Distributional and biological notes are provided for 120 species of Buprestidae from Canada and the United States in the following 26 genera/subgenera: Acmaeodera Eschscholtz, 1829, Agrilaxia (Agrilaxia) Kerremans, 1903, Agrilus Curtis, 1825, Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) Reitter, 1911, Anthaxia (Melanthaxia) Richter, 1949, Aphanisticus Latreille, 1829, Brachys Dejean, 1833, Buprestis (Buprestis) Linnaeus, 1758, Buprestis (Cypriacis) Casey, 1909, Buprestis (Knulliobuprestis) Kurosawa, 1988, Buprestis (Stereosa) Casey, 1909, Chrysobothris Eschscholtz, 1829, Dicerca Eschscholtz, 1829, Eupristocerus Deyrolle, 1864, Gyascutus (Gyascutus) LeConte, 1858, Lampetis (Spinthoptera) Casey, 1909, Mastogenius Solier, 1849, Melanophila Eschscholtz, 1829, Paragrilus Saunders, 1871, Paratyndaris (Paratyndaris) Fisher, 1919, Phaenops Dejean, 1833, Poecilonota Eschscholtz, 1829, Polycesta (Tularensia) Nelson, 1997, Spectralia Casey, 1909, Taphrocerus Solier, 1833, and Xenorhipis LeConte, 1866. Clarifying comments are provided for several previously published records from North America, including the Palearctic species Agrilus integerrimus (Ratzeburg, 1837) and Buprestis (Ancylocheira) hameorrhoidalis Herbst, 1780, which are considered erroneous and are excluded from the North American fauna.