que la antera descendiera en una forma similar al género Salvia. Movimiento de las anteras con una palanca puede afectar donde el polen es depositado en el cuerpo de potenciales polinizadores. Acanthaceae es una de las pocas familias donde se han reportado palancas estaminales, y la mayoría de las familias están en el orden Lamiales.

The Brazilian semiarid region, the phytogeographic domain of the Caatinga, presents a wide floristic diversity and, paradoxically, human actions, such as deforestation for agriculture and livestock, that present constant threats to the reduction of its vegetation cover. In order to avoid the complete loss of plant and animal diversity, Conservation Units have been created, areas for which it is necessary to understand ecological processes, especially those that maintain biodiversity. In this context, the present study verified the dispersal strategies of angiosperms in the Ecological Reserve Olho d'Água das Onças (REODDO), a conservation area located in the municipality of Picuí, a semiarid region of Paraíba state, Northeast Brazil. Twelve field trips were made between August 2022 and July 2023. The specimens obtained are incorporated into the HACAM Herbarium collection (not indexed). Ninety-five species of angiosperms belonging to 28 families were recorded, and we verified that 74.5% of those species had dry fruits and disperse their seeds through abiotic mechanisms (autochory or anemochory). Only 25.5% of the total number of species disperse their seeds via zoochoric means. This is likely a result of the semiarid nature of this phytogeographical domain, where fruits with large pericarps that are normally attractive to larger animals are atypical. Our results are fundamental to understanding ecological processes in natural environments in the semiarid regions of Brazilian and demonstrate the predominance of abiotic syndromes even in an Ecological Reserve area, where faunal diversity is probably greater than in non-protected areas. These results also contribute essential information that can be incorporated into management and restoration plans in Caatinga areas.

No semiárido brasileiro, o domínio fitogeográfico da Caatinga apresenta uma ampla diversidade florística e paradoxalmente as ações antrópicas, como o desmatamento para a agricultura e pecuária, representam ameaças constantes à redução da sua cobertura vegetal. No intuito de evitar a perda completa da diversidade vegetal e animal vêm sendo criadas as Unidades de Conservação, áreas para as quais torna-se necessário compreender as interações ecológicas, em especial, àquelas mantenedoras da biodiversidade. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo verificou as estratégias de dispersão das angiospermas na Reserva Ecológica Olho d'Água das Onças (REODDO), área de conservação localizada no município de Picuí, semiárido paraibano, Nordeste brasileiro. Os trabalhos de campo foram feitos entre agosto/2022 e julho/2023, totalizando 12 incursões. Os espécimes obtidos incorporados ao acervo do Herbário HACAM (não indexado). Foram registradas 95 espécies de angiospermas pertencentes a 28 famílias e verificou-se a prevalência das plantas que se dispersam por meio de vetores abióticos, ou seja, por autocoria e anemocoria, Condição esperada dadas a presença conspícuas de frutos secos, totalizando 74,5% das espécies, enquanto as espécies zoocóricas totalizaram apenas 25,5% do total, resultado da deficiência hídrica característica desse domínio fitogeográfico que não permite a presença de frutos de pericarpo com biomassa elevada, normalmente atrativos de animais de maior porte e, portanto, atípicos na vegetação xérica. Nossos resultados são fundamentais para a compreensão do funcionamento em ambientes naturais no semiárido brasileiro, demonstrando a predominância de síndromes abióticas mesmo em uma área de Reserva Ecológica, onde provavelmente a diversidade faunística seria maior que em áreas não protegidas; contribuindo com informações indispensáveis para a incorporação em planos de manejo e restauração em áreas de Caatinga.

Notes are supplied on the types of the species and varieties proposed in Cinnamomum and Camphora (Lauraceae) by Athanase de Lukmanoff. Four new combinations and one new name are proposed: viz. Camphora blandfordii, C. camphorata, C. glaucescens, Cinnamomum cubittii, and Timonius pedunculatus.

Continuing herbarium and literature research on Malesian orchids has identified five new synonyms and two new combinations.

Malaxis susanae from the Colombian Andes is described and illustrated as a new species of orchid. It resembles Malaxis carpinterae (Schltr.) Ames, but differs by the flowers that have a white (vs. green) lip and the disc cavity with the margin inconspicuously raised (vs. conspicuously raised in a retuse margin) at the apex. Notes on its distribution, habitat, floral phenology, etymology, related taxa, and conservation assessment are provided.

Malaxis susanae de los Andes colombianos es descrita e ilustrada como una nueva especie de orquídea. Se asemeja a Malaxis carpinterae (Schltr.) Ames, pero se diferencia por tener flores con el labio blanco (en comparación con verde) y la cavidad del disco con el margen discretamente elevado (en comparación conspicuamente elevado en un margen retuso) en el ápice. Se proporcionan notas sobre su distribución, hábitat, fenología floral, etimología, taxones relacionados y evaluación de conservación.

Architectural models reflect the genetic designs of tree growth and development from their juvenile to adult phases and the balance between endogenous growth processes and exogenous environmental restrictions. We analyzed six species growing in xeric Caatinga vegetation in northeastern Brazil (Jatropha mollissima var. mollissima, Mimosa paraibana, Sarcomphalus joazeiro, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Croton blanchetianus, and Pityrocarpa moniliformis) in terms of their architectural models and axis categories (growth modes, types of branching, branch geometry, and the presence or absence of reproductive structures). All of the species studied exhibited orthotropic orientation axes and rhythmic growth. As for the other axis categories, there were differences. Two architectural models were identified for the species: the Leeuwenberg model for J. mollissima and A. pyrifolium, and Rauh's model for C. blanchetianus, M. paraibana, S. joazeiro, and P. moniliformis. We identify the architectural models associated with the species analyzed, demonstrate their axis patterns, and provide a basis for future studies involving canopy architecture, especially with regard to the Brazilian semiarid region.

The Neotropical clade of Lecythidaceae—Lecythidoideae—comprises 10 genera and more than 230 woody species that are usually rainforest trees. Lecythidoideae range from Mexico to southeast Brazil but are most diverse and abundant in the central Amazon and Guiana Shield regions. Previous studies found weak support for monophyly in the two species rich Amazon-centered genera, Eschweilera and Lecythis, and ambiguous relationships within the Bertholletia clade (Eschweilera, Lecythis, Bertholletia and Corythophora). We performed a phylogenomic analysis of Lecythidoideae with focus on the Bertholletia clade, using target capture sequencing of 343 nuclear loci and 10 informative plastome regions. Our sampling included 206 individuals from 130 described Neotropical species and ca. 10 undescribed taxa. Our limited sampling outside the Bertholletia clade confirmed the monophyly of Grias, Gustavia, Couroupita, Allantoma, Cariniana, and Couratari. Within the Bertholletia clade, however, our work shows that Lecythis and Eschweilera, as currently circumscribed, are polyphyletic. To align Lecythidaceae taxonomy with phylogeny, we propose six genus name changes within the former Lecythis and Eschweilera. Our new circumscription maintains the core Lecythis (Ollaria clade) and Eschweilera (Parvifolia clade). For the clade comprising the Poiteau and Chartacea sections of Lecythis we reinstate Chytroma Miers. For the former Pisonis section of Lecythis we reinstate Pachylecythis Ledoux. For the former Tetrapetala section of Eschweilera we propose Imbiriba gen. nov. For the Corrugata clade (formerly of Lecythis) we propose Guaiania gen. nov. We propose to elevate the Integrifolia clade of Eschweilera as a new genus, Scottmoria gen. nov. We determined that the Manaus-area endemic, Eschweilera amazoniciformis, is an isolated sister lineage to Corythophora and Imbiriba. We recognize this species as the monotypic genus Waimiria gen. nov. Our proposal for taxonomic changes highlights distinct evolutionary histories and eliminates paraphyletic and polyphyletic genera, resulting in 60 name changes for species or subspecies.

Ampelocera percyhernandezii, a new tree species restricted to dry forest remnants located inside inter-Andean valleys in the upper Magdalena River basin (Cundinamarca and Tolima departments), is described and illustrated. The new taxon is proposed here based on a literature survey, examination of numerous herbarium exssicatae, and field observations. Ampelocera percyhernandezii is morphologically similar to A. albertiae, A. longissima and A. macphersoni. However, the differences between these species are contrasted in the diagnosis, discussion, Table 1, and the species key. The figures show fresh and dried material and a geographical distribution map based on occurrence records. Following the IUCN assessment tool, the conservation status of A. percyhernandezii is provisionally determined as endangered (EN). Additionally, habitat information, phenology, the vernacular names, and a key to the species of Ampelocera are provided. This new species raises to ten the number of Ampelocera taxa. Colombia has the highest diversity of the genus with seven species.

Ampelocera percyhernandezii, una nueva especie de árboles restringida a los remanentes de bosques secos localizados en los valles interandinos de la cuenca alta del río Magdalena (departamentos de Cundinamarca y Tolima), es descrita e ilustrada. Este nuevo taxon, se basó en revisiones bibliográficas, el estudio de numerosos exsiccata de herbarios, y observaciones en campo. Ampelocera percyhernandezii es morfológicamente similar a A. albertiae, A. longissima y A. macphersoni. Sin embargo, las diferencias con estas especies son contrastadas en la diagnosis, la tabla 1, las discusiones, y en la clave de las especies. Las figuras muestran el material fresco, seco, y un mapa distribución geográfica basado en los registros aquí presentados. De acuerdo a la evaluación de IUCN, el estado de conservación de A. percyhernandezii esta provisionalmente determinado como en peligro (EN). Adicionalmente, se presenta información acerca del hábitat, fenología, nombres vernaculos, y una clave para la identificación de las especies de Ampelocera. Esta nueva especie eleva en 10 el número de especies de Ampelocera. Colombia, es el país que posee la mayor diversidad del género con 7 especies.