Novel rearing records are combined with published and online records to provide an account of the North American Lepidoptera known to include Gaultheria spp. (Ericaceae) among their larval hosts. Boloria eunomia (Esper)) (Nymphalidae) has been observed to oviposit on G. hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow, but this is not known to be a true larval host. Colias pelidne Boisduval and Le Conte (Pieridae) is the only lepidopteran recorded from G. humifusa (Graham) Rydb. Rhopobota naevana (Hübner) (Tortricidae) has been reared from G. procumbens L. previously, and rearings of Clepsis melaleucanus (Walker) (Tortricidae), Xestia dilucida (Morrison), and Phlogophora periculosa Guenée (Noctuidae) from this host are reported for the first time. Sinophorus Förster sp. (Ichneumonidae) is newly reported as a parasitoid of C. melaleucanus. Species feeding on G. shallon Pursh include Lycaenidae (Callophrys augustinus (Westwood)), Geometridae (Dysstroma sobria Swett, Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée), Neoalcis californiaria (Packard), Tetracis jubararia Hulst), Noctuidae (Egira crucialis (Harvey) and possibly Pyrrhia exprimens (Walker)), Erebidae (Lophocampa argentata (Packard)), Copromorphidae (Lotisma trigonana (Walsingham)), Gracillariidae (Cameraria gaultheriella (Walsingham), Marmara arbutiella Busck), Heliozelidae (Coptodisca arbutiella Busck), and an unidentified leafminer (likely Yponomeutidae, and possibly Eucalantica polita (Walsingham)). The record of M. arbutiella is based on new DNA barcoding data from a collected larva. Cameraria gaultheriella is newly reported from Vaccinium ovatum Pursh and appears to be synonymous with C. nemoris (Walsingham), which was described from specimens reared from this host.