To update a list of arthropod group-species including cockroaches in conserved areas of the State of Sonora, northwestern Mexico, entomological surveys were done during spring 2022. The harlequin cockroach, Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll 1813) (Blattodea: Blattidae), was found in intra-domiciliary conditions at Rosario municipality. This is the first record of the harlequin cockroach in Sonora State. Including this species, 14 species of cockroaches are currently known in Sonora, including Arenivaga genitalis Caudell 1918 and Compsodes schwarzi (Caudell 1903).