The cranial osteology of the megachiropteran Pteropus Brisson, 1762, was the subject of recent study that covered all of the skull bones in significant detail, except for the anatomy of the nasal capsule. Here, we describe and illustrate the internal nasal skeleton of Pteropus lylei K. Andersen, 1908, using histological sections of a fetus and high resolution X-ray computed tomographic (HRXCT) imagery of an adult specimen. The internal nasal skeleton of Pteropus lacks a rostral nasoturbinal and includes a caudal nasoturbinal that corresponds to the ossified crista semicircularis of the fetus; three endoturbinals; one ectoturbinal; the maxilloturbinal; and a low basal crest that may represent a rudimentary element. We describe in detail the structure and connections of these elements in Pteropus. The maxilloturbinal is the largest element. In cross section, the caudal nasoturbinal is unilaminar, the maxilloturbinal is double bilaminar (i.e., each of the basal twin laminae splits further into two secondary laminae), and the other elements range from incipient to asymmetrically double bilaminar (i.e., one branch simple, the other split). All turbinais of the ethmoidal labyrinth contribute to the cribriform plate, creating a specific pattern of cribriform foramina. The elements found in Pteropus are compared with those of other well-known mammals with relatively few turbinai elements, including other bats, primates, canids, and marsupials. We show that, despite terminological discrepancies across studies, homologies are straightforward to establish among these taxa and so comparative or phylogenetic studies may benefit from inclusion of turbinai characters.

The infraorders Ceratophyllomorpha, Hystrichopsyllomorpha, Pulicomorpha, and Pygiopsyllomorpha erected by Medvedev (1998) have been elevated to subordinal entities. A systematic review of the suborder Pygiopsyllomorpha is provided. Three families (Lycopsyllidae, Pygiopsyllidae, and Stivaliidae) are recognized in the superfamily Pygiopsylloidea and a new subfamily, Farhangiinae is erected within Stivaliidae. A new genus and species, Wilsonipsylla spinicoxa, is described in the family Stivaliidae. A generic key is provided for the suborder Pygiopsyllomorpha. To date, 84 valid flea species are recognized in “New Guinea” (West Papua and Papua New Guinea) (to include W. spinicoxa), while the author is aware of more than 30 additional new species from multiple described genera.

The taxonomic validity of the eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian Conemaugh Group of North America is confirmed on the basis of a detailed restudy of two specimens: the holotype, based on a partial skull roof from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the skull and postcranial material of a second specimen from an approximately equivalent stratigraphie level in West Virginia that was originally referred to Eryops cf. E. avinoffi (Romer), but is reassessed here as G. avinoffi. This contradicts a previous redescription of the holotype of G. avinoffi as referable to Eryops Cope, 1882. A single unique feature, the presence of three large, fang-like tusks on the ectopterygoid, distinguishes Glaukerpeton from all other eryopids. A cladistic analysis was performed using 19 cranial and two postcranial characters to clarify the phylogenetic relationships between Glaukerpeton Romer, 1952, and the only other eryopids in which the skull anatomies are well known: the Late Pennsylvanian—Early Permian Eryops and the Early Permian Onchiodon Geinitz, 1861. The resultant cladogram indicates that Eryops and Onchiodon share a more recent common ancestor than either does with Glaukerpeton. The position of Glaukerpeton as a basalmost taxon may indicate that the ancestry of Eryopidae predates the Late Pennsylvanian. The possession of lateral line sulci, ossified ceratobranchials, and a thinly ossified skull roof indicates a probable aquatic habitus of the adult Glaukerpeton. Reconstructions are presented for the first time of the holotypic skull roof in dorsal view and the cranium and mandible of the referred specimen in various views.

Five new species of anilline ground beetles are described from Alabama. Two species, Anillinus kingi, new species, and Anillinus davidsoni, new species, are litter and endogean species, respectively, from Blount Mountain Ridge (St. Clair County). Anillinus cavicola, new species, and Anillinus tombarri, new species, are troglobitic species from caves in Marshall County and the limestone belt of the Wills Creek Anticline (De Kalb County), respectively. Anillinus tombarri, at 3 mm length, is the largest representative of the genus known to science. Anillinus hirsutus, new species (Keel Mountain, Madison/Jackson Counties) is unique within the genus because of peculiarities of ventral vestiture not documented in other Anillinus species. Additional county records are given for Anillinus folkertsi Sokolov and Carlton, Anillinus steevesi Barr, and Anillinus valentinei (Jeannel). With these new discoveries, the known Alabama Anillinus fauna now includes eight species. All species are illustrated with images and drawings, and a key to the Alabama species is provided.