Two new species of Polygala (Polygalaceae) from the phytogeographic province of La Payunia are reported: Polygala payuniensis, endemic to northern Neuquén and southern Mendoza provinces, Argentina; and Polygala nevadensis, endemic to Sierra del Nevado in Mendoza province, Argentina. The new species are described in detail, illustrated, and their informal conservation status calculated. A distribution map and photos of the dissected structures are provided for both species as well as photos of the living plant and the environment for P. payuniensis. Also, an updated key to the species of Polygala Sect. Clincinia is provided.