Numerous studies have shown that testosterone (T) increases singing rates of passerine birds, but much less is known about the influence of T on non-song vocalizations, particularly in non-passerine species. Woodpeckers (order Piciformes) give several non-song vocalizations in a variety of social contexts throughout the year, including whinny and pik calls. We gave free-living male Downy Woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens) subcutaneous T implants during the non-breeding period to determine whether the incidences of these calls were greater among experimental males and their female partners compared to control males and females. We also tested whether calls were given more or less often when pair members were spatially proximate, and whether T treatment affected this pattern. Both call types were more likely given when pair members were nearby (<40 m), and this was true regardless of T treatment. Surprisingly, both males with T-implants and their female partners showed significantly lower incidences of whinny calls than control birds, and the female partners of T-implanted males also gave fewer pik calls. We attributed these patterns to the possible effect of T on non-vocal behaviors that influenced the social relationship between members of a pair.