The genus Setoxylobates (Oribatida, Haplozetidae) is recorded in Taiwan for the first time; one new species of this genus is described based on adults from soil of mountain tea farm in Taiwan. Setoxylobates taigangensis Ermilov sp. nov. differs from Setoxylobates foveolatusBalogh & Mahunka, 1967 in having smaller body size and setiform bothridial setae, and the absence of foveolae on the body. Revised generic diagnosis and an identification key to known species of Setoxylobates are provided. The taxonomic status and systematic placement of some related poronotic taxa are discussed, resulting in the following new taxonomic proposals: ProtoribatesBerlese, 1908 (=Lignobates Mahunka, 2006 syn. nov.); SetoxylobatesBalogh & Mahunka, 1967 (=PlenoxylobatesHammer, 1979syn. nov.). A new species name is proposed: Protoribates mahunkasandori Ermilov nom. nov. (=Lignobates berndhauseriMahunka, 2006, preoccupied by Mahunka 1993). The initial generic status of PolyxylobatesHammer, 1973 and the position of Perxylobates mayuloeusCorpuz-Raros, 1979 in Perxylobates are supported.