In this paper, four new species of the Eriophyidae are described and illustrated, namely Tetra banqiaoensis sp. nov. from Populus sp. (Salicaceae), Tetra virga sp. nov. from Rhododendron irroratum Franch. (Ericaceae), Tetra ampelopsis sp. nov. from Ampelopsis sp. (Vitaceae), Tetraspinus lucida sp. nov. from Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae). All are vagrants causing no apparent damage to their host plants.
Introduction
The genus Tetra was established by Keifer (Keifer 1944) based on the type species Phyllocoptruta concava Keifer, 1939. It can be differentiated from the other genera in the Anthocoptini by its prodorsal shield with frontal lobe and without spines projecting from anterior, scapular tubercles on rear margin, prominent scapular setae (usually directed divergently posterior) and without posterior plate; dorsal opisthosoma not flat, without thickened bands and with a wide middorsal longitudinal furrow; all coxal setae present; and legs with usual series of setae (Amrine et al. 2003). The genus Tetraspinus was established by Boczek (Boczek 1961) based on the type species Tetraspinus lentus Boczek, 1961. It can be differentiated from the genus Tetra by its prodorsal shield with two distinct spines projecting forward.
As of 2010, the genus Tetra holds 116 species and the genus Tetraspinus holds 9 species all over the world (Amrine & de Lilio, unpubl. databases). Some taxonomic studies of the genus Tetra from China were given (Xue et al. 2005, 2006, 2007), and the molecular data suggested that the genus Tetra is not a monophyletic genus (Li et al. 2014).
Materials and methods
Eriophyoid mites were found on plants with the aid of hand-lens (30×) and together with part of host plants, were placed in labeled vials filled with 75% ethanol. Collection data were also recorded in a notebook and examples of host plant parts were kept in a plant specimen folder in a dry environment for further identification and reference. In laboratory the liquid contents were poored into a petri dish from the vials, then mite specimens were picked up using a fine pin and slide mounted using Keifer's Booster and modified Berlese medium (Amrine & Manson 1996). Specimens were examined with the aid of a Zeiss A2 (Germany) research microscope equipped with phase contrast (A-plan phase objectives: ×10/0.25, ×20/0.45; EC plan-NEOFLUAR phase objectives: ×40/0.75; ×100/1.3 oil immersion) and schematic drawings were made. Images were taken with the same microscope (under 100× oil immersion with 10× eyepieces) using an Axio Cam MRc (Carl Zeiss) system, connected to a computer and using Axiovision image analysis software. Specimens were measured according to de Lillo et al. (2010). For each species, the holotype female measurement precedes the corresponding range for paratypes (given in parentheses). All measurements are in micrometres (µm) and are lengths when not otherwise specified. The morphological terminology follows Lindquist (1996) and Amrine et al. (2003) and the generic classification was made according to Amrine et al. (2003). All type specimens are deposited as slide mounted specimens in the Arthropod/Mite Collection of the Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University (NJAU), Jiangsu Province, China.
Results
Family Eriophyidae Nalepa, 1898
Subfamily Phyllocoptinae Nalepa, 1892
Tribe Anthocoptini Amrine and Stasny, 1994
Genus Tetra Keifer, 1944
Tetra banqiaoensis sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–2)
Description. FEMALE (n=15): Body fusiform, 180 (170-210), 57 (55-60) wide, 50 (50-55) thick; light yellow. Gnathosoma 25 (24-25), projecting obliquely downwards, pedipalp coxal seta (ep) 3 (3-4), dorsal pedipalp genual seta (d) 6 (6-7), cheliceral stylets 20 (20-22). Prodorsal shield 40 (37-40), 51 (50-52) wide, median line absent, admedian and submedian lines connected by transverse lines at basal 1/3 and anterior 1/3, forming two large cells at each side, admedian lines connected by transverse lines at basal 1/3, admedian and submedian lines sinuous; frontal lobe 6 (5-6). Scapular tubercles 2 (2-3), on the rear shield margin, 30 (29-30) apart, scapular setae (sc) 37 (37-38), projecting posteriorly. Coxigenital region with 6 (6-7) semiannuli between coxae and genitalia. Coxal plates with short lines, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (lb) 12 (10-12), 12 (11-12) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum I (1a) 22 (22-23), 10 (10-11) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 47 (47-50), 23 (23-24) apart. Prosternal apodeme 5 (5-6). Leg I 36 (33-36), femur 12 (11-13), basiventral femoral seta (bv) 13 (13-15); genu 5 (5-6), antaxial genual seta (l″) 24 (23-24); tibia 8 (8-9), paraxial tibial seta (l′) 8 (8-9), located at 1/4 from dorsal base; tarsus 8 (6-8), paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 20 (18-20), antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 24 (23-25), seta u′ 5 (4-5); tarsal empodium (em) 4 (4-5), simple, 6-ray ed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 6 (6-7), little knobbed. Leg II 30 (28-31), femur 10 (10-11), basiventral femoral seta (bv) 11 (10-12); genu 5 (4-5), antaxial genual seta (l″) 11 (9-11); tibia 7 (6-7); tarsus 7 (6-7), paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 5 (5-6), antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 24 (23-24), seta u′ 4 (4-5); tarsal empodium (em) 5 (4-5), simple, 6-ray ed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 8 (7-8), little knobbed. Opisthosoma dorsally with 33 (33-34) semiannuli, smooth, with a dorsal furrow, ventrally with 74 (73-74) semiannuli, with small and rounded microtubercles set on rear annular margins, last 8th-9th semiannuli with elongated and linear tubercles. Setae c2 33 (33-35) on ventral semiannulus 13 (13-15), 48 (48-53) apart; setae d 70 (65-72) on ventral semiannulus 26 (26-28), 38 (37-42) apart; setae e 36 (36-40) on ventral semiannulus 48 (47-48), 20 (18-22) apart, setae f 39 (39-40) on 6th (6th-7th) ventral semiannulus from rear, 21 (21-22) apart. Setae h1 3 (3-4), h2 120 (120-128). Female genitalia 21 (21-22), 11 (11-12) wide, coverflap with 12 (10-12) longitudinal ridges, setae 3a 63 (62-65), 15 (15-16) apart.
MALE (n=2): Body fusiform, 170-175, 50-51 wide, 50 thick; light yellow. Gnathosoma 24-25, projecting obliquely downwards, pedipalp coxal seta (ep) 3-4, dorsal pedipalp genual seta (d) 5-6, cheliceral stylets 19-20. Prodorsal shield 35-37, 40-42 wide, median line absent, admedian and submedian lines connected by transverse lines at basal 1/3 and anterior 1/3, forming two large cells at each side, admedian and submedian lines sinuous; anterior shield lobe broad 5-6. Scapular tubercles 2-3, set on the rear shield margin, 23-24 apart, scapular setae (sc) 18-20, projecting posteriorly. Coxigenital region with 8-9 semiannuli between coxae and genitalia. Coxal plates with short lines, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (lb) 10-13, 10-12 apart, proximal setae on coxisternum I (1a) 17-19, 9-10 apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 35-37, 18-20 apart. Prosternal apodeme 5-6. Leg I 35-37, femur 8-9, basiventral femoral seta (bv) 9-10; genu 4-5, antaxial genual seta (l″) 19-20; tibia 6-7, paraxial tibial seta (l′) 6-7, located at 1/4 from dorsal base; tarsus 6-7, paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 15-18, antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 22-25, seta u′ 5-6; tarsal empodium (em) 5-6, simple, 6-ray ed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 6-7, little knobbed. Leg II 31-33, femur 9-10, basiventral femoral seta (bv) 10-11; genu 5-6, antaxial genual seta (l″) 10-11; tibia 6-7; tarsus 5-6, paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 5-6, antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 20-22, seta u′ 5-6; tarsal empodium (em) 5-6, simple, 6-ray ed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 8-9, little knobbed. Opisthosoma dorsally with 28-30 semiannuli, with a dorsal furrow, ventrally with 61-63 semiannuli, with small and rounded microtubercles set on rear annular margins, last 8th-9th semiannuli with elongated and linear tubercles. Setae c2 27-30 on ventral semiannulus 12-13, 35-36 apart; setae d 54-57 on ventral semiannulus 22-24, 24-25 apart; setae e 27-28 on ventral semiannulus 38-40, 15-17 apart, setae f 32-35 on 6th ventral semiannulus from rear, 20-21 apart. Setae hl 3-4, h2 95-100. Male genitalia 15-16 wide, setae 3a 38-40, 13-14 apart, with granules below eugenital setae.
Type material. Holotype female (slide number NJAUAcariEriYN59.1; marked Holotype), from Populus sp. (Salicaceae), Banqiao Town, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, P.R. China, 25°07′22″N, 99°09′08″E, elevation 1473m, 7 August 2009, coll. Xiao-Feng Xue. Paratypes 14 females and 2 males on 16 microscope slides (slide number NJAUAcariEriYN59.2-59.17), with the same data as holotype.
Relation to host. Vagrant on lower part of the leaf surface. No damage to the host plant was observed.
Etymology. The specific designation banqiaoensis is derived from the place name of Banqiao Town, where the new species were collected; feminine in gender.
Differential diagnosis. This new species is similar to Tetra smilaxis Xue, Song & Hong, 2006, inhabiting Smilax china L. (Smilacaceae), but can be differentiated from the latter mainly by possessing: prodorsal shield with median lines absent (with median lines present in T. smilaxis); coxal plates with short lines (smooth in T. smilaxis); tarsal empodium 6-ray ed (tarsal empodium 4-rayed in T. smilaxis).
FIGURE 1.
Tetra banqiaoensis sp. nov.: D. dorsal view of female; CGF. coxae and female genitalia; IG. female internal genitalia; GM. coxae and male genitalia.
FIGURE 2.
Tetra banqiaoensis sp. nov.: AL. Antero-lateral view of female; LO. lateral microtubercles; PM. Postero-lateral view of female; em. empodium; L1. leg I.
Tetra virga sp. nov.
(Figs. 3–4)
Description. FEMALE: (n=10). Body fusiform, 220 (180-220), 67 (62-67) wide, 55 (55-60) thick; light yellow. Gnathosoma 25 (23-25), projecting obliquely downwards, pedipalp coxal setae (ep) 2 (2-3), dorsal pedipalp genual setae (d) 7 (6-7), cheliceral stylets 20 (18-20). Prodorsal shield 45 (45-47), 55 (55-60) wide, median line present at basal 1/3, admedian sinuous, protruding at anterior 1/3, connected with submedian lines by a transverse line, forming one cell in the middle and three cells at each side; anterior shield lobe broad 13 (12-13). Scapular tubercles 2 (2-3), on rear shield margin, 34 (34-35) apart, scapular setae (sc) 11 (11-12), projecting posteriorly. Coxigenital region with 10 (9-10) semiannuli between coxae and genitalia. Coxal plates with granules, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (lb) 10 (10-11), 13 (13-14) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum I (la) 35 (33-35), 7 (7-8) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 40 (37-40), 24 (24-25) apart. Prosternal apodeme 7 (6-7). Leg I 30 (30-31), femur 10 (9-10), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 11 (11-13); genu 4 (4-5), antaxial genual setae (l″) 23 (22-23); tibia 6 (6-7), paraxial tibial setae (l′) 6 (6-7), located at center; tarsus 6 (6-7), paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 20 (20-22), antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 24 (24-25), paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′) 5 (4-5); tarsal empodium (em) 6 (5-6), simple, 6-rayed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 7 (6-7), rod-like. Leg II 28 (27-28), femur 10 (9-10), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 12 (12-13); genu 4 (3-4), antaxial genual setae (l″) 12 (10-12); tibia 6 (6-7); tarsus 5 (5-6), paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 8 (8-10), antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 23 (22-24), paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′) 5 (5-6); tarsal empodium (em) 5 (5-6), simple, 6-rayed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 7 (6-7), rod-like. Opisthosoma dorsally with 38 (35-38) semiannuli, with elliptical microtubercles on the dorsal furrow, ventrally with 71 (68-71) semiannuli, with rounded microtubercles, last 6th (6th-7th) semiannuli with elongated and linear tubercles. Setae c2 37 (37-38) on ventral semiannulus 12 (12-13), 50 (50-55) apart; setae d 60 (60-65) on ventral semiannulus 26 (26-27), 33 (33-35) apart; setae e 38 (38-40) on ventral semiannulus 43 (43-45), 16 (16-17) apart, setae f 32 (30-32) on 6th ventral semiannulus from rear, 20 (20-21) apart. Setae hl 3 (3-4), h2 60 (60-70). Female genitalia 15 (14-15), 19 (19-20) wide, coverflap with 10 (8-10) longitudinal ridges, setae 3a 19 (19-20), 18 (18-20) apart.
MALE: (n=2, dorsal view). Body fusiform, 180-190, 55-57 wide; light yellow. Gnathosoma 22, projecting obliquely downwards, pedipalp coxal setae (ep) 2, dorsal pedipalp genual setae (d) 6, cheliceral stylets 16-17. Prodorsal shield 45-46, 50-52 wide, median line present at basal 1/3, admedian sinuous, protruding at anterior 1/3, connected with submedian lines by a transverse line, forming one cell in the middle and three cells at each side; anterior shield lobe broad 10-11. Scapular tubercles on rear shield margin, 34-35 apart, scapular setae (sc) 10-11, projecting posteriorly. Coxigenital region with 8-9 semiannuli between coxae and genitalia. Coxal plates with granules, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (lb) 8-9,12-13 apart, proximal setae on coxisternum I (la) 25-28, 6-7 apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 35-38, 23-24 apart. Prosternal apodeme 6-7. Leg I 28-29, femur 8-9, basiventral femoral setae (bv) 13-15; genu 4-5, antaxial genual setae (l″) 18-20; tibia 6-7, paraxial tibial setae (l′) 5-6, located at center; tarsus 6-7, paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (f′) 22-23, antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 23-24, paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′) 3-4; tarsal empodium (em) 4-5, simple, 6-rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω;) 5-6, rod-like. Leg II 24-25, femur 9, basiventral femoral setae (bv) 10; genu 3-4, antaxial genual setae (l″) 9-10; tibia 5-6; tarsus 5-6, paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 7-8, antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 20-22, paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′) 4-5; tarsal empodium (em) 5-6, simple, 6-rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω;) 5-6, rod-like. Opisthosoma dorsally with 31-32 semiannuli, with elliptical microtubercles on the dorsal furrow, ventrally with 59-61 semiannuli, with rounded microtubercles, last 8th-9th semiannuli with elongated and linear tubercles. Setae c2 30-32 on ventral semiannulus 12-14, 45-47 apart; setae d 40-45 on ventral semiannulus 23-24, 27-28 apart; setae e 40-42 on ventral semiannulus 38-40, 16-17 apart, setae f 33-35 on 4th-5th ventral semiannulus from rear, 18-20 apart. Setae hl 3-4, h2 60-65. Male genitalia 17-18 wide, setae 3a 24-25, 15-16 apart, with granules below eugenital setae.
Type material. Holotype female (slide number NJAUAcariEriYN278.1; marked Holotype), from Rhododendron irroratum Franch. (Ericaceae), Fugong County, Nujiang Lisu autonomous prefecture, Yunnan Province, P.R. China, 26°33′05″N, 98°55′08″E, elevation 2122m, 25 June 2013, coll. Xiao Han, Qiong Wang and Jing-Feng Guo. Paratypes 9 females and 2 males on 11 microscope slides (slide number NJAUAcariEriYN278.2-278.12), with the same data as holotype.
Relation to host. This species is vagrant on lower part of the leaf surface. No damage to the host plant was observed.
Etymology. The specific designation virga is from the character of tarsal solenidion (ω;), a curved structure, virga in Latin; feminine in gender.
Differential diagnosis. This new species is similar to Tetra angelica Xue, Guo & Hong, 2013, inhabiting Angelica sp. (Apiaceae), but can be differentiated from the latter by having: median and submedian lines incomplete, admedian complete (a prodorsal shield design with incomplete admedian lines in T. angelica); tarsal solenidion (ω;) is rod-like (tarsal solenidion (ω;) is knobbed in T. angelica) and the number of the rays of the empodia is 6 (the number of the rays of the empodia is 4 in T. angelica).
FIGURE 3.
Tetra virga sp. nov.: D. dorsal view of female; CGF. coxae and female genitalia; IG. female internal genitalia; GM. coxae and male genitalia.
FIGURE 4.
Tetra virga sp. nov.: AL. Antero-lateral view of female; LO. lateral microtubercles; PM. Postero-lateral view of female; em. empodium; L1. leg 1.
Tetra ampelopsis sp. nov.
(Figs. 5–6)
Description. FEMALE: (n=13). Body fusiform, 225 (217-226), 61 (61-64) wide, 75 (69-75) thick; light yellow. Gnathosoma 20 (19-20), projecting obliquely downwards, pedipalp coxal setae (ep) 2 (2-3), dorsal pedipalp genual setae (d) 8 (8-10), cheliceral stylets 16 (13-16). Prodorsal shield 51 (51-53), 56 (55-58) wide, covered with tiny granules, median line present at anterior 1/4 and basal 1/2, connected with admedian and submedian lines by transverse lines, forming six cells; anterior shield lobe broad 8 (6-8). Scapular tubercles 2 (2-3), on rear shield margin, 30 (29-30) apart, scapular setae (sc) 20 (18-20), projecting posteriorly. Coxigenital region with 7 (7-8) semiannuli between coxae and genitalia. Coxal plates with granules, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (lb) 12 (11-12), 14 (13-14) apart, anterolernum I (la) 18 (17-18), 8 (7-9) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 47 (47-50), 23 (23-24) apart. Prosternal apodeme 11 (11-13). Leg I 40 (37-40), femur 12 (11-12), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 12 (11-12); genu 5 (5-6), antaxial genual setae (l″) 22 (22-24); tibia 11 (10-11), paraxial tibial setae (l′) 5 (5-6), located at 1/3 from dorsal base; tarsus 7 (7-8), paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 18 (18-20), antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 21 (21-24), paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′) 5 (4-5); tarsal empodium (em) 5 (4-5), simple, 4-rayed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 7 (6-7), knobbed. Leg II 33 (33-36), femur 11 (10-12), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 11 (11-12); genu 5 (4-5), antaxial genual setae (l″) 11 (10-11); tibia 9 (9-10); tarsus 7 (6-7), paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 4 (4-6), antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 20 (20-22), paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′) 4 (3-4); tarsal empodium (em) 5 (5-6), simple, 4-ray ed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 6 (6-7), knobbed. Opisthosoma dorsally with 29 (27-30) semiannuli, with elliptical microtubercles on the dorsal furrow, ventrally with 74 (69-74) semiannuli, with rounded microtubercles, last 7th-8th semiannuli with elongated and linear tubercles. Setae c2 30 (27-30) on ventral semiannulus 13 (13-15), 50 (47-52) apart; setae d 47 (44-50) on ventral semiannulus 28 (27-29), 28 (28-30) apart; setae e 20 (18-20) on ventral semiannulus 48 (47-49), 15 (15-16) apart, setae f 30 (28-32) on 6th (5th-6th) ventral semiannulus from rear, 23 (22-24) apart. Setae hl 2 (2-3), h2 73 (72-75). Female genitalia 15 (15-16), 19 (19-21) wide, coverflap with 9 (8-9) longitudinal ridges, setae 3a 16 (15-17), 15 (14-16) apart.
MALE: (n=2, dorsal view). Body fusiform, 209-210, 59-60 wide; light yellow. Gnathosoma 19-20, projecting obliquely downwards, pedipalp coxal setae (ep) 2-3, dorsal pedipalp genual setae (d) 9-10, cheliceral stylets 13-14. Prodorsal shield 42-45, 50-53 wide, covered with tiny granules, median line present at anterior 1/4 and basal 1/2, connected with admedian and submedian lines by transverse lines, forming six cells; anterior shield lobe broad 7-8. Scapular tubercles on rear shield margin, 26-28 apart, scapular setae (sc) 10-12, projecting posteriorly. Coxigenital region with 6-7 semiannuli between coxae and genitalia. Coxal plates with granules, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (lb) 9-10, 12-13 apart, proximal setae on coxisternum I (la) 14-15, 7-8 apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 33-35, 21-23 apart. Prosternal apodeme 11-12. Leg I 35-37, femur 10-12, basiventral femoral setae (bv) 10-12; genu 4-5, antaxial genual setae (l″) 20-22; tibia 10-11, paraxial tibial setae (l′) 5-6, located at 1/3 from dorsal base; tarsus 6-7, paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 19-20, antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 22-24, paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′) 4-5; tarsal empodium (em) 4-5, simple, 4-rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω;) 6-7, knobbed. Leg II 34-36, femur 10-11, basiventral femoral setae (bv) 10-11 ; genu 4-5, antaxial genual setae (l″) 10-11; tibia 9-10; tarsus 6-7, paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 5-6, antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 19-20, paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′) 3-4; tarsal empodium (em) 4-5, simple, 4-rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω;) 6-7, knobbed. Opisthosoma dorsally with 28-30 semiannuli, with elliptical microtubercles on the dorsal furrow, ventrally with 69-70 semiannuli, with rounded microtubercles, last 7th-8th semiannuli with elongated and linear tubercles. Setae c2 22-24 on ventral semiannulus 14-15, 48-50 apart; setae d 44-45 on ventral semiannulus 27-28, 30-31 apart; setae e 18-19 on ventral semiannulus 46-47, 15-16 apart, setae f 27-28 on 5th ventral semiannulus from rear, 23-25 apart. Setae hl 2-3, h2 70-73. Male genitalia 20-21 wide, setae 3a 11-12, 15-16 apart, with granules below eugenital setae.
Type material. Holotype female (slide number NJAUAcariEriHN175.1; marked Holotype), from Ampelopsis sp. (Vitaceae), Yuelu Mountain, Changsha City, Hunan Province, P.R. China, 28°11′39″N, 112°56′08″E, elevation 236m, 21 September 2013, coll. Qiong Wang and Jing-Feng Guo. Paratypes 12 females and 2 males on 14 microscope slides (slide number NJAUAcariEriHN175.2-NJAUAcariEriHN175.15), with the same data as holotype.
Relation to host. This species is vagrant on lower part of the leaf surface. No damage to the host plant was observed.
Etymology. The specific designation ampelopsis is from the generic name of the host, ampelopsis; feminine in gender.
Differential diagnosis. This new species is similar to Tetra heilongjiangensis Kuang, 1995, inhabiting Rhamnus davurica Pall. (Rhamnaceae), but can be differentiated from the latter by having: the design of prodorsal shield covered with granules (a prodorsal shield design with no granules in T. heilongjiangensis); coxal plates with granules (coxal plates with short lines in T. heilongjiangensis) and dorsal semiannuli with elliptical microtubercles (dorsal semiannuli smooth in T. heilongjiangensis).
FIGURE 5.
Tetra ampelopsis sp. nov.: D. dorsal view of female; CGF. coxae and female genitalia; IG. female internal genitalia; GM. coxae and male genitalia.
FIGURE 6.
Tetra ampelopsis sp. nov.: AL. Antera-lateral view of female; LO. lateral microtubercles; PM. Postero-lateral view of female; em. empodium; L1. leg I.
Family Eriophyidae Nalepa, 1898
Subfamily Phyllocoptinae Nalepa, 1892
Tribe Anthocoptini Amrine and Stasny, 1994
Genus Tetraspinus Boczek, 1961
Tetraspinus lucida sp. nov.
(Figs. 7–8)
Description. FEMALE: (n=15). Body fusiform, 250 (210–260), 70 (70–90) wide, 75 (75–80) thick; light yellow. Gnathosoma 25 (25–27), projecting obliquely downwards, pedipalp coxal setae (ep) 2 (2–3), dorsal pedipalp genual setae (d) 8 (8–9), cheliceral stylets 20 (20–22). Prodorsal shield 48 (47–50), 70 (70–72) wide, median present at anterior 1/3 (faint) and basal 1/3, admedian and submedian lines complete, all lines connected by three transverse lines, forming network, with granules outside the lines; anterior shield lobe 10 (10–11), anteriorly with two distinct spines projecting forward. Scapular tubercles 2 (2–3), on rear shield margin, 34 (34–35) apart, scapular setae (sc) 10 (10–11), projecting posteriorly. Coxigenital region with 11 (10–12) semiannuli between coxae and genitalia. Coxal plates with lines and granules, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (lb) 1 (7–8), 13 (13–14) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum I (la) 20 (18–20), 10 (10–11) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 20 (20–21), 27 (27–28) apart. Prosternal apodeme 7 (7–8). Leg I 30 (30–31), femur 10 (10–11), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 12 (12–13); genu 5 (5–6), antaxial genual setae (l″) 30 (26–30); tibia 6 (6–7), paraxial tibial setae (l′) 6 (6–7), located at 1/3 from dorsal base; tarsus 7 (6–7), paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 20 (20–22), antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 24 (22–24), paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′) 5 (4–5); tarsal empodium (em) 5 (4–5), simple, 4–rayed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 7 (6–7), knobbed. Leg II 28 (27–28), femur 10 (10–11), basiventral femoral setae (bv) 11 (11–13); genu 5 (5–6), antaxial genual setae (l″) 12 (10–12); tibia 6 (6–7); tarsus 6 (6–7), paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 5 (5–6), antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 24 (22–24), paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′)5 (5–6); tarsal empodium (em) 5 (5–6), simple, 4-ray ed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 8 (7–8), knobbed. Opisthosoma dorsally with 33 (32–34) semiannuli, with elliptical microtubercles on the dorsal furrow, ventrally with 79 (78–79) semiannuli, with rounded microtubercles, last 8th–9th semiannuli with elongated and linear tubercles. Setae c2 34 (33–35) on ventral semiannulus 14 (14–15), 60 (58–63) apart; setae d 70 (70–75) on ventral semiannulus 29 (29–30), 40 (37–42) apart; setae e 26 (26–27) on ventral semiannulus 52 (52–54), 20 (17–20) apart, setae f32 (30–35) on 5th ventral semiannulus from rear, 28 (28–30) apart. Setae hl 3 (3–4), h2 110 (110–120). Female genitalia 15 (14–15), 25 (25–27) wide, coverflap with 12 (10–12) longitudinal ridges, setae 3a 15 (15–16), 19 (19–20) apart.
MALE: (n=3). Body fusiform, 220–230, 56–60 wide, 60–65 wide; light yellow. Gnathosoma 24–25, projecting obliquely downwards, pedipalp coxal setae (ep) 2–3, dorsal pedipalp genual setae (d) 8–9, cheliceral stylets 20–22. Prodorsal shield 45–48, 60–65 wide, median present at anterior 1/ 3 (faint) and basal 1/3, admedian and submedian lines complete, all lines connected by three transverse lines, forming network, with granules outside the lines; anterior shield lobe 8–9, anteriorly with two distinct spines projecting forward. Scapular tubercles on rear shield margin, 29–30 apart, scapular setae (sc) 9–10, projecting posteriorly. Coxigenital region with 9–10 semiannuli between coxae and genitalia. Coxal plates with lines and granules, anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (lb) 7–8, 11–12 apart, proximal setae on coxisternum I (la) 18–20, 8–10 apart, proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 18–20, 23–25 apart. Prosternal apodeme 7–8. Leg I 29–30, femur 9–10, basiventral femoral setae (bv) 11–12; genu 4–5, antaxial genual setae (l″) 22–25; tibia 7–8, paraxial tibial setae (l′) 5–6, located at 1/3 from dorsal base; tarsus 5–6, paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 19–21, antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 22–24, paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u) 4–5; tarsal empodium (em) 4–5, simple, 4–ray ed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 5–6, knobbed. Leg II 27–28, femur 9–10, basiventral femoral setae (bv) 11–13; genu 4–5, antaxial genual setae (l″) 10–11; tibia 6–7; tarsus 5–6, paraxia, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft′) 5–6, antaxial, fastigial, tarsal setae (ft″) 22–24, paraxial, unguinal, tarsal setae (u′) 4–5; tarsal empodium (em) 4–5, simple, 4-rayed; tarsal solenidion (ω;) 6–7, knobbed. Opisthosoma dorsally with 28–30 semiannuli, with elliptical microtubercles on the dorsal furrow, ventrally with 66–67 semiannuli, with rounded microtubercles, last 8th–9th semiannuli with elongated and linear tubercles. Setae c2 30–32 on ventral semiannulus 10–12, 50–55 apart; setae d 60–65 on ventral semiannulus 24–26, 30–32 apart; setae e 20–22 on ventral semiannulus 42–44, 15–16 apart, setae f 28–30 on 5th ventral semiannulus from rear, 20–23 apart. Setae hl 3–4, h2 100–110. Male genitalia 17–18 wide, setae 3a 17–18, 15–16 apart, with granules below eugenital setae.
Type material. Holotype female (slide number NJAUAcariEriYN253.1; marked Holotype), from Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae), Fugong County, Nujiang Lisu autonomous prefecture, Yunnan Province, P.R. China, 26°54′06″N, 98°51′31″E, elevation 2138m, 24 June 2013, coll. Xiao Han, Qiong Wang and Jing-Feng Guo. Paratypes 14 females and 3 males on 17 microscope slides (slide number NJAUAcariEri YN253.2-253.18), with the same data as holotype.
Relation to host. This species is vagrant on lower part of the leaf surface. No damage to the host plant was observed.
Etymology. The specific designation lucida is derived from the specific name of the host plant, lucidum; feminine in gender.
Differential diagnosis. This new species is similar to Tetraspinus syringae Lin & Kuang, 2001, inhabiting Syringa oblata Lindl. (Oleaceae), but can be differentiated from the latter by having: the design of prodorsal shield with admedian and submedian lines complete (a prodorsal shield design with no submedian lines in T. syringae); coxal plates with lines and granules (coxal plates with short lines in T. syringae) and dorsal semiannuli with elliptical microtubercles (dorsal semiannuli smooth in T. syringae).
Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31172132). We thank Yun Zuo of the Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, China for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript.
