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We describe a new genus of symmoriiform chondrichthyan from the Late Mississippian Fayetteville Shale of Arkansas, USA and include this fossil in a phylogenetic analysis of chondrichthyans. This taxon possesses elongate cartilaginous rays extending from the gill arches, forming an operculate structure that covers at least two of the branchial arches farther posteriorly. Although presence of a ‘hyoid operculum′ has been postulated in at least two unrelated Paleozoic sharks (e.g., Triodus, Tristychius), subsequent investigations failed to corroborate those claims. The new fossil therefore provides the first evidence of an endoskeletal operculum formed by elongate, fused pharyngeal arch rays in a chondrichthyan.
Un nouveau chondrichtyen symmoriiforme operculé du Mississippien supérieur Fayetteville Shale (Arkansas, États-Unis).
Nous décrivons un nouveau genre de chondrichthyen symmoriiforme des schistes Fayetteville du Mississippien supérieur de l′Arkansas, aux États-Unis, et incluons ce fossile dans une analyse phylogénétique des chondrichthyens. Ce poisson possède des rayons cartilagineux allongés s′étendant des arcs branchiaux, formant une structure operculaire qui couvre au moins deux des arcs branchiaux plus en arrière. Bien que la présence d′un «opercule hyoïde» ait été inféré chez au moins deux requins paléozoïques non apparentés (par exemple, Triodus, Tristychius), des études ultérieures n′ont pas permis de corroborer ces affirmations. Le nouveau fossile fournit donc la première preuve d′un opercule endosquelettique formé par des rayons pharyngiens allongés et fusionnés chez un chondrichthyen.
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