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10 September 2015 Survival of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt Maize and Cross-Pollinated Refuge Ears from Seed Blends
André Luiz Barreto Crespo, Analiza Piovesan Alves, Yiwei Wang, Bonnie Hong, John Lindsey Flexner, Angus Catchot, David Buntin, Donald Cook
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Abstract

Refuge is mandated in the United States where genetically modified maize (Zea mays L.) expressing insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) are cultivated. Currently, refuge is deployed in different ways including blocks, field strips, or seed blends containing Bt and non-Bt maize. Seed blends provide practical advantages for refuge implementation. However, concerns related to the movement of insect larvae, potential differential survival of heterozygous resistant larvae, reduction in insect production, and cross-pollination of ears resulting in sublethal selection, have delayed seed blend use for Lepidoptera in the southern United States, where maize plantings are used as refuge for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). In this study, we evaluated the relative survival of H. zea in Bt events and in seed blends compared with pure stand refuge and the relative survival of H. zea on the individual components of the pyramid 1507xMON810xMIR162. The results showed variation on the production of H. zea in refuge plants from seed blends compared with pure stand refuge plants. The relative survival of H. zea on the events 1507, MON810, MIR162, and 1507xMON810xMIR162 ranked similarly across the three locations tested. These results can be used in computer simulation modeling efforts to evaluate the feasibility of seed blends as a refuge deployment strategy with the pyramid 1507xMON810xMIR162. Because the reduction on survival of H. zea due to blending was variable, a sensitivity analysis that includes all possible scenarios of reduction in survival should be considered.

©The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com
André Luiz Barreto Crespo, Analiza Piovesan Alves, Yiwei Wang, Bonnie Hong, John Lindsey Flexner, Angus Catchot, David Buntin, and Donald Cook "Survival of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt Maize and Cross-Pollinated Refuge Ears from Seed Blends," Journal of Economic Entomology 109(1), 288-298, (10 September 2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov272
Received: 25 March 2015; Accepted: 24 August 2015; Published: 10 September 2015
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KEYWORDS
Cross-pollination
Helicoverpa zea
refuge in a bag
seed blend
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