Supplementary diagnostic characters of genera in the tribe Discocerinini are suggested. A new genus Aquachasma Zatwarnicki, type species: Discocerina leucoprocta Loew, 1861 is described with 24 new combinations of all included species. Genus Polytrichophora is divided into the nominate subgenus and a new subgenus Sklodowskopa Zatwarnicki, type species: Clasiopa duplosetosa Becker, 1896. Genus Orasiopa is divided into the nominate subgenus and a new subgenus Reymontopa Zatwarnicki, type species: Discocerina mera Cresson, 1939. The shape of the proboscis of all genera of Discocerinini is provided, including variability of cibarium and pseudotracheae. The ventral receptacles of 6 genera (Aquachasma, Facitrichophora, Galaterina, Hydrochasma, Lamproclasiopa, and Pectinifer) are illustrated for the first time. Additional support for generic status for recently established taxa (Orasiopa, Lamproclasiopa, Galaterina, and Facitrichophora) is documented. The revised relationship among Discocerinini genera based mostly on proboscal characters is proposed. Four groups are distinguished — 1) Gymnoclasiopa group with nominate genus, 2) Diclasiopa group with Diclasiopa, Ditrichophora, Hecamedoides and Pectinifer, 3) Lamproclasiopa group with Galaterina, Lamproclasiopa, Orasiopa (subgenera Reymontopa and Orasiopa) and 4) Discocerina group with Aquachasma, Discocerina, Facitrichophora, Hydrochasma, and Polytrichophora (subgenera Polytrichophora and Sklodowskopa).

A new species of the army ant genus Aenictus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) is described. Aenictus seletarius sp. nov., belonging to the Aenictus minutulus species group, was discovered from a single subterranean pitfall trap in Singapore. Like A. subterraneus and A. changmaianus in this species group, A. seletarius displays substantial variation in body size within the worker caste. An updated key to the Aenictus minutulus species group from Southeast Asia is presented.

Tetramorium atlante Cagniant, 1970, new status, a member of Tetramorium semilaeve complex is redescribed based on new material from northern Morocco. Detailed descriptions of gyne and male are given for the first time. Diagnosis differentiating this species from T. semilaeve is given, along with colour photographs of all castes and male genitalia.

Phytodietus (Phytodietus) cooperi sp. nov. (Ichneumonidae, Tryphoninae) from Ecuador is described and illustrated. This is the first representative of the genus from South America, and extends the range of known morphological variation within Phytodietus.

The Malagasy planthopper genus Paraflata is revised. To the three previously known species (P. seminigra, P. kingdomi and P. dewalschei) two new ones are added and described: P. masoalae sp. nov. and P. unispinosa sp. nov. Their distribution is discussed and a bipolar distribution (from mountain and coastal biotopes) is reported for P. dewalschei. During morphological investigations, several dead pupae of unidentified Lepidoptera Epipyropidae specimens were discovered attached to the planthopper abdomens. This is the first report for the genus Paraflata of these planthopper parasitic moths, which might be considered, in this particular interspecific interaction, rather as ectoparasites than as parasitoids.

The aim of the study was to describe the morphological structure, including chaetotaxy, of the previously unknown early (L₁) and late (L_2-3) larval instars of Gyrophaena boleti and to present certain aspects of their behaviour, mainly associated with their means of collecting food. G. boleti is probably the only member of its genus that breeds inside tubes of the open hymenium of the polycarp Fomitopsis pinicola. It was established that certain morphological characters and aspects of the behaviour of the larvae are an expression of the species' adaptation to its preferred host. Thus such characters as body shape, some shortened structures on the head and thorax, the shape of the setae and the length of the urogomphi are the result of synchronic evolution of the larvae with its specific microhabitat, i.e. the narrow tubes of the hymenium. Morphological differences between early and late larval instars of G. boleti involve 17 characters, including 10 new ones that have not previously been noted in gyrophaenines. The level of activity of the tergal gland system varies depending on the age of the larvae, which is probably linked to differences in the structure of the setae on abdominal tergite VIII. The function of these setae was explained for the first time, and a hypothesis was put forth regarding a recognition-aggregation function of tergal gland secretion with respect to individuals within species. The morphological structure of the mature larvae of G. boleti was compared with that of G. nana, which is the only Gyrophaena larva that has been sufficiently well illustrated, and 16 traits differentiating these species were distinguished.

Five species of Dicranolaius Champion: D. armstrongianus Wittmer, 1954; D. bellulus (Boisduval, 1835); D. rugulipennis (Fairmaire, 1877); D. spinicornis Wittmer, 1954 and D. villosus (Lea, 1899) are diagnosed, described and illustrated. The lectotypes of Laius rugulipennis Fairmaire, 1877 and Laius nodicornis Blackburn, 1888 have been designated.

Ripiphoridae phylogeny inferred from rRNA and mtDNA markers and 23 taxa from four subfamilies is presented. Despite much denser sampling than previous studies and completeness of the assembled dataset, the phylogenetic signal from molecular markers remains ambiguous. The dataset does not support monophyly of Ripiphoridae and suggests the Ripiphoridae Mordellidae clade with ripiphorid lineages forming gradual splits basally to Mordellidae. Previous hypotheses on relationships of Meloidae and Ripiphoridae and a single origin of developmental modifications are refuted. The ripiphorid subfamilies are regularly recovered and we found Pelecotominae and Ptilophorinae among deep splits. Ripidiinae, despite morphological divergence, are regularly found within the ripiphorid mordellid clade in a sister relationships to Ripiphorinae Mordellidae. Molecular phylogeny of Ptilophorus Dejean supports a hypothesis about their Gondwanan origin and subsequent dispersal to the Northern hemisphere. The clade Macrosiagon Hentz Metoecus Dejean is well defined and majority consensus suggests a terminal position of Metoecus within Macrosiagon and the inferred subclades agree with the morphology-based species-groups. Ripiphorus caboverdianus Batelka & Straka, 2011 is lowered to a subspecies of R. arabiafelix Batelka, 2009.

Paurodontella iranica sp. nov. is described and illustrated from West Azerbayjan province, Northwestern Iran. The new species was recovered from a soil sample from rhizosphere of Rosa persica Michx. ex Juss. It is characterized by body length of 681–1024 µm in females, lateral fields with four incisures; outer incisures crenate and inner smooth, stylet 8–9 µm long with asymmetrical knobs, excretory pore 100–140 µm far from anterior end, hemizonid 8–10 µm anterior to excretory pore, basal bulb with long stem-like extension projecting into the intestine, post-uterine sac rudimentary, tail short and sub-cylindrical. Mail tail conical with subterminal bursa. By having oviduct not branching to form a uterine diverticulum, the new species comes close to four known species of the genus namely P. densa (Thorne, 1941), P. balochistanica Handoo, Iqbal, Kazi et Fayyaz, 2010, P. niger (Thorne, 1941), P. asymmetrica (Tikyani et Khera, 1968). It resembles most closely P. balochistanica but differs from it by shorter stylet with asymmetrical knobs, more posteriorly located vulva and lateral field with four incisures. The sequence of D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA was provided for the new species. This is the first record of Paurodontella from Iran.

The genus Planostibes Gemminger et Harold, 1870 belongs to subtribe Stizopina Lacordaire, 1859 which consists of endemic genera distributed in southern Africa and Madagascar. Five new species of Planostibes are described: P. bogdanowiczi, P. kaminskii, P. khoikhoi, P. longitibialis and P. schawalleri.