Specimens of tiny galatheoid squat lobsters from the Miocene-Pliocene Purisima Formation exposed near Santa Cruz, California form the basis for description of a new species, Munida prolata. The discovery is only the sixth fossil occurrence of Munida Leach, 1820, and the ninth reported occurrence of Galatheoidea in North America. The specimens are preserved within concretions containing numerous fragments of the squat lobsters along with decapod coprolites that may have been produced by M. prolata.

Broad-clawed shrews of the Cryptotis goldmani group (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) are discontinuously distributed in temperate highlands from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico, to Honduras. The group represents a clade within the small-eared shrews (genus Cryptotis Pomel, 1848) that is characterized by modifications of the forelimb, including broadened fore-feet, elongated and broadened fore-claws, and a massive humerus with enlarged processes. Two species of C. goldmani group shrews have been recorded previously from Honduras: C. magnimanus Woodman and Timm, 1999, is endemic to the Cordillera de Montecillos, and C. goodwini Jackson, 1933, which also occurs in the Sierra Madre of southern Guatemala, has been recorded from three isolated highland regions with remnant forest in western Honduras. Morphological and morphometrical analyses of variation in the skull and postcranial skeleton within and among the three Honduran populations of C. goodwini reveal that each represents a distinct species of broad-clawed shrew. These are described herein as three new species of the C. goldmani group: Cryptotis celaque, Cryptotis mccarthyi, and Cryptotis cavatorculus, and their locomotory ability and substrate use are characterized relative to other small-eared shrews.

The flea genus Traubia Smit, 1953, endemic to Papua New Guinea and Papua Province (Indonesia), is reviewed as a continuation of the study of fleas (Siphonaptera) in the Robert Traub Collection deposited in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This paper (Part III) is an extension of previous studies by Hastriter (2012), Hastriter and Easton (2013, Part I, Striopsylla), and Hastriter (2014, Part II, Nestivalius, Orthopsylloides, and Parastivalius). Two new subgenera are delimited within the genus Traubia (nominotypical subgenus Traubia and Kuruopsylla, new subgenus). The genus Traubia contains four valid species (Mardon 1981): T. egregia Smit, 1953; T. kuru Holland, 1969; T. peristigma Holland, 1969; and T. vandeuseni Holland, 1969. The male of T. peristigma is described for the first time and the species is placed in the new subgenus Traubia along with T. (T.) egregia, T. (T.) vandeuseni, and four newly described taxa: T. (T.) durdeni, T. (T.) pilgrimi, T. (T.) traubi, and T. (T.) wilhelmensis. The male of T. kuru is described for the first time and is placed in the new subgenus Kuruopsylla with four additional newly described taxa: T. (K.) eaglini, T. (K.) mulcahyi, T. (K.) oharai, and T. (K.) ungerechti [both male and female sexes were described for T. (K.) oharai]. With the description of these eight new species, the total number of species in the superfamily Pygiopsylloidea in Papua Province (Indonesia), Papua New Guinea (including Bismarck Archipelago), and the Solomon Islands is 101. An additional eight species belonging to three other flea families (Ischnopsyllidae (3), Pulicidae (3), and Leptopsyllidae (2)) bring the total number of flea taxa to 109 species (including subspecies). A key to the species of Traubia is provided.

The braincase from the Upper Jurassic (lower Tithonian) Morrison Formation of the Carnegie Quarry at Dinosaur National Monument (Utah), which was assigned to the ankylopollexian iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur Uteodon aphanoecetes (Carpenter and Wilson, 2008) is actually that of the dryosaurid iguanodontian Dryosaurus cf. D. altus (Marsh, 1878). The purported braincase autapomorphy of U. aphanoecetes, occipital condyle projects farther ventrally than basal tubera, is an artifact of damage to the latter structures in this specimen. The newly identified braincase of Dryosaurus Marsh, 1894, reveals features that are not easily observed in other specimens of this taxon, such as well-developed fossae on the anterior surfaces of the paroccipital processes and a spike-shaped parasphenoid that lacks the dorsal process seen in Dysalotosaurus Virchow, 1919. The distinction of this latter dryosaurid genus from Dryosaurus is here regarded as tentative.

The removal of the braincase in question from the hypodigm of U. aphanoecetes substantially reduces the morphological difference between this taxon and another ankylopollexian species, Camptosaurus dispar (Marsh, 1879). Furthermore, some of the postcranial characters used to support the proposed sister-taxon relationship of U. aphanoecetes and Cumnoria prestwichii (Hulke, 1880) are based on hypothetical reconstructions of selected skeletal elements of the latter, or are more widespread within Ornithopoda. The ilium of Cumnoria prestwichii cannot currently be distinguished from that of Camptosaurus dispar based on known material. Indeed, the only presently recognized autapomorphy of Cumnoria prestwichii is the small size of the opening into the maxillary sinus on the dorsomedial side of the maxilla (i.e., the intramaxillary fossa); in Camptosaurus dispar, by contrast, this opening is large and occupies most of the dorsomedial surface of the bone. This single feature is not considered sufficient to warrant the continued separation of the genera Camptosaurus Marsh, 1885, and Cumnoria Seeley, 1888. Similarly, the anatomical differences between U. aphanoecetes and Camptosaurus dispar are regarded as meriting distinction at the species rather than the genus level. Consequently, the genera Cumnoria Seeley, 1888, and Uteodon McDonald, 2011, are here regarded as junior subjective synonyms of Camptosaurus Marsh, 1885 (Cumnoria as revised synonymy, and Uteodon as new synonymy). The species Cumnoria prestwichii and Uteodon aphanoecetes are returned to the genus Camptosaurus, as Camptosaurus prestwichii, revised combination, and Camptosaurus aphanoecetes, revised combination, respectively.