Viticulture is one of the main economic activities in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, with emphasis on the American grape varieties, Vitis labrusca L. (Vitaceae), used in producing juices and wines. The present work aimed to identify the mite species associated with American grapevines (V. labrusca), their possible natural enemies, and their population fluctuations. The selected varieties were: Bordô (Bd) and Couderc (Cc and Cd) in Dois Lajeados (RS), Bordô (Bi) in Imigrante (RS) and Bordô (Bp), in Putinga (RS). The study was conducted monthly between March 2017 and March 2018, evaluating 20 randomly selected plants from each municipality. We found 5,452 mites belonging to 13 families, distributed across 29 genera and 42 species, or belonging to the suborder Oribatida. Higher mite richness was observed on Cc (12 species) and higher abundance on Cd (2,812 specimens), Cc (868) and Bi (799). Among the predatory mite families, Stigmaeidae had the highest abundance (896 specimens), followed by Phytoseiidae (746). The most abundant species observed were Euseius mesembrinus (Dean), Agistemus riograndensis Johann & Ferla, Tydeus californicus (Banks), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) and Tarsonemus sp. This is the first study in southern Brazil that evaluates and reports the mite fauna and its ecology on American grape varieties, with high abundance and frequency of predatory mites. This work is important to assist in implementing management techniques that promote the maintenance of predatory mite species in these vineyards.