Dreissenid mussels invaded and colonized waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes during the late 1980s. Their colonization and resulting impact have been characterized as one of the most important ecological changes in freshwater systems in North America. The need for information on dreissenid mussels has grown during the past 2 decades, which has prompted the compilation of this bibliography. Two previous bibliographies of dreissenid mussels indicate average publication rates were 6 publications/year between 1771 and 1964 (1,180 in 194 y) and 30 publications/year between 1964 and 1993 (885 in 30 y). In the current bibliography, the average rate of publication doubled during the past 23 y (1989 to 2011) to 66 publications/year based on a total of 1,502 publications. These rates may be biased by increased numbers of researchers and journals over time but, at a minimum, these rates indicate continued interest and concern by humans about the impact of dreissenid mussels on water availability and the expanding range of dreissenids throughout the world. The current bibliography has a 94% efficiency rate for subject and 100% efficiency for title search criteria when compared with references in published studies of dreissenid mussels in 2011. In addition to publications, we included 206 student theses and 225 chapters in 26 books including 6 books devoted solely to dreissenid mussels. A vast majority of student theses were about dreissenid mussels in North America, especially in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The 6 books devoted to dreissenid mussels contained a variety of chapters that described biology, impact, control, and ecology of dreissenid mussels in both Europe (published in 1992 and 2010) and North America (1993, 1994, 1997, and 2000). In addition, there is a 7th book devoted solely to dreissenid mussels that is near completion.
INTRODUCTION
In the late 1980s, zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, and quagga mussels, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Fig. 1), were transported from the European continent and became established in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America (Hebert et al. 1989). Zebra mussels quickly became abundant enough to become a social menace because of their visibility and ability to attach to and foul structures, which caused water withdrawal problems for drinking-water facilities, electric power plants, marinas, and industries (Nalepa & Schloesser 1993). In addition, mussels colonized the surfaces of all solid structures in the water, which created nuisances for boaters, fishermen, beach visitors, and water navigators (Nalepa & Schloesser 1993). During the early 1990s, shortly after zebra mussels became generally known to the public, quagga mussels were recognized to have similar nuisance abilities as zebra mussels but greater ecological impact than zebra mussels. These 2 mussels, together, have been called one of the most important ecological threats to freshwaters in North America (Pollick in press).
The need for scientific information about the biology, impact, control, and ecology of zebra mussels in North America was evident during the early 1990s. In response to this need, Schloesser et al. (1994) compiled a bibliography of Dreissena polymorpha (885 between 1964 to 1993) in waters of Europe and Russia. Compilation of this bibliography was difficult and, although valuable, had limited use because many publications were not in English and had been based on studies of dreissenid mussels in Europe and Russia (Schloesser et al. 1994). However, this 1994 bibliography was much more accessible by Englishspeaking researchers and managers than earlier bibliographies published in Russian by Limanova in 1964 (1,180 between 1771 to 1964) and translated into English in 1968, and another bibliography by Limanova in 1978 (unknown number), which is believed to be available only in Russian (Schloesser et al. 1994). All 3 of these bibliographies undoubtedly contained large amounts of information that could be valuable to researchers and managers who want to understand and control dreissenid mussels.
As predicted 20 y ago, the need to obtain information about zebra mussels in North America has increased (Schloesser et al. 1994). This need to understand and control zebra mussels increased dramatically during the early 2000s, when a genetically similar dreissenid mussel, the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis), impacted the ecology of the Laurentian Great Lakes dramatically and spread to the western half of the United States (Benson in press). In addition, the need for regional impact studies became evident because dreissenid mussels in North America exhibited different behavior than those in Europe and Russia.
The current bibliography includes publications between 1989 and 2011 and was compiled to provide researchers, managers, and water users with a bibliography to help understand and manage dreissenid mussels, especially in North America. The temporal overlap (1989 to 1993) between the bibliography of Schloesser et al. (1994) (1964 to 1993) and the current bibliography (1989 to 2011) was included primarily because the first publication to include zebra mussels found in North America was published in 1989, but was not included in the bibliography of European and Russian literature compiled by Scholoesser et al. (1994) (Hebert et al. 1989). Although the current bibliography emphasizes studies published in English about dreissenid mussels in North America, a few non-English-language publications may be included because it is not always evident in which language the main body of text is printed based on electronic searches.
METHODS
This bibliography is a compilation of several literature searches in pertinent computerized databases of companies that index thousands of scholarly journals, books, reports, proceedings, and open-access journals that meet strict criteria (Testa 2011). Scientific and common names of both species and dreissenid mussels, in various configurations, were searched in title fields to ensure the resulting references would contain substantial information about dreissenid mussels. The focused search of names in titles was done to reduce inclusion of many publications that only mention dreissenid mussels in an introduction and/or discussion. For example, the focused search allowed elimination of studies that only mentioned dreissenid mussels as responsible agents of observed changes (e.g., reduction of phytoplankton) and often contained no data about dreissenid mussels. Searches for listings spanned a period of 23 y, 1989 to 2011, except for theses, which included the years 1950 through 2011. Student theses were obtained from title searches of a commercial theses database and from the database of a worldwide library cooperative.
Results of searches were reviewed for content and duplication. References that contained obvious errors were deleted (e.g., duplications attributed to abbreviated journal titles vs. non-abbreviated journal titles, full author names vs. abbreviated author names). Databases can detect duplication of exact records but not inaccuracies in basic information such as variations of spelling and abbreviations. In addition, manual searches of books and personal records (e.g., D. W. S.) were included, and a call for missed publications was extended to researchers knowledgeable about dreissenid literature (e.g., book contributors to Nalepa and Schloesser (in press)). Studies that contained substantial information on dreissenid mussels were included as a result of this method, but they accounted for about 5% of compiled listings.
The current bibliography contains few references from online-only publications. At the time of this compilation, not many online-only journals meet the high standards of companies that produce electronic databases (e.g., Testa 2011). Although we recognize electronic publication as a growing source of scientific information, we did not attempt to include exhaustively electronic-only journals because indexing companies add past journal articles slowly to databases. For example, searches of 1 database based on total and processed/included dates indicated that in 1 y, about 4% more publications, published in earlier years, were added to the database. This 4% represents older publications that had been added to the database. When databases include more older publications, and a greater number of online-only journals establish prominence in online databases, we believe a bibliography needs to be compiled with inclusion of digital-object identifier numbers. Only time will tell whether traditional bibliographies like the current one will become less useful and inefficient compared with electronic searches.
Efficiency of this bibliography was evaluated by comparing the occurrence of references in published studies and their occurrence as listings in the bibliography. Seven publications with dreissenid mussels in the title were used to check the efficiency of the current bibliography. Individual publications occurred in 7 individual journals published in 2011. Publications were read and references used to cite studies of dreissenid mussels were cross-checked against the current bibliography to determine the number of references found in publications and this bibliography. Only studies published between 1989 and 2011 were included in reference searches of the 7 publications.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The current bibliography contains 1,932 listings. Of these listings, 1,502 were published studies comparable with previous bibliographies by Schloesser et al. (1994) and Limanova (1964). In addition, our search included 206 student theses and 225 chapters in 26 books. Of the 26 books, 6 were devoted solely to zebra mussels. In addition, but not included in the current bibliography, there is a 7th book in press (Nalepa and Schloesser) that includes 44 chapters on zebra and quagga mussels. Previous bibliographies did not, for the most part, include theses and books that are included in the current bibliography.
Based on the current bibliography, we believe the rates of publication about dreissenid mussels increased after their discovery and spread in North America. Although an extensive effort to overcome language and publication methods of earlier listings is needed to verify this theory, bibliographies indicate that the annual rate of publication between 1771 and 1964 was about 6 publications/year (1,180 in 194 y), between 1964 and 1993 was about 32 publications/y (885 in 30 y), and between 1989 and 2011 was about 66 publications/y (1,502 in 23 y) (Limanova 1964, Schloesser et al. 1994). These rates may be biased by increased numbers of researchers and journals during the past 250 y. However, at a minimum, these rates indicate continued interest and concern by humans about water availability and the expanding range of dreissenids throughout the world.
Efficiency of the current bibliography to include references of dreissenid mussels in 7 published studies in 2011 was relatively high (Table 1). Overall, 162 of 172 (94%) references in the 7 publications were included in the bibliography. Only 10 of 172 (3%) references about dreissenid mussels were not found in the current bibliography. Of the 10 references not found in this bibliography, 7 were not about dreissenid mussels, but contained information about mussels the authors used to relate to the subject of the study (e.g., plankton impacted by dreissenid mussels). The 3 remaining references not found in the bibliography were expected to be in the bibliography because they contained reference to mussels (not specifically dreissenid mussels) in the titles. However, these articles did not contain the search words used to compile the bibliography. Instead, the articles used the words “filter feeding mussels,” which did refer to dreissenid mussels in the articles. As a result of this careful evaluation, we believe the current bibliography has a 94% efficiency to detect references to the subject of dreissenid mussels and 100% efficiency to detect key words contained in title searches.
In addition to published studies, our search included 206 student theses and 225 chapters in 26 books. Of the 206 theses (1950 to 2011), 195 were published between 1989 and 2011 (99%), and a large majority (74%) of them were from schools located adjacent to a shore of the Laurentian Great Lakes, whereas only 21% were from institutions not located adjacent to a shore of the Great Lakes. Only 5% of theses were from institutions in Europe. Of the 26 books, 6 books were devoted solely to zebra mussels and they contained 173 chapters; 1 book in 1992 (20 chapters), 1 book in 1993 (47 chapters), 2 books in 1994 (16 chapters and 7 chapter, respectively), and 1 book in 1997 (42 chapters) and 2010 (41 chapters). The first 2 books (Neumann & Jenner 1992, Nalepa & Schloesser 1993) contained a total of 67 chapters devoted to zebra mussels and were published shortly after zebra mussels were discovered in the Great Lakes in 1988 (Hebert et al. 1989). The only nonedited book, written by Claudi and Mackie (1994), was also published shortly after zebra mussels were found in the Great Lakes and is the only book devoted to the control of mussels in water facilities. Three other books devoted to zebra mussels contain 99 chapters devoted primarily to the ecology of mussels in the Great Lakes (Staroborgatov 1994, D'itri 1997) and Europe (van der Velde et al. 2010). In addition, there were 46 chapters in a total of 15 other books not devoted to zebra mussels that included data about mussels. No books published before 1992 were devoted specifically to dreissenid mussels. These results indicate that the majority of theses, books, and book chapters about zebra mussels were written after mussels colonized the Laurentian Great Lakes.
TABLE 1.
Numbers of references (1993 to 2011) based on the subject of dreissenid mussels present and not present in 7 scientific journals published in 2011.
The abundance of publications about dreissenid mussels in the Great Lakes undoubtedly occurred because of the impact these mussels had on water users and ecology in the Great Lakes (Nalepa & Schloesser 1993). Although there are a few large studies of dreissenid mussels (e.g., Morton 1969) in the 203-y published history before they invaded the Great Lakes, it appears their occurrence in North America during the late 20th century; their impact on human, plant, and animal communities of the Great Lakes; their spread throughout the United States; and the ease at which information can now be exchanged have resulted in popular as well as scientific interest in these exotic mussels.
The current bibliography does not contain information about dreissenid mussels found in traditional gray literature (abstracts, conference proceedings, reports, memoranda, and so forth). For example, there were several thousand abstracts written for international conferences devoted to dreissenid mussels during the first decade of their occurrence in North America. As electronic databases continue to grow, it is likely that traditional gray literature will be included in searched databases and the number of listings from past studies will increase, especially non-English-language listings from Europe and Russia. In addition, old and future studies, of which there are and are likely to be many, will find their way into databases for easy access and use. Currently, the need for information about dreissenid mussels appears to be increasing and paralleling the human need for freshwater as dreissenid mussels continue to expand their range and impact water users in North America and elsewhere throughout the world.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank numerous researchers who contributed information in response to our call for references to help compile this bibliography. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This article is contribution number 1717 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI.
LITERATURE CITED
PEER-REVIEWED LITERATURE SEARCH
Appendices
THESES
Aggarwal, S. 1995. Population dynamics of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Illinois River. MS thesis, University of Illinois.
Albers, M. C. 1998. Identifying the ability of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) to survive and bioprocess swine waste from the water column. MS thesis, Southern Illinois University.
Allison, V. 1995. Population dynamics and mortality of dreissenid (Dreissena spp.) larvae in eastern Lake Erie. MS thesis, University of Toronto.
Anderson, K. E. 1995. Isolation and characterization of a DOPA-containing protein from the foot of the quagga mussel Dreissena bugensis (Andrusov). MS thesis, University of Delaware.
Anderson, K. E. 1999. Cloning, expression, and immunolocalization of a byssal precursor protein from the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas). PhD diss., University of Delaware.
Angarano, M. 2007. Efficacy of selected natural and synthetic novel organic compounds in prevention of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) macrofouling by byssal attachment inhibition. PhD diss., University of Texas.
Antheunisse, L. J. 1963. Neurosecretory phenomena in the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha Pallas. Zugl. diss., Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam.
Armenio, P. 2011. Nutrient contributions from Dreissena spp. to Lynghya wollei and Cladophora glomerata. MS thesis, University of Toledo.
Arnott, D. L. 1995. Nutrient cycling by the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): potential effects on lake food webs. MS thesis, Miami University, Ohio.
Atanasoff, M. J. 1993. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) as a reference toxicant with the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha: effects of pH and temperature on acute toxicity and accumulation kinetics. MS thesis, Ohio State University.
Babcock-Jackson, L. 1995. Determining biological activity of Capsaicin to the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. MS thesis, Ohio State University.
Bailey, J. E. 1993. Investigations into the mechanism of action of potassium toxicity in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. MS thesis, Ohio State University.
Bambakidis, T. 2005. Benthic invertebrate food selectivity in northern Lake Michigan following the invasion of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis). Honors thesis, Ohio State University.
Bauer, C. R. 2003. Ecological interactions among the “exotic triad” Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus), and zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), and their effects on native yellow perch (Perca flavescens). PhD diss., University of Notre Dame.
Benning, L. A. 1997. Benthic invertebrate community responses to round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion in Southern Lake Michigan. MS thesis, Loyola University of Chicago.
Bially, A. W. 1998. Distribution of Dreissena spp. on soft substrates in western Lake Erie and their impact on benthic invertebrate communities. MS thesis, University of Windsor.
Bidwell, J. R. 1993. Control strategies for the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and the Asian clam, Corhicula fluminea: Comparative stress responses and nontarget impact. PhD diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Birkett, K. M. 2011. An analysis of spatial and temporal changes in fish and benthic macroinvertebrate communities associated with zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) abundance in the Huron River, southeastern Michigan. MS thesis, University of Michigan.
Bitterman, A. M. 1992. Comparative growth and mortality rates of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, from two sites in Lake St. Clair. MS thesis, Oakland University.
Bodamer, B. L. 2007. The effects of wetland streams on the secondary dispersal of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in connected lake-stream systems. MS thesis, University of Toledo.
Boeckman, C. J. 2011. Characterizing zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) condition, populations, and community effects in Oklahoma habitats. PhD diss., Oklahoma State University.
Boles, L. C. 1996. Potential for population regulation of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, in the Hudson River. MA thesis, College of William and Mary.
Bombich, M. P. 2001. Size refuge limits short-term round goby effects on dreissenid mussels in Lake Erie mesocosms. MS thesis, Bowling Green State University.
Bossenbroek, J. 1999. Modeling the dispersal of Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) into the inland lakes of the western Great Lakes region using a gravity model. MS thesis, University of Wisconsin.
Bowman, M. F. 1997. The potential for zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) to alter lower food web dynamics: a mesocosm approach. MS thesis, University of Western Ontario.
Brady, V. J. 1996. Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in a Great Lakes coastal marsh: population dynamics and effects on the invertebrates. PhD diss., Michigan State University.
Brence, W. A. 1997. The seasonal cycling of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha, Pallas) physiology and habitat in the Ohio River. MS thesis, University of Cincinnati.
Brooks, A. A. 1997. Relationships between toxic metal concentrations from zebra mussel wastes and proximity to selected Lake Erie shipwrecks. MA thesis, University of Windsor.
Bruesewitz, D. 2008. The effects of invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on nitrogen cycling in freshwater ecosystems of the midwestern United States. PhD diss., University of Notre Dame.
Bruner, K. A. 1993. Bioconcentration and trophic transfer of lipophilic contaminants by the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha: the role of lipid content, body size, and route of exposure. PhD diss., Ohio State University.
Bunk, H. J. 1996. Growth variation in Dreissena polymorpha in three Wisconsin lakes. MS thesis, University of Wisconsin at Green Bay.
Burkart, G. A. 1999. Habitat use and nutrient release by native (Gammarus fasciatus) and exotic (Echinogammarus ischnus) amphipods in western Lake Erie: assessing the influence of the exotic zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). MS thesis, Wright State University.
Bykova, O. 2006. Do zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) alter the water chemistry in a way that favours Microcystis? MS thesis, Ryerson University.
Carey, J. 2009. Stopping the spread: examining the effectiveness of policies in the Mississippi River basin aimed at preventing the spread of zebra mussels. MS thesis, Oklahoma State University.
Cawein, J. 1993. Zebra mussel aggregation and migration: a study of mobility and micro-habitat site selection by the invading mollusc Dreissena polymorpha. MS thesis, Northwestern University.
Cha, Y. K. 2011. Load reduction and invasive mussel effects on eutrophication dynamics in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. PhD diss., Duke University.
Chase, M. E. 1996. Population dynamics, production and resource allocation in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, from the lower Great Lakes, Canada. PhD diss., University of Western Ontario.
Chase-Off, R. A. 1996. Effects of prolonged starvation on the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas). MS thesis, University of Texas at Arlington.
Chordas, S. W., III. 2000. Investigations into acute potassium intoxication in the introduced freshwater bivalves Dreissena polymorpha and Corhicula fluminea. PhD diss., Ohio State University.
Chu, H.- H. 2000. The use of wavelet analysis to assess the valve-movement response data of Corhicula flumniea and Dreissena polymorpha to environmental change. MS thesis, University of Illinois.
Clarke, M. 1993. Freeze sensitivity of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) with reference to dewatering during freezing conditions as a mitigation strategy. MS thesis, University of Texas.
Clarke, M. 1996. Factors affecting byssal thread production and the cost of byssogenesis in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas). PhD diss., University of Texas.
Claxton, W. T. 1998. Molecular systematics and ecology of deep and shallow water populations of Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis in Lake Erie. PhD diss., University of Guelph.
Coffman, C. D. 1995. Characteristics of the 1990–1994 Zooplankton community at a sample location in Lake Michigan near Michigan City, Indiana, with emphasis on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) dynamics. MS thesis, Ball State University.
Comeau, S. R. 2011. Colonization and decontamination of quagga mussels in the western United States: monitoring veligers in Lake Mead and field testing the effects of hot-water spray as a means of watercraft decontamination. MPH thesis, University of Nevada at Las Vegas.
Cottrell, C. M. 2000. Zebra mussel adhesion and aspects of its prevention using copper. PhD diss., University of Toronto.
Dauberschmidt, C. 1995. Organophosphorus pesticides in the freshwater mollusc Dreissena polymorpha. PhD diss., Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule Zuerich.
Daugherty, C. M. 1996. Investigation of the impacts of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) using a dynamic reservoir model. MS thesis, Ohio State University.
Dean, D. M. 1994. Investigations of biodeposition by Dreissena polymorpha. MS thesis, University of Guelph.
DeGirolamo, D. J. 1992. Inactivation of adult zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) by chlorination. MS thesis, State University of New York.
Deng, Y. 1996. Present and expected economic costs of zebra mussel damages to water users with Great Lakes water intakes. PhD diss., Ohio State University.
Denson, D. R. 1994. The timing and characteristics of reproduction in the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771). MS thesis, University of Southern Mississippi.
DeVanna, K. M. 2006. Role of Dreissena as ecosystem engineers: effects to native bioturbators and benthic community structure and function. MS thesis, University of Toledo.
DeWaard, J. 1999. The effects of Dreissena polymorpha on young of the year alewives and gizzard shad populations in western basin of Lake Erie. BA paper, University of Windsor.
Dobson, E. P. 1995. Biodeposition and uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls and cadmium by the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). MS thesis, University of Guelph.
Doka, S. E. 1995. Spatio-temporal dynamics and environmental prediction of recruitment in Dreissena populations of Lake Erie. MS thesis, University of Guelph.
Dunn, T. N. 2011. Analysis of water clarity, dissolved oxygen, total ammonia, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a of Oologah Lake, Oklahoma, after zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion. MS thesis, Oklahoma State University.
Durand-Hoffman, M. E. 1995. Analysis of physiological and toxicologieal effects of potassium on Dreissena polymorpha and toxicological effects on fish. MS thesis, Ohio State University.
Eddington, N. D. 1996. Partial oligonucleotide sequence of a mussel byssal precursor protein, Dreissena polymorpha foot protein. MS thesis, University of Delaware.
Edwards, W. J. 2002. Impacts of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on large lakes: influence of vertical turbulent mixing. PhD diss., Ohio State University.
Elderkin, C. L. 2001. Adaptation to local temperature environments in zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, populations along the latitudinal gradient formed by the Mississippi River. PhD diss., University of Louisiana.
Etherington, M. D. 2002. Influence of sedimentological factors on the distribution of Diporeia and Dreissena species in Lake Ontario. Honors thesis, Hobart and William Smith Colleges.
Fagan, T. M. 2011. Dissolved oxygen tolerances of post-veliger Dreissenids. MS thesis, Bowling Green State University.
Fallis, L. 2007. Identification and distribution of carbohydrates on the surface of gametes in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. MS thesis, Texas Christian University.
Farsad, N. 2010. Ultrastructural and histochemical characterization of the zebra mussel adhesive apparatus. MS thesis, University of Toronto.
Freeman, K. J. 1999. The effects of zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena spp.) on survival, growth, and condition of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in western Lake Erie. MS thesis, Miami University.
Genovese, E. E. 1995. The effects of Bacillus species on adult and larval zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). MS thesis, Western Illinois University.
Gergs R. 2009. Dreissena polymorpha in Lake Constance: an example of a keystone engineer? PhD diss., Konstanz University.
Gilbert, T. 2010. Investigation of the protein components of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) byssal adhesion apparatus MS thesis, University of Toronto, Canada.
Gillis, P. L. 1993. The impact of Dreissena polymorpha on populations of Unionidae and their effect on the host unionids' filtration activity and growth rate in Lake St. Clair. MS thesis, University of Guelph.
Goldenstein, T. A. 1996. Partitioning of hydrophobic contaminants by algae and assimilation by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). MS thesis, Ohio State University.
Graham, D. M. 1993. Growth and diet of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and white perch (Morone americanna) during zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) establishment in western Lake Erie. MS thesis, University of Toronto.
Granberg, J. E. 2004. Effects of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) infestation on genetic diversity of two native mussel species (Amblema plicata and Pyganodon grandis). MS thesis, Western Illinois University.
Gray, M. S. 2005. Natural and human-mediated dispersal of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the upper Susquehanna River basin of New York. MA thesis, State University of New York College.
Grazio, J. L. 2010. Evaluation of winter lake drawdown as a strategy to control zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). MS thesis, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania.
Giuliano, A. 2011. Effects of zebra mussel invasion on juvenile steelhead distribution, diet, growth, and condition in the Muskegon River, Michigan. MS thesis, University of Michigan.
Hall, A. D. 1998. The effects of temperature, oxygen tension, and mussel size on oxygen uptake rates of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. MS thesis, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University.
Hallac, D. E. 1999. Conservation of unionid mussels threatened by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in Lake Champlain, VT: an examination of species vulnerability, conservation strategies, and causal mechanisms of stress. MS thesis, University of Vermont.
Hamilton, D. J. 1992. The relationship between two predator groups, diving ducks and fish, and a novel prey item, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), in Lake Erie at Point Pelee, Ontario. MS thesis, University of Western Ontario.
Heiney, J. 1999. Molecular biology of proteins involved in reproduction and development of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. MS thesis, Wayne State University.
Hernandez, M. R. 1995. Thermal response and tolerance in the introduced freshwater bivalve, Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel). MS thesis. University of Texas.
Higgens, S. N. 2005. Modeling the growth dynamics of Cladophora in Eastern Lake Erie. PhD diss., University Waterloo.
Hincks, S. S. 1995. Environmental variables limiting the survival, growth and reproductive success of Dreissena polymorpha. MS thesis, University of Guelph.
Homsher, M. T. 2000. Time-integrated contaminant monitoring in an aquatic ecosystem using semipermeable membrane devices and Dreissena polymorpha. PhD diss., University of Toledo.
Horgan, M. J. 1996. Filter feeding biology of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and effects of reduced phytoplankton on Daphnia reproduction in Oneida Lake, New York. MS thesis, Cornell University.
Horvath, T. G. 1997. Dispersal and ecological impact of zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), in coupled lake-stream systems. PhD diss., University of Notre Dame.
Hubers, A. N. 1998. Sequence divergence and species distinguishing markers in the mitochondrial DNA 16S ribosomal gene among Dreissena, Mytilopsis, and Corhicula bivalve mussels. MS thesis, Case Western Reserve University.
Idrisi, N. 1997. Impact of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, on pelagic lower trophic food web dynamics of a large freshwater ecosystem. PhD diss., State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
Ji, X. 2008. Dreissena invasion and nutrient reduction: mechanisms of seston quality and quantity changes and potential effects on Zooplankton grazers. PhD diss., State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
Kadar, E. 2001. Interaction between aluminum and two freshwater bivalves Anodonta cygnea and Dreissena polymorpha at neutral pH. University of Manchester.
Kallmeyer, D. E. 1999. Density dynamics of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) larvae in a study zone of the Indiana waters of Lake Michigan from May through August of 1990–1997. MS thesis, Ball State University.
Kaur, J. 2002. Development of a coupled plankton—zebra mussel—PCB aquatic ecosystem model: application to Saginaw Bay. PhD diss., State University of New York.
Kavouras, J. H. 2002. The influence of biofilms on the attachment of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. PhD diss., Marquette University.
Kennedy, R. W. 1998. Selective feeding by common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) above and below Lock and Dam 19, Mississippi River. MS thesis, Western Illinois University.
Keppner, S. M. 1996. The impacts offish predation on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) population densities. MA thesis, State University College New York.
Kinsella, M. J. 1998. Effects of competition by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and predation by fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) on life history characteristics of Daphnia pulex. MS thesis, University of Wisconsin.
Kirsch, K. 2010. Effects of the invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on nutrient concentrations and plankton communities in reservoir ecosystems. MS thesis, Oklahoma State University.
Klangsin, P. 2000. Removal of fecal coliform bacteria by zebra mussels. PhD diss., University of Michigan.
Knoll, L. B. 2004. Understanding zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) impacts on autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton of inland lake ecosystems. MS thesis, Michigan State University.
Koutnik, M. A. 1993. Toward a dynamic spatial model of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) spread among inland waters of Wisconsin. MS thesis, University of Wisconsin.
Krestow, J. S. A. 1996. Use of Dreissena polymorpha for iodine-129 determinations in eastern Canada by accelerator mass spectrometry. MS thesis, University of Toronto.
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Marshall, J. 2000. Nanonplankton removal by the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) using Chlorella vulgaris as a food source. MS thesis, University of Wisconsin.
Mayer, C. M. 1998. The effects of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) introduction on the benthos and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) of Oneida Lake, New York. PhD diss., Cornell University.
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Mellina, E. 1993. Patterns in the distribution and abundance of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the St. Lawrence River in relation to substrate and other physico-chemical factors. MS thesis, McGill University.
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Moeller, M. L. 1993. Effects of some non-oxidizing molluscicides on oxygen consumption rates in Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) and Corhicula fluminea (Mueller). MS thesis, University of Texas.
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Morrison, H. A. 1996. The effects of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on the distribution and dynamics of polychlorinated biphenyls in the western Lake Erie food web. PhD diss., University of Windsor.
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BOOKS
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