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We illustrate Phrynus tessellatus in detail from northwestern Trinidad and present the first record of a population in South America. In addition, we describe the mating behaviour and spermatophore formation, which show no significant differences useful for taxonomic analysis within the genus, but among different genera and families. However, after deposition of the spermatophore on the substrate, the male modifies the anterior parts of the head with its chelicera. This behaviour differs markedly from related phrynid species. The purpose of this unexpected procedure is not clear and further research is necessary.
The current state of knowledge of the spiders, harvestmen and pseudoscorpions of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia is summarized. Forty-six spider species, 1 harvestman and 1 pseudoscorpion species are listed for the Falkland Islands and 6 spider species for South Georgia. Introduced species not yet proven to be established are also listed. The distribution of species within the islands and their biogeography is discussed.
A new species, Vinathela nahang n. sp. (♂), from the Tower Karst Region of northern Vietnam is described on the basis of two males, using an integrative approach from morphological and molecular data.
Allocosa senex is distributed along the sandy coasts of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. Individuals are nocturnal and build burrows in the sand, where they stay during the day and in the Southern Hemisphere winter. Most studies of this species have been carried out in estuarine or oceanic beaches. A. senex faces an important environmental stress because its habitat, particularly in coastal lagoons, is affected by periodic floods. The behavioural responses of individuals of this species under those conditions are unknown. Our objective was to estimate the abundance, density, and cursorial dispersal of A. senex in two beaches of a coastal lagoon in Rocha, Uruguay. Additionally, we tested A. senex behavioural responses to floods under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the abundance and dispersal ability of A. senex individuals are higher at sites with greater availability of suitable habitat. Females were the most mobile sex and showed the highest recapture frequencies. A. senex individuals survived artificial floods and displayed swimming and diving behaviours. These results suggest a high degree of adaptation of this wolf spider to inhabit coastal environments and cope with its extreme variations.
The hosts and cocoon webs of koinobiont-ectoparasitic wasps in the genus Eruga Townes in Townes & Townes, 1960 are known for only two species. We describe here the host spider and cocoon web of a third Eruga species: E. telljohanniGauld, 1991. This wasp parasitizes LeucaugeWhite, 1841 species, which are induced to construct a highly modified cocoon web, with a small flat sheet and long radii. The larval cocoon lies along the longest axis attached to the centre of the sheet. This cocoon web differs markedly from the cocoon web induced by E. gutfreundiGauld, 1991 in Leucauge mariana (Taczanowski in Keyserling, 1881).
A new species of the genus MetacyrbaF. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901 (Salticidae), M. alberti sp. nov., is described from Cuba, representing the first species of the genus known from Cuba. The new species is compared to and diagnosed from other species of the genus.
First description of the male of Icius grassei (Berland & Millot, 1941) comb. nov. is presented. Reasons for the transfer of this species to the genus Icius are discussed and justified. New records of this species are given.
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