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1 September 2015 YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS, SEROGROUP O:1A, INFECTION IN TWO AMAZON PARROTS (AMAZONA AESTIVA AND AMAZONA ORATRIX) WITH HEPATIC HEMOSIDEROSIS
Livio Galosi, Silvana Farneti, Giacomo Rossi, Susan Catherine Cork, Stefano Ferraro, Gian Enrico Magi, Stefano Petrini, Andrea Valiani, Vincenzo Cuteri, Anna-Rita Attili
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Necropsies were conducted on a female blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) and a female yellow-headed Amazon (Amazona oratrix) that died after depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and biliverdin in the urine. Gross and microscopic examinations revealed multifocal necrosis in the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, intestines, and heart caused by acute bacteremia. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, serogroup O:1a, was isolated by culturing from the visceral lesions in the liver, intestines, and spleen. Virulence gene analysis showed the presence of the inv gene and the complete pathogenicity island: IS100, psn, yptE, irp1, irp2 ybtP-ybtQ, ybtX-ybtS, and int asnT-Int. Histopathologic findings and chemical analysis also demonstrated hepatic hemosiderosis. As has been demonstrated in other species, hemosiderosis may predispose Amazona spp. to systemic infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis after enteric disease.

Copyright 2015 by American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
Livio Galosi, Silvana Farneti, Giacomo Rossi, Susan Catherine Cork, Stefano Ferraro, Gian Enrico Magi, Stefano Petrini, Andrea Valiani, Vincenzo Cuteri, and Anna-Rita Attili "YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS, SEROGROUP O:1A, INFECTION IN TWO AMAZON PARROTS (AMAZONA AESTIVA AND AMAZONA ORATRIX) WITH HEPATIC HEMOSIDEROSIS," Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 46(3), 588-591, (1 September 2015). https://doi.org/10.1638/2014-0140.1
Received: 18 July 2014; Published: 1 September 2015
KEYWORDS
Amazona aestiva
Amazona oratrix
Blue-fronted Amazon
iron
liver
yellow-headed Amazon
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
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