This paper represents the first survey of the Meloidae Gyllenhal, 1810 (Coleoptera) of Peru. All three recognized subfamilies (Eleticinae, Nemognathinae, Meloinae) and seven tribes are represented in the Peruvian fauna. Sixty-four named species are recorded in this checklist based primarily on literature and museum records, 41 (64%) of which are possibly endemic. Two species, Tetraonyx chevrolati Haag-Rutenberg and Pyrota vittigera Blanchard, are recorded from Peru for the first time. The status of the taxonomic knowledge of South American Meloidae is also briefly reviewed.