Larvae of Caeculisoma brazilensis Noei & Šundić sp. nov. (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) collected from Brazil, is described and illustrated. This is the second species of the genus from Brazil. A key to the larval species of Caeculisoma of the world is presented and the key to world genera of larval Callidosomatinae are amended. We suggest considering Iguatonia seemani Xu & Jin, 2020 as a junior synonym of Dambullaeus jianfengensis Xu & Jin, 2020.