Leopoldinia is palm genus with three species, L. major, L. pulchra and Leopoldinia piassaba. The taxonomic status of these three species is supported by vegetative and reproductive morphological evidence. There are some conflicting views of the treatment of two species, L. major and L. pulchra, which some authors consider a single species and others as two separate species. The findings in this study show that L. major and L. pulchra have three distinct anatomical features that support their species status. First, the dorsiventral leaf type of L. pulchra as opposed to the isolateral leaf type of L. major. Second, the epidermis of L. pulchra is formed by fibrous and tannin filled cells while in L. major epidermal cells are thin walled cells. Third, stomata distribution in L. major is amphistomatic and in L. pulchra is hypostomatic. These anatomical features are consistent with the horizontal and pendulous appearance of their respective pinnae.