The holotype of Hapalotremus albipes Simon, 1903 is redescribed. Four new species of the genus Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 are described: Hapalotremus apasanka sp. nov., Hapalotremus hananqheswa sp. nov., and Hapalotremus kaderkai sp. nov. from Peru, and Hapalotremus yuraqchanka sp. nov. from Bolivia. Discussion on palpal bulb morphology, ontogenetic spermathecal morphology, and biogeography is presented. Historical information about collectors and comments on the accession numbers and other label information of historical specimens is also presented.

A new species of jumping spider from the genus Afraflacilla Berland & Millot, 1941 is described from India. A detailed morphological description, diagnosis and illustrations of the reproductive organs are provided. Distribution of the new species is also mapped.

Habitat selection can be influenced by abiotic factors such as rain and wind. Spiders build webs that are subjected to wind, thus making habitat selection that much more important for individual spiders. I examined the webs of the grass spider Agelenopsis actuosa (Gertsch & Ivie, 1936), to determine whether they differed in shape, size, and attachment points in short versus tall vegetation in the same general area. I hypothesized that short-grass webs would be larger in diameter, closer to the ground, have more numerous attachments to vegetation, and have specific orientations that accounted for the dominant wind directions. Webs in short grass were significantly shorter in diameter (mean short = 23 ± 6 cm, mean tall = 25 ± 6 cm), lower to the ground (mean short = 7 + 3 cm, mean tall = 17 + 5 cm), and had more numerous attachments (mean short = 24 + 6 attachments, mean tall = 10 + 2 attachments) than webs in tall grass. Short-grass webs were significantly oriented towards north while tall-grass webs showed no significant web orientation. My findings suggest that short-grass webs were smaller because of the wind, and are a predictable circular shape with more attachments. Tall-grass webs were a longer oval in shape, with fewer attachments. Webs are possibly more rigid in short grass with significant orientation perpendicular to the dominant wind direction, possibly for spider thermoregulation.

Three new genera of salticids are established: Detalik gen. n., Drobinka gen. n., and Malizna gen. n. Five new species of thiratoscirtine jumping spiders from Nigeria are diagnosed, described, and illustrated: Detalik anthonyi sp. n. (♂♀), D. ibadan sp. n. (♂), D. idanrensis sp. n. (♀), Drobinka parvula sp. n. (♂♀), and Malizna admirabilis sp n. (♂♀). The last species is also found in Uganda.

Invasive species often expand their niche and broaden their habitat preferences when they colonize new areas. The cave orb spider Meta bourneti (Simon, 1922) is thought to be a relatively recent invasive species in the UK, and anecdotal evidence suggests that it might be found in a broader range of habitats in the UK than in its native range in southern Europe. In the present study, I investigate these claims, by first comparing the distribution and habitat preferences of M. bourneti to the more common cave orb spider Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) in the UK using historic data from the UK Spider Recording Scheme. Second, I use data obtained mainly from published studies to compare M. bourneti populations in the UK with those from France, Italy, and Spain. The results confirm that the M. bourneti habitat preferences are significantly different from both M. menardi and from populations in southern Europe in that the UK populations are predominantly found in non-cave dark habitats such as under manhole covers, in culverts, and icehouses with only 11% of records coming from caves and mines. My results indicate that M. bourneti offers significant potential for further studies including citizen science projects since several observations were made in private gardens.

Spiders collected as part of a rapid biodiversity survey in an isolated forest patch in the northern part of Madagascar contained a new species of Katableps. The male of Katableps lilyarisoni n. sp. is characterized by the pale fusiform metatarsus and tarsus of the first leg pair and details of the palp, the female by the widely separated spermathecae and broad copulatory ducts. It is most likely that other forest patches may contain more species of this remarkable taxon of forest-dwelling lycosids.

The poorly known species of wafer-lid trapdoor spider Bolostromus panamanus (Petrunkevitch, 1925) (Mygalomorphae: Cyrtaucheniidae) is formally reported from Costa Rica for the first time, based on a female collected in Puerto Viejo de Talamanca. The specimen is described and the first pictures of a living specimen, diagnostic traits, and spermathecae of the species are provided

A survey of 26 species of Salticidae newly collected from the Na Hang Nature Reserve (NW Vietnam) is presented. A new monotypic genus is established: Rhenefictus gen. n. (type species: Rhenefictus tropicus sp. n.). Nine new species are described: Chinophrys pulcra sp. n. (♀), Myrmarachne fredwanlessi sp. n. (♂♀), M. singulare sp. n. (♂), Orcevia terrestre sp. n. (♂), Pancorius nahang sp. n. (♀), P. pseudomagnus sp. n. (♀), Rhenefictus tropicus sp. n. (♂), Thiania zabkai sp. n. (♂♀), Toxeus yamasakii sp. n. (♂♀). Three new synonyms are established: Cheliceroides Żabka, 1985 syn. n. with Colopsus Simon, 1902; Langerra longicymbia Song & Chai, 1991 syn. n. with Langerra oculina Żabka, 1985; Thyene radialis Xie & Peng, 1995 syn. n. with Thyene orientalis Żabka, 1985. One synonymy is reinstated: Myrmarachne gorontaloensis Yamasaki, 2012, syn. rev. with M. bicuspidata Yamasaki, 2012. Two new combinations are proposed: Bathippus brevipalpis (Roy, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2016), comb. n., and Colopsus longipalpis (Żabka, 1985), comb. n., both ex Cheliceroides.

The replacement name Xysticus logunovorum nomen novum is proposed for the crab spider species Xysticus logunovi Ono & Martens, 2005, which is preoccupied by Xysticus logunovi Seyfulina & Mikhailov, 2004.

Sexual dimorphism in scorpions is generally retrieved for a similar subset of body parts and is presumed to result from alternative types of selection operating on homologous structures in each sex. Even so, investigations which use static allometry as a method for testing specific hypotheses relating to selection remain limited. Sexual dimorphism in the majority of South African scorpion species is poorly investigated, especially in the genus Opistophthalmus, of which the endemic Karoo burrowing scorpion O. karrooensis is nearly completely data deficient. The current study investigates patterns of sexual dimorphism and static allometry in O. karrooensis, based on external morphology. Following character scaling on carapace length, patterns of sexual dimorphism in this species indicate the elongation of male appendages (pedipalp segments, legs, pectines, metasoma, and telson), while females display wider bodies and wide, thick pedipalp segments. These patterns possibly point to an enhanced reproductive output and parental care in females, coupled to a sedentary lifestyle and generalist feeding strategy. Conversely, the male morphology is likely adapted for greater vagility, but should also function during mate-trailing and sexual interactions. In line with these explanations, the body parts in both sexes indicate static allometric patterns pointing (at least in part) to the potential influence of either natural or sexual selection, but further reveal the possibility of intense selection on a number of body parts. Taken together, the selective forces which shape scorpion morphology may be complex, relating to multiple functions of body parts and life-history differences between the sexes.

Anelosimus jabaquara (Theridiidae) is a social spider that lives in communal nests using tree leaves as retreats and it is known only from Brazil. There have been no studies that address sexual aspects in this species. This paper describes the sperm induction of this species under laboratory conditions. Out of a total of 20 males, we observed eight males performing sperm induction after copulation. Sperm web characteristics and description of the male behaviour during sperm induction are described. We also compared this process with that of the subsocial spider Anelosimus vierae.

A faunistic revision of the jumping spider genus Titanattus Peckham & Peckham, 1885 from Argentina, and full colour photographs of living specimens for every recorded species, are presented. A new species, T. sciosciae n. sp. (male and female, from Argentina), is described. Two different groups within the genus, andinus and pegaseus, are proposed. An identification key for species from Argentina is provided.