Chen, J.; Wang, X.; Liu, X.; Huang, J., and Xie, Z., 2015. Removal of dye wastewater COD by sludge based activated carbon.

In this paper, activated carbon prepared by chemical activation based on dye sludge was used to treat dye wastewater to remove dye wastewater COD. Experiments with KOH and H₃PO₄ treated the original activated sludge, and set adding fly ash activated sludge as the control group. COD removal experiment results showed that: KOH as activator, the activation temperature and activation time is 60 min at 600 conditions activated sludge obtained with relative maximum iodine value, and when the adsorption time in 15 min ˜ 20 min time, COD removal rate could reach above 95%. Under the same conditions, raw sludge directly activated sludge pyrolysis also has good COD removal; the best removal rate is up to 90%. The experimental results of COD removal of activated carbon in the fly ash added after the original sludge pyrolysis obtained showed that the addition of fly ash to COD removal did not play a synergistic effect. This work provided a simple and eco-friendly method for dye wastewater treatment with recycling of waste.

Liu, W.; Li, W., and Xu, X., 2015. The analysis of the PPP financing model application in ports of China.

The article introduces a new model of port financing - PPP (Public-Private Partnership) financing model the analysis of the model's characteristics, then expounds the confirmation of concession period through game theory, and finally discusses the obstacle of private capitals and the role of government in putting forward the prospect of PPP model in ports of China. It provides a certain theoretical basis and shows the practical significance in the application of the PPP financing model in the field of port construction.

Zhang, X., and Zuo, Q., 2015. Analysis of water resource situation of the tarim river basin and its system evolution under the changing environment.

The water resource of the Tarim River Basin is supplied by various water sources such as precipitation, melt water of glacier and snow and it is sensitive to climatic change. The water resource system is greatly unstable and vulnerable, and its evolution law is complicated. Due to the double influence of climate change and human activities, the managerial risk and uncertainty of water resource in the Tarim River Basin are increased severely. Based on hydrological and meteorological materials of hydrological station and watershed weather station controlled in the main exits of three origins in the Tarim River Basin from 1962 to 2007, together with the materials of accumulation of snow from 2000 to 2011, its runoff changing process and its long-term tendency are analyzed by means of the linear tendency estimation method. Then, the multi-COPULA joint distribution model between meteorological and hydrological variables is established. The evolutionary driving force of water resource systems in different periods and its change of dependent measure is analyzed based on change-point detection of dependent structure and the result of the correlative degree in the tail. Temporal and spatial variation of evolution is further investigated to provide a reliable basis for regional management of water resource.

Guo, J.; Hu, Z.; Wang, J.; Chang, X., and Li, G., 2015. Sea level changes of China seas and neighboring ocean based on satellite altimetry missions from 1993 to 2012.

The latest satellite altimetry data of TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), Jason-1 and Jason-2 during the formation flight phase were analyzed. The average difference of sea level anomaly (SLA) was 9.72cm between Jason-1 and T/P, and –11.03 cm between Jason-2 and Jason-1 over the China seas and neighboring ocean. Then SLA time series from 1993 to 2012 were constructed and analyzed with the least squares method. In China seas and neighboring ocean, the average rising rate of sea surface height was about 4.64 mm/yr. The specific average rising rates were 4.44 mm/yr, 2.34 mm/yr, 3.02 mm/yr and 4.25 mm/yr in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea, respectively. The cycles of sea level changes were also analyzed with wavelet analysis, and results showed that the most significant period of sea level change over each sea was 1 year. A quasi-nine-year cycle was also found over the South China Sea.

Wang, Y.; Dou, X.; Ding, F.; Tuo, Y., and Liu, Y., 2015. Ensuring mooring line safety for deepwater turret-moored FPSO in extreme seas.

This study addresses dynamic positioning technology of deepwater FPSO moored to the seabed via a turret based spread mooring system, referred to as Position Mooring (PM). In normal weather conditions, the mooring system constrains the FPSO to the predefined region. In extreme seas, however, the mooring system behaves in a limited fashion to constrain the position such that the thruster force is also needed in order to avoid damage to the mooring lines. A controller based on structural reliability is presented for turret-moored FPSO. First, a mathematical model of FPSO in terms of the kinematics and dynamics and the environmental disturbance is established. Second, a mathematical model of one single mooring line is set up based on the catenary equation. Thereafter, the mathematical model for the whole turret mooring system is established. Third, a PID and a state feedback controller based on structural reliability are designed to ensure mooring lines safety. Finally, a series of simulation tests are carried out for a turret-moored FPSO. The simulation results show that the dynamic tension of the mooring line is effectively reduced due to introduction of a reliability index in terms of controller design.

Mi, C.; Shen, Y.; Mi, W., and Huang, Y., 2015. Ship identification algorithm based on 3D point cloud for automated ship loader.

With the development of bulk port automation, the ship loader as the main quayside machine of bulk terminal is required for transformation from manual operation to automation. The ship identification method is a key inspection technique for automated ship loaders. In this paper, a fast ship identification algorithm was formulated based on the 3D point cloud of the ship, as generated by the Laser Measurement Systems (LMS) mounted on the ship loader. To meet the requirement of real-time computing for the automated ship loader, the 3D point cloud was first processed to reduce its dimensions from 3D point cloud into a 2D image. A projection method was then applied to locate and identify all bulk cargo holds in the ship. Finally, a group of experiments on ship identification was conducted using this algorithm in the Coal Terminal of Tianjin Port. The results showed that the computing time for a whole ship was lower than 200 ms and the error of the algorithm was lower than 10%, meeting the requirement of automated ship loaders.

Xie, L.; Zhu, Y.; Huang, W., and Liu, C., 2015. Experimental investigations of dynamic wave force on seabed around a geotextile mattress with floating curtain.

A new technique called geotextile mattress with floating curtain (GMFC) may be an advisable alternative countermeasure against seabed erosion, since it can allow deposited sediment dunes to form naturally at upstream and downstream sides of GMFC when installed in erosive flow. However, cyclic loading of wave actions can lead to liquefaction of the seabed under the mattress, reducing the maximum friction resistance of the mattress, even leading to instability of the GMFC structure. Thus, in this study a series of physical model tests in a rectangular flume were carried out to investigate the behavior of a single GMFC and the hydrodynamic environment around GMFC subjected to wave loading. The wave force on seabed was recorded by pressure gauges installed on the flume bed. Experimental results indicated that some area of the unmovable bed around GMFC suffered much higher hydrodynamic pressure under the wave action. The areas directly facing the bottom openings of GMFC are more prone to bear higher cyclic force of wave actions. Moreover, the results also illustrated that the highest cyclic force of wave actions on the seabed appears at a distance of the mattress-curtain height to the GMFC centerline. The parametric study indicated that the opening ratio has a significant impact on the wave force properties.

Wang, G.; Kang, J.; Yan, G.; Han, G., and Han, Q., 2015. Spatio-temporal variability of sea level in the East China Sea.

The spatio-temporal variability of sea level in the East China Sea (ECS) was investigated based on satellite altimeter data and tide gauge data. The sea level in the ECS has strong seasonal variations, being highest in autumn and lowest in spring. The seasonal variability is also highly variable in space. Affected by the East Asian monsoon, the sea level is higher in the north than that in the south, with its peak located near the Yangtze River estuary, especially in summer and autumn. In the past 50 years, the rate of the sea level rise near the Yangtze River Delta has been 5.45 mm/a, 1.5 times as high as the mean rate of the ECS. Therefore, the Yangtze River Delta, especially the Shanghai region, is more vulnerable to sea level rise in September and October. Monthly peak rate of the ECS is higher than the corresponding monthly average rate, with the biggest differences in March, April and October. The annual peak rate of ECS in autumn is 5.07mm/a, 1.4 times greater than the annual average rate, so more emphasis should be paid to the study of the sea-level peak to reduce the risk in coastal areas. Sea level change of the ECS has multi-scale cycle characteristics, where the annual sea level cycle is influenced by the runoff of Yangtze River and Kuroshio, while the seasonal variation characteristics are caused by strong seasonal change in sea level variation. The 30-month cycle is related to quail-biennial oscillation (QBO), the 134- month (about 11 years) cycle is the same as the sunspot activity cycle, and the 230-month (about 19 years) cycle corresponds to the moon's declination cycle (18.6 years). In the next decade, the sea level of the ECS is expected to continuously rise. We predicted that the next sea level peak period in the ECS will be around 2025.

Zhu, F.; Jiang, Y., and Li, W., 2015. Analysis and calculation of ocean current load and wave load on a floating crane under a normal working state.

This paper takes a certain ultra-large all-slewing floating crane as the research object, analyzing its ocean current load, wave load and their effects on the vessel in the process of normal work. The paper discusses the ocean current and wave load impact on the stability of the floating crane, and how the horizontal impact force and crosswise moments of force are calculated according to the given parameters when the floating crane is affected by crosswise and lengthwise ocean currents. Furthermore, the perpendicular disturbance moments and crosswise drifting forces are calculated based on horizontal and vertical waves. Finally, this approach makes a basis for anti-overturn stability calculations.

Yao, W.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Y.; Zhou, M.; Sun, M., and Zhang G., 2015. Improved vector control for marine podded propulsion control system based on wavelet analysis.

In this paper, the rotor speed and the position of the marine SSP propulsion motor were estimated for building sensorless vector control system with speed and current double closed loops, based on a wavelet square-root unscented Kalman filter (Wavelet-SRUKF) algorithm. The observed data were pretreated by wavelet analysis and the high frequency noise was filtered, thus offering further smooth observed data for the UKF (Unscented Kalman Filter). This Wavelet-SRUKF algorithm can not only filter the spike point but also showed a better dynamic tracing property of the marine SSP podded propulsion system. Simulation results showed that the improved UKF algorithm was more accurate and demonstrated a higher rate of convergence compared with UKF speed controller.

Wang, Y.; Zhang, L., and Haimiti, Y., 2015. Study on spatial variability of soil nutrients in Ebinur lake wetlands in China.

Three typical regions were selected in Ebinur Lake wetlands of Xinjiang in China, and the nutrient content of their soil was determined with analytical chemistry approaches. Based on the chemical information, the Geostatistics method was employed to analyze the space variability of the soil nutrients for each region. The results were that the comprehensive nutrients level of Region C (Aqikesu River) was higher than those of Region B (Jinghe and Bortala River) and Region A (Alashankou). There is a strong spatial autocorrelation for the soil nutrients studied. Soil organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphorus in every region showed moderate variability, and the variability of potassium depended on the region. The spatial variability of soil nutrients is assumedly caused by climate, topography, soil type, etc. The study is of great significance in understanding the forming process of soil, as well as in providing scientific reference for restoring of soil degradation and dust resistance of the regions studied.

Shu, F.; Mi, W.; Li, X.; Zhao, N.; Mi, C., and Yang, X., 2015. A double-population genetic algorithm for ASC loading sequence optimization in automated container terminals.

An automated container terminal (ACT) emphasizes the autonomy of equipment scheduling. The scheduling of the automated stacking crane (ASC) as major equipment has an important impact on the yard operating efficiency. In the export process, ASC cooperated with the quay crane in loading operations. Although traditionally the loading sequence of ASC is generated directly in terms of the stowage plan, with the trend towards automated intelligent terminals, the ASC is becoming increasingly the content of dynamic decision. This paper presents a method of dynamic planning ASC loading sequence after the stowage plan. The method took reshuffling number and ASC movement frequency into account, considered the target vessel slots defined by the stowage plan as constraints, and established a multi-objective mathematical model. Taking into account the problem with NP-hard characteristics, this paper proposed a double-population genetic algorithm based on a general genetic algorithm, establishing a solution mechanism by leveraging genetic exchanges between populations to change the convergence speed. With the completion of a certain bay in the block, it online adjusted the next block collection, and eventually formed a solution of real-time loading sequence. Experiments demonstrated that the algorithm could dynamically obtain the near optimal solution of the problem, adapt the timeliness demand of ASC dynamic decision, and improve the intelligence of the equipment control system (ECS).

Shao, A.; Wang, S.; Wang, Q., and Liu, Y., 2015. Research on environmental effects of large scale hydropower project: a case study in Three-Gorge Project.

The topography is low and flat in the estuarine region of the Yangtze River where waterlogged and salt-affected soil has been a latent threat to agricultural development for long time. After the Three-Gorge Project is built up, the Three-Gorge Reservoir seasonally adjusted runoff will impact on the dynamic of soil water and salt in the region. The influence of these relationships is very complicated. In spring, it will cause the river water level to increase so that discharge increases which will not favor desalting. At the same time, the mineral levels of the groundwater will decrease which favors of desalting. In autumn and winter, it will make the river water level drop so that the discharge decreases which favors desalting. However, the mineral level of the groundwater will increase and a salty tide invasion will strengthen which will not favor desalting. The initial predicted result of the numerical simulation shows that salification will be bigger in autumn than desalinization in spring. The degree of impact of the project on the regime of soil salt will be gradually weakened along the river up from the estuary. The nearer to the sea, the bigger the impact, and from cross profiles, the nearer to the river, the bigger the impact. It is more probable that soil will produce salification or secondary salinization especially within 4 kilometers of the river.

Bian, Z.; Yang, Y.; Mi, W., and Mi, C., 2015. Dispatching electric AGVs in automated container terminals with long travel distance.

Electric AGV's are a promising horizontal transporter for automated container terminals (ACT), however, its application in ACTs has been held back since the performance of batteries was unsatisfactory. Following the development of battery technology in recent years, the major obstacle impeding the application of AGVs has turned to the management defects, especially in automated container terminals with long travelling distance. In light of this, an event-driven approach for dispatching electric AGVs in ACT's is proposed in this paper. An event-driven assignment model considering battery capacity is raised, in which empty AGVs are always deemed as available for assignment. Moreover, the performance of algorithms for assignment is compared by numerical experiments.

Chen, D.; Chen, Y., and Han B., 2015. Toll policy for load balancing research based on data mining in port logistics.

Studies on the scheduling and decision-making at Port Logistics have mostly been limited to the turn round of ships and/or the throughput capacity of harbors previously, and it has rarely been explored from the perspective of load balancing among logistics service activity lines. Tolling is generally considered to be a method for balancing the supply and demand of social resources. This paper explored the emergence and development of the logistics toll policy. It examined the influence of tolls on consumers' logistics choices, and even the departure time choices. The modern toll policy was mainly designed to reduce traffic congestion. We listed potential motivations for applying the toll policy to balance traffic supply and demand, and then uncovered how it worked. We discussed the approaches for evaluating the logistics toll pricing policy. By introducing a case study, Los Angeles in the State of California, we applied the proposed method to compute the value of time and the value of reliability to evaluate the toll pricing policy. We also verified the actions and reactions of the toll policy in the practical logistics network. Finally, a case of large-scale container terminal was simulated according to the different pressure test modes, and the above algorithms were computed and evaluated in light of the comprehensive analysis of task latency, traffic capacity and load balancing to judge the relative merits.

Liu, H.; Mi, W.; Zhao, N., and Feng, Y., 2015. Modeling and simulating the operation of the harbor portal crane.

As more and more attention has been paid to energy saving, consumption reducing of the port in order to realize the concept of a green port, the number of experts and scholars devoted to the research of energy saving technology in port machinery is increasing. Generally, due to the busy port operations, port machinery could not be divorced from the operating line solely for research. Moreover, the use of real port machinery would impose a high cost for research. Therefore, it was necessary to look for a low-cost, high-precision research platform. In this article, we established a mechanical model, motor model and control model by simulation software based on a real portal crane. And we integrated these three models into the whole simulation platform, providing an energy saving research base by simulating the hoisting and luffing operation of the port crane and analyzing the power change and energy consumption in the hoisting and luffing process. The results of the simulation showed that the simulation platform can completely meet the requirements for portal crane energy saving research.

Yu, Y.; Xiong, W., and Cao, Y., 2015. A conceptual model of supply chain risk mitigation: The role of supply chain integration and organizational risk propensity.

Supply chain risk management has drawn great attention from both researchers and practitioners in recent years. Economic globalization and the resultant complexity of the supply chain network plus the uncertainty of the environment makes risk and vulnerability a major challenge to related firms. This paper aims to establish a conceptual model for mitigating supply chain risk by introducing two variables named supply chain integration and organizational risk propensity. Based on extensive literature review, some major propositions are proposed including the following four aspects: supply chain risk is negatively related to supply chain integration; supply chain integration is positively related to company performance; organizational risk propensity moderates the relationship between supply chain risk and supply chain integration; the integrative model is moderated-mediation. The integrative model is theoretically valuable in further exploring the internal path and mechanism of the impact of supply chain risk on a firm's performance. The model is also practically useful in providing suggestions and references for supply chain risk management and supply chain integration. Finally, the future directions for empirical research are also presented.

Chen, G.; Sun, X.; Hu, H., and Hu, Y., 2015. Research on modeling and algorithm of supply chain's reliability based on CCFSM.

Reliability is one of the most important characteristics of the functioning of supply chains. Modeling supply chain's reliability based on common causes of failure between supplier(s) and manufacturers (abbreviated as CCFSM) is a complex and important problem. To identify key factors which cause the failure in the supply chain, the principle of fault tree analysis and the method of Monte Carlo simulation are proposed to apply in the modeling and the algorithm of supply chain's reliability based on CCFSM. After analyzing detailed failure factors which lead to supply chain failure, its diagnostic model is established with the principle of fault tree analysis and the diagnostic algorism of key factors is studied by the method of the Monte Carlo simulation, which can calculate unreliability and the key importance of supply chain. Lastly, the case is presented to prove the model and algorithm's feasibility and validity.

Dou, Z. and Li, H., 2015. Optimization of the border port logistics and the key-factors recognition based-on HLA/SysML.

How to identify the key factors of port-logistics optimization is a hot topic and difficult issue. Taking the Yunnan border port as an example, researching the modeling, analysis, simulation, optimization and equilibrium methods of the border port logistics system under the comprehensive transportation system, the distributed interactive simulation (DIS) framework based-on high level architecture (HLA) was suggested at first, and the system model of the border port logistics system was established using system model language (SysML). To recognize the key factors of the border port-logistics, 9 years of logistics data from the Hekou port was used as a simulation experiment. The results show that the method is feasible and effective, and important in revealing the operational law of the border port logistics system.

Yu, F.; Zhang, Y.; Cheng, S., and Yu, J., 2015. Study on calculational methods for the settlement process of high filling canals.

Variations in the settlement process of high filling canals are difficult to predict. This thesis, by means of the ANSYS finite element, determines the law governing the influence of fill height H, elastic modulus E, and Poisson's ratio μ on the settlement of canals and puts forward the lateral deformation correction factor K₁ and additional settlement correction factor K₂ correcting the modulus of compressibility of the fill in the loading process. On the basis of the layered summation method, we establish a calculation method applicable to the settlement variation process of high filling canals. The method involves fewer calculation parameters and allows for the influence of lateral deformation, additional settlement and modulus of compressibility as the depth varies. It is with this method that the settlement variation process and aggregate settlement of high filling canals from the start of filling until the post-fill steadiness of settlement can be legitimately calculated and worked out.

Shi, H. and Xing, Y., 2015. The development of rotterdam port enlightenment to the ports of Jiangsu.

Rotterdam Port has become a world-class port and the most important port for the continent of Europe. This paper can be divided into four parts. The first part is an introduction to the whole paper. The second part is a general background to port logistics' development and water transportation, and there are also a simple introduction to Rotterdam port and the ports of Jiangsu. It also contains a detailed introduction to the port of Rotterdam and describes the new trends of world ports based on Rotterdam Port's development history. The next part is an analysis of the ports of Jiangsu in comparison with the Rotterdam port by looking at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The last part is the conclusion of the paper. Through the four parts, some ideas have been given in regards to the future development of the ports of Jiangsu.

Zhang, H. and Zhao, X., 2015. Quantitative analysis of organizational behavior of container shipping in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River based on Hub-and–Spoke network.

By investigating the current situation of container shipping organization at the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, it was discovered that current transport organizations do not follow the basic law of “large ship with long line, small with short line” but conform to a government subsidies policy. This paper constructs a integer programming optimization model of the container Hub-and-Spoke transport in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River and indicates that the container Hub-and–Spoke transport organization mode in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River with the axis of the section of Wuhan Newport-Shanghai Yangshan port area is optimized, compared with the existing transport organization mode, which can lead to 5% and 8.4% drop in generalized total transport cost and fuel consumption respectively given the existing ship types as well as 15.3% and 20.1% decreases respectively given the optimal ship types. As the government subsidy policy misled the behavior of the ship market managers, the negative effects caused by the behavior of government and ship managers have also been quantified and analyzed, and a policy aimed at the development of the optimization of the container transport organization in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River have been put forward.

Cai, L.; Wang, Y.; Li, X.; Shi, H.; Jiao, H.; Sun, Y., and Wang, Y., 2015. Temporal characteristics of community structure of zooplankton in Luanjiaoyang Seas, China.

The Luanjiaoyang Seas are an important part of the East China Sea with rich fishery resources and a good ecological environment. In this study, spatial and temporal characteristics of the community structures of Zooplankton in the Luanjiaoyang Seas, Ningbo were described, including diversity index and environmental factors by using quantitative and qualitative methods. Sampling was carried out in December 2011 and in April, July, and October 2012. The results showed that of 104 species, Copepods, Protozoa and Planktonic larvaeas accounted for 53, 18 and 14 species respectively. The species number was at a maximum in summer and at a minimum in spring and this abundance applied to sites near the coast, the farther coast sites and the farthest coast sites. The results showed that the pattern of the community was significantly different, and the differences in the community were beyond 75%. The Margalef richness index (d) ranged from 0.32 to 1.17 (average 0.83); the Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H') range from 1.92 to 3.74 (average 2.74); the Pielou evenness index (J) ranged from 1.21 to 1.39 (average 1.28); while the Simpson index (D) averaged 0.80. The sea community was stable.

Huo, S.; Chao, Y.; Dai, G., and Gong, W., 2015. Field test research of inclined large-scale steel pipe pile foundation for offshore wind farms.

Relying on the East Sea Wind Farm project in China, the laterally loaded tests using the unidirectional and single cycle loading test methods were conducted on full-size inclined steel pipe piles filled with concrete. The internal force and deformation of piles, the critical bearing capacity, and lateral soil pressure were obtained from the full-scale test. The results show that the location of the maximal bending moment of pile shaft was at the depth of 2.5~3.5 meters beneath the soil surface level and soil resistance of the pile with a positive inclination angle was more than that with a negative inclination angle. The results also indicated that the p-y curves of all test piles increased linearly when the lateral displacement at pile head was smaller than 20 mm.

Jia, H.; Liu, H., and Yang, Y., 2015. The research on the prediction of health status of the container gantry crane energy systems.

In this paper, the remaining capacity of lead-acid batteries is used to evaluate the health status of RTG energy systems. A LS-SVM model was established for predicting the remaining capacity of batteries, with the PSO-BP algorithm optimizing the parameters in the LS-SVM model. Using the trained LS-SVM model, the remaining capacity of batteries and the degradation trend of battery capacity with time are predicted. Compared with measured results, the predicted results show that the LS-SVM model can accurately predict the remaining capacity of lead-acid batteries.

Chen, L. and Han, Z., 2015. Study of the influence of the deep-water channel project in the Yangtze River estuary on ecological landscape and fractal dimensions of Jiuduan Shoal tidal channels.

The Jiuduan Shoal has the most extensive tidal channel system in the Yangtze River estuary diara, and the construction of the Deep-Water Channel Project in the Yangtze River estuary has had a significant effect on the distribution and morphology of tidal channels. Taking tidal channels in the Jiuduan Shoal in Yangtze River estuary as a research object, using remote sensing data which was extracted from 1997 to 2013, we analyzed the influence of the Deep-Water Channel Project in the Yangtze River estuary on the ecological landscape of Jiuduan Shoal tidal channels by using landscape indexes such as Total Class Area (CA), Number of Patches (NP), Patch Density (PD), Percentage of Landscape (PLAND), Landscape Shape Index (LSI), Fractal Dimension Index (FRAC), and Largest Patch Index (LPI). Graded tidal channels by using the principle of Horton Strahler of image of 2013. We found that, in the 1st and the 2nd phase of the project, the proportion of the tidal channel area increased compared to the previous period, but by the end of the 2nd phase project in 2013, the proportion of the total landscape area made up of tidal channels accounted for less in successive years; NP, PD, LSI, and LPI fluctuated in the first phase of Deep-Water Channel Project, after this tidal channels of Jiuduan Shoal maintained the same trend, namely, the tidal channels aggregation degree decreased year by year. The distribution of tidal channels tended toward separation which shows that the tidal channels fragmentation is increasing year by year. By the end of the third phase of construction, the shape of the tidal channels became gradually different and tended to be more discrete. The shape complexity increased and the tidal channels became more and more mature and complicated and can be seen in the same grade of Jiuduan Shoal tidal channels, which on the left side of the dimensions change range are greater than the right, namely, the tidal channels on the left side are more complex than the right. In different grades of of tidal channels, the change range of the minimum width is little, but the maximum is quite large. There is little relevance between the changes in the width of the different grades of tidal channels and its fractal dimension difference values between the left and right sides. In different grades of tidal channels, whether left or right, the fractal dimension values increase with the average width and grade number of tidal channels.

Zhong, L. and Li, X., 2015. Simulation analysis of lightweight cylindrical lattice materials with different unit cells.

To address the difficulty of designing lattice material structures, five different unit cells are presented including edge structure, vertex structure, face center structure, interconnect vertex structure and cross face center structure. The finite element analysis (FEA) method is introduced to analyze the mechanical properties of these five typical unit cells. It is indicated that, when stressed, bended or twisted with the same shape, size, mass, and loading force by changing their cellular pillar section R, the edge structure possesses optimal performance. The simulation results of the functional efficiency and bearing efficiency data obtained for various unit cells could shed some light on the lattice material designing under different loading conditions.

Mo, S.; Duan, H.; Shen, B., and Wang, D., 2015. Interval two-stage stochastic integer programming for urban water resources management under uncertainty.

In this study, an interval-parameter two-stage stochastic integer programming model (ITSIP) was developed for urban water resource planning under uncertainty. ITSIP incorporates pre-regulated water resources management policies directly into its optimization process to analyze various policy scenarios. Each scenario has a different economic penalty when the agreed water-allocation targets are violated. Methods of interval-parameter and stochastic programming were applied to tackle uncertainties described by both interval value and probability distributions, while binary variables were used to model processes such as shunting. The developed method can provide a link between economic cost and the associated penalties attributed to the violation of pre-regulated policies. The model was used in a case study of an urban water supply system that withdraws water from multiple sources. A number of scenarios corresponding to different river inflow levers were examined, and the results indicated that different inflow levels could lead to differing water allocation schemes with varied system costs and failure risks. The model proved to be valuable for identifying management regimes that minimize cost under different decision scenarios with various levels of stream flow.

Zhang, W. and Liu, Y., 2015. Main factor sensitivity analysis based on response surface model updating of port crane structure.

When using the response surface model for model updating, the efficiency is higher than using the traditional sensitivity based on finite element (FE) model updating method, as the simple polynomial response surface (RS) model is adapted to optimize the iteration instead of the complicated finite element model. However, the selection of the parameters to be updated for model updating in the response surface model is usually based on experience, which will lead the updating results to be subjective. In this paper, a main factor sensitivity analysis based RS model updating method was put forward, and the main parameters in the RS model were determined according to the sensitivity analysis of the design parameters in the FE model of the structure onto the multi-frequency optimization object function. By combining the central composite design, quadratic polynomial and least square estimation technique, a set of response surface regression models of structure frequencies were built, and the fgoalattain algorithm was applied to solve and optimize the multi-frequency response surface model. The updating results of the port crane structure model with this method showed that the reasonable main factors could be attained, and that the frequency response surface models could accurately describe the calculated frequencies of the FE model. The updating results were highly accurate and efficient, which means that the method put forward in this paper was applicable to the updating of the FE models of large and complicated port crane structures.

Liu, Z.; Li, P.; Hu, Y., and Wang, J., 2015. Modeling the wetting patterns in cultivation substrates under drip irrigation.

Information on the depths and widths of the wetted zone of substrate is a pre-requisite for the design and operation of drip irrigation systems. A semi-empirical model was developed using the dimensional analysis method to simulate the geometry of wetted substrate zone under drip irrigation. The simulated values of the wetted width and wetted depth were compared with those obtained through field experiments to test model applicability. Statistical analysis revealed that the values of Mean Square Error, Mean Error and Model Efficiency were 1.11 cm, 0.53 cm and 80.6% at least respectively. For the prediction of wetted width and depth of substrate T₁ and T₂, therefore, the develop model can be used to describe wetted substrate patterns under drip irrigation system with an emitter.

Jiang, H.; Tang, K., and He, X., 2015. Experimental studies on reduction of evaporation from plain reservoirs in drought areas by benzene board covering technology.

Plain reservoirs in drought areas are often characterized by low water levels and large surface areas. These reservoirs lose much of their water to evaporation. To counteract this, this paper proposes reducing invalid evaporation from plain reservoirs by way of benzene board covering technology. In field experiments, we measured the efficiency of the evaporation reduction rate of water, analyzed the connection and fixation mode for stabilizing the benzene boards, and discussed engineering measures of water saving by preventing water from evaporating from the plain reservoirs in drought areas. Experimental results showed that invalid evaporation from plain reservoirs was reduced by as much as 51.25%. This demonstrates that with a reasonable connection and fixation of benzene boards, this technology can be used to effectively reduce invalid evaporation from plain reservoirs.

Suo, A.; Cao, K.; Zhao, J., and Lin, Y., 2015. Study on impacts of sea reclamation on fish community in adjacent sea areas: a case in Caofeidian, North China.

To reveal the impacts of sea reclamation on fish communities in adjacent areas, Caofeidian in north China was chosen as a case study in this paper. A total of 19 sample points were set in offshore areas reclaimed in 2004, 2008, and 2010, which represents the beginning, middle and ending phase of reclamation works. Species richness, density, biomass, and biodiversity index were analyzed to describe changes of adjacent fish community during the reclamation process. It is found that the fish density declined by 22.66% from 2004 to 2010 due to sea reclamation. The fish biomass decreased from 46.07 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ in 2004 to 25.35 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ in 2010, which was mainly caused by body miniaturization of dominated fish and increased density of other fish species. The sea reclamation also reduced the eggs and fries in adjacent areas. The density of fish eggs decreased from 5.42 ind·m⁻³·h⁻¹ to 0.13 ind·m⁻³·h⁻¹and the density of fries decreased from 2.29 ind·m⁻³·h⁻¹to 0.19 ind·m⁻³·h⁻¹. These changes of fish community were mainly due to the plenty of suspended sand diffused to adjacent waters. Besides, the impact of reclamation on fish community was bigger in autumn than in spring.

Liu, Y. and Shen, Y., 2015. Influence of crack geometric properties on its propagation tendency of rail surface crack under rolling contact fatigue for the port machines.

With the development of the loading capacity of the port machines, rail cracks have become a safety problem during operation. As rail cracks' geometric properties change, load distribution is rearranged at the crack tips, which affects the propagation tendency of the crack. In this study, simulations of rail surface crack growth under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) were presented based on a 3D finite element model. More specifically, the focus was on the calculation of the stress intensity factors at the crack tip fronts of short surface crack as well as the variation of the crack geometric properties such as the crack's size, inclination angle and shape, etc. The results showed that with the increase of the crack size, the propagation rate increases to a maximum and then decreases when the crack extends away from the domination of RCF loadings. Moreover, with the increase of the crack inclined angle, the crack propagation rate decreases, but this is only true when the crack size is small. Under RCF, the propagation rate at the rail surface in lateral direction was higher than that at the deepest crack tip, which leads the crack to develop from semi-circular into semi-elliptical, and the propagation rate of semi-elliptical crack is higher than the semi-circular one with the same crack size.

Liu, Y.; Luo, G., and Zhuang, Y., 2015. The status and forecast of China's exploitation of renewable marine energy resources.

With the development of the economy, the demand for energy will rise steadily and mineral energy will be in short supply. Renewable marine energy has many advantages including being cleaned, renewable and not causing pollution. In addition, marine energy enjoys a large reserve which can help supply the energy for island residents. In the long-term, it can relieve the energy scarcity problem and improve energy structure. Therefore, this energy sources plays a strategic role for China. However, due to technology costs and the difficulty of maintaining equipment quality, the development of marine energy is slow. There are many obstacles in the comprehensive plan, including the input of R&D and the management system. In order to exploit the marine energy in China, we must take into account things such as the cost of technology, equipment, electric lines, electricity transmission and maintenance.

Yang, X.; Zhao, N.; Bian, Z.; Chai, J., and Mi, C., 2015. An intelligent storage determining method for inbound containers in container terminals.

In this paper, the container Stacking Position Determination Problem (SPDP) for inbound containers in the process of vessel loading and unloading activities is discussed, specifically focusing on the storage space allocation problem (SSAP) in container terminals. The process of positioning inbound containers is investigated and analyzed based on an advanced handling strategy, namely assigning quay cranes in their full utilization with the aim of “Full In & Full Out” that is proposed for internal trucks, where intense loading and unloading activities are considered at the same time. A multi-objective integer programming model (MOIPM) is then put forward based on the idea of real-time strategic planning. For the solution, a genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to address the formulated problem. In addition to the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed model, a number of experimental results also verify the robustness of the GA algorithm. The application of the proposed method is able to improve operational efficiency in container terminals and reduce handling costs as well.

Xie, J.; Wang, Y.; Peng, Z.; Du, H., and Zhu, T., 2015. Research on influence of ferroporphyrin content on ferric chloride coagulation effect.

This paper tests the raw water sample from the Qingdao sewage treatment plant and studies influence of the ferroporphyrin content in FeCl₃ coagulant on coagulation effect. The results indicate that the ferroporphyrin content in FeCl₃ coagulant is non-linearly correlated with removal effect of total phosphorus and COD_Cr in sewage. When the ferroporphyrin content is 25% in FeCl₃, 16.0 mg/L addition volume can reduce the COD_Cr content in the supernatant to 195mg/L, the removal rate reaches 56.7%, total phosphorus content reduces to 1.7mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 70.7%. When the ferroporphyrin content in FeCl₃ will continue reduction till 0.4%, the removal rate of COD_Cr and total phosphorus are only improved by 1.1% and 1.3%. From the view of the price/performance ratio, when the FeCl₃ coagulant is used as the raw water coagulation in the sewage, the ferroporphyrin content limit regulated in the product quality standard can be properly relaxed to reduce the production cost of the ferric chloride coagulant.

Cheng, H.; Li, F., and Mao, Q., 2015. The empirical analysis on the influence of CO₂ emission regulation on the export transformation of Chinese manufacturing industries.

Since China has begun to implement stringent CO₂ emission regulation, foreign trade competitiveness suffers from great impact. Under fixed emission regulation concerning different emission distribution methods, there exist differences in effects on export competitiveness as well as industrial transformation and upgrading. In this paper, based on the bilateral panel data of China and 32 trading partners during 1992 and 2011, model of multiple panel regression is applied to conduct empirical analysis on the influence of CO₂ emission regulation. The results show that the enhancement of CO₂ emission regulation is conducive to the improvement of the export competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industries. Meanwhile, there are different influence degrees of regulation on various industries, among which the clean industry is the most influenced by the regulation. As for various manufacturing industries, there are three distribution policies, namely, emission distribution on the basis of output, average distribution on the basis of unit emission and accumulative distribution on the basis of unit emission. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of the influences of these three policies on export competitiveness, transformation and upgrading of Chinese manufacturing industries would be compared so as to determine which distribution policy is most beneficial. The results illustrate that “average CO₂ emission distribution on the basis of unit emission” makes the greatest contribution to the export transformation and upgrading of Chinese manufacturing industries, and it is in conformity with development need of Chinese trade at current phase. The innovation of the paper lies in its adoption of bilateral trade data to specifically study the influence of CO₂ emission regulation on trade competitiveness. The attention is specially attached to the performance differences of different emission distribution policies in trade competitiveness, which is the further exploration on the basis of previous studies.

Wang, Y.; Shu, Z.; Zheng, Y., and Xiao, S., 2015. Plant root reinforcement effect for coastal slope stability.

As an advanced engineering technology, root reinforcement has been practically applied in the coastal slope protection, but the theoretical study has lagged behind. Based on the geotechnical engineering slope theory and plant ecology, it is still needed to apply new root-soil interaction and mechanical models to provide approaches for the numerical analysis on slope stability. As the plant roots growth is complicated and changes with the coastal rock and soil, it is important to use accurate methods to assess root strengthen ability. According to the slope protection action mechanism of the vegetation and the stress-strain pattern analysis, the model of reinforcement mechanism is established to deduce the general mathematical equation of the root systematic resist-slipping stress to provide a theoretical basis for coastal slope protection design.

Zhao, N.; Shen, Y.; Mi, C.; Wang, J., and Xia, M., 2015. Vehicle-mounted task control system in container yard based on workflow engine.

Owing that the container terminals increasingly occupy a crucial position in today's container transportation, the advanced and cost-effective operational management gradually attracts the attention of terminal operators. The relevant research survey in this paper is carried out on various operational task flows in a container yard. In terms of operational features of vehicle-mounted tasks in storage yard, such as complexity, instantaneity, derivatization and flexibility, a two-layer workflow engine framework is proposed to support dynamic scheduling. ECA rules and the features of a directed graph are combined to formulate a bottom-layer workflow model, which enables the model to implement dynamic assignment. And the upper-layer workflow drive is composed of three parts, the task generation, processing and mutation. It regulates the generation, mutation and elimination of operational tasks in a container yard. On the basis of long-term practical experience and application in multiple yards of Tianjin Port in China, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed workflow engine is verified. The application of the technical framework provides a practical reference for operational control and management in logistics enterprises.

Zhang, J. and Lu, Z., 2015. A New method for optimal locating of boreholes in rock consolidation works.

With respect to the design and construction of grouting and drainage works, the conventional method is to locate the grout hole and drainage hole in the direction perpendicular to the natural rock or excavation surface. The anisotropy of structural planes in leaking water or grout has been neglected in the design of the works. Investigation data about rock fissures are studied to find out the distribution law of structural planes and know how to best locate boreholes with respect to structural planes in order to get an optimum effect of grouting and drainage. A new method is put forward for locating grout holes and bore holes. The practice from the Houhe Reservoir shows the inclined borehole less than 75° has an obvious efficiency, and among the boreholes within the angle range of 65 to 75, the optimum locations have an average efficiency of 2.11.

Zhang, X.; Chen X.; Huang, J.; Zhou, H., and Wang, Q., 2015. Optimum design of bridge cross section with low clearance considering wave load effects based on numerical wave-tank.

Bridges with low clearance crossing sea are generally partially or fully submerged by surge or wave. The safety of bridge girder in the splash zones is closely related to wave impact. Using the 2D numerical wave-tank established by ANSYS FLUENT, authors make comparative analysis of the numerical simulation results of wave forces acting on three kinds of twin-deck girders (circular arc box girder, trapezoid box girder and T-shaped girder) of bridge with low clearance crossing sea. Wave forces on bridge girder under different circumstances were analyzed. The circumstances include different bridge deck elevation, different seabed elevation, and the influence of revetment. Then authors got economically reasonable, safe and reliable optimal bridge girder cross-section form. It proves that the box girder with arc-shaped bottom is considered to be the best form. For coastal twin-deck bridges with low clearance, there is an optimum deck elevation from sea level.

Qiao, Z.; Dong D.; Kuai, X., and Zou, J., 2015. Test of horizontal force in cart balance beam of quayside container crane.

As cracks occurred widely on the webs of cart balance beam of quayside container cranes, a proposal has been offered that we should know about the value of horizontal force of quayside container crane under operating conditions based on the force analysis. In view of this, a site test has been carried out. By testing the variation of stresses of cart balance beam under different working conditions, the scope of horizontal force has been obtained. In the end, the factors which may influence the variation of horizontal force have been discussed.

Tan, H.; Jiao, Z., and Cai, Z., 2015. Long term field test on structure forces of sheet-pile wharf with barrier piles.

Based on the first engineering application of new-type sheet-pile wharf with barrier piles, the field test has been conducted for 7 years. According to the long term field testing results, the structure forces of the wharf front wall and barrier piles have been obtained in different periods. The results have showed that the new wharf structure was effective for a large harbor basin, the maximum positive bending moments for both front wall and barrier piles appeared in dredging period, and the maximum negative bending moment appeared in operation period. The rebar stress of front wall was about twice larger than that of barrier piles. In order to make full use of the potential bearing capacity of front wall and barrier piles, the optimal design was to make them in the same stress level. The modified bending moment calculation method has been proposed based on the field testing data.

Lu, B.; Park, N., and Huo, Y., 2015. Operational efficiency evaluation of the world's leading container seaports.

It is of great importance for port managers to know whether they have fully used their existing infrastructures and that output has been maximized given the amount of input. From this perspective, data envelopment analysis (DEA) provides a more appropriate benchmark for the container port. By applying three kinds of DEA models, this study acquires a variety of analytical results about operational efficiency of the worlds' leading container ports. According to efficiency value analysis, this study firstly finds out the reason of inefficiency. Then, it is followed by identification of the potential areas of improvement for inefficient ports by applying slack variable method. Furthermore, return to scale approach is used to assess whether each port is in a state of increasing, decreasing, or constant return to scale. Finally, by utilization of the sensitivity analysis, this study can identify which input or output variables are more critical to the model, and which one will have more impact on. The results of this study can provide port managers with insights into resource allocation and optimization of the operating performance.

Ma, H.; Zhang, W.; Cui, X.; An, B.; Jin, Y., and Cheng, K., 2015. Substation electromagnetic environment of electric power communication equipment and characteristic parameters.

The steady and transient electromagnetic environment near electrical equipment in substations and converter stations is measured in different voltage levels and different positions. After analyzing and counting a large number of measurement samples, mathematics character parameters of steady electromagnetic disturbance in substations are gained, which provide the theoretical basis for protective measures.

Wang, L.; Li, C., and Yi, J., 2015. An experiment study on behavior of corrosion RC beams with different concrete strength.

The flexural behavior of the corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beam with different concrete strengths under fatigue loading has not been truly well-understood. Twelve RC beams (section size 120×200; total length 1700 mm; clear span 1500 mm) with concrete strengths (C20, C25, C30, and C35) were tested under specified fatigue and monotonic load in this study. The tests were aimed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the corroded reinforced concrete beams with different failure patterns after fatigue and monotonic loading. The parameters evaluated in this experimental study include distortion, stress distribution and ultimate strength of the corroded reinforced concrete beams. The results showed that the load capacity and the rigidity of the corroded beams are increased with the concrete strength. The performance of the RC beams is greatly affected by the corrosion in terms of fatigue capacity, which reduces the ultimate strength and the ductility of the beams significantly.

Lei, X.; Wu, K.; Wang, H., and Yu, L., 2015. Microstructure evolution and alloying features of a developed high strength and high toughness weld metal used for pipeline steels.

The microstructure evolution and continuous cooling transformation curves of the simulated heat-affected zone of a developed high strength and high toughness weld metal was investigated by means of thermal simulation on a Gleeble 3,500. This weld metal was picked up from the welding joint of a high strength and high toughness pipeline steel which was welded with commercial welding materials. Results showed that fine acicular ferrite was the main microstructure during a wide range of cooling rates. Actual welding experiment was also carried out with the heat input of 21 kJ / cm. The yield strength of the weld joint in weld metal is 875 MPa. The average impact toughness are about 104 and 183 J at –30° C in weld metal and the fusion line, respectively. The observed results indicated that the developed weld metal had superior mechanical properties compared to the required properties in API Spec 5L standard of high strength and high toughness pipeline steels X120, which was attributed to low carbon design and suitable alloying.

Jiao, Z.; Tan, H.; Mei, T., and Hu, X., 2015. Numerical analysis on dynamic responses of the sheet-pile wharf with separated relieving platform under horizontal seismic loads.

The dynamic responses of a new kind of sheet-pile wharf under horizontal seismic loads have been simulated by using the finite element method, and the influences of earthquakes' characteristics have been analyzed in detail. Compared with the traditional sheet-pile wharf, the separated relieving platform system has been adopted for the new wharf and the dock basin could be much deeper for larger ships. The results of the numerical calculation show that the separated relieving platform system is still effective under seismic loads, and the maximum internal force of structural elements doesn't change when earthquake acceleration reaches the peak value. With the increase of the earthquake peak ground acceleration value, the maximum internal force of structural elements all increases at different degrees, the amplification of the bending moment is the largest, those of tie rod's tension force and anchor wall's bending moment are a bit smaller than that of the front wall, and those of front pile and back pile's bending moment are the smallest. The amplification coefficients of all internal force under the Kobe wave loads are always bigger than those under the EL-Centro wave with the same PGA value, which indicates that, in addition to the earthquake wave peak value, the responses are also affected by other earthquake characteristics, such as spectrum, wave energy density and wave total energy.

Sun, L.; Jia, T.; Zhuo, R.; Yan, S., and Guo, B., 2015. Numerical solutions for consolidation of under-consolidated dredger fill under vacuum preloading.

This paper presents the numerical solutions for consolidation of the under-consolidated dredger fills. By a field test the delivery rules of negative vacuum pressure in the PVDs are studied, the relationship between permeability and effective stress of the high water content soil is also studied by an experiment, then a plain strain FEM program was coded for the dredger fills consolidation analysis in which the nonlinearity constitutive relation Duncan-Chang's model is applied into the Biot's consolidation theory, and the nonlinear permeability law is also employed in the Biot's consolidation theory. As an under-consolidated soil, the self-weight that is not consolidated before the enforcement and negative vacuum pressure is included as the consolidation load in this paper. At last, two project cases were calculated using this program, the result showed that the program was suitable to analyze the under-consolidated soil consolidation under vacuum preloading or surcharge preloading method.

Li, J.; Zhang, J.; Gong, L., and Miao, P., 2015. Research on the total factor productivity and decomposition of Chinese coastal marine economy: based on DEA-Malmquist index.

Based on DEA-Malmquist index method, this paper analyzes the total factor productivity of 11 Chinese coastal cities' marine economy during the period of “11th five-year plan” and it comparatively analyzes the regional differences of economic efficiency in these areas. The results show the overall level of marine economy development efficiency of China's coastal cities is not high. According to the TFP decomposition, most regions have got reasonable urban resource allocation. Technology progress is the major force for developing marine economy. In regions which have got unreasonable resource allocation, with the decomposition of efficiency changing value, it shows that pure technical efficiency is the main reason of causing the change of low efficiency. What's more, scale efficiency develops either too fast or too slow. When government regulates and controls the development of marine economy, large hysteresis exists in policy guidance.

Peng, J.; Zhou, Z., and Li, R., 2015. A collaborative berth allocation problem with multiple ports based on Genetic Algorithm.

As a part of scheduling, Berth Allocation Problem can be considered as a problem of minimizing the total service time of vessels which berth at the port. The purpose is to optimize the efficiency of the port and the passing rate of vessels. The balanced deployment issues of yards can be transformed into considered as an equilibrium assignment of yard storage. The purpose is to give the loading vessels more choices to choose their best lanes and enhance the efficiency of the yard, as well as reduce the transportation costs. This paper combines berth allocation and yard assignment problems to build a collaborative berth allocation model with multiple ports under the background of bulk ports. The objective of this model consists of two parts: The minimization of total service time of vessels and the equilibrium assignment of yard storage. This paper uses two approaches to solve the above-mentioned mixed integer nonlinear programming problems: IBM ILOG CPLEX and Genetic Algorithm. According to the actual data of Majishan Port and Ore Transfer Terminal of Lake Shulang, many numerical experiments are conducted. This paper analyzes and compares these two approaches and proves the validity and accuracy of Genetic Algorithm and CPLEX. The model and the analysis procedure of numerical experiments are of certain reference value and practical significance on the management of berth allocation and yard assignment with multiple ports.

Tian, X. and Zhao, R., 2015. Energy network flow model and optimization based on energy hub for big harbor industrial park.

To model and optimize the energy network flow for the energy conservation and emissions reduction in big harbor industrial park by analyzing the characteristics of harbor energy system, this paper presents a universal framework for the modeling of energy systems comprising multiple-energy carriers, such as electricity, heat, gas, etc. The modeling framework is based on the energy hub concept model and the idea of “energy flow network”. Then the system optimization to minimize energy consumption with multi-agent distributed control is put forward in this paper, which is executed with parallel processing method. After that, this paper takes Lingang industrial park in Shanghai as an engineering example to verify the whole energy model and optimization method proposed. In conclusion, the proposed approach can realize rational utilization of multiple-energy carriers for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions, which can enhance the regulation level of energy center and make the energy system of the harbor run efficiently and orderly, that is to say, this paper can provide a technical support for the construction of resource saving and environment friendly harbor.

Zhang, M.; Cheng, W., and Guo, P., 2015. Intelligent recognition of mixture control chart pattern based on quadratic feature extraction and SVM with AMPSO.

Take control charts as the principal statistical process control tools. The recognition accuracy of abnormal control chart patterns (CCPs) directly influences the quality control of production process. (Most of the existing studies focus on the basic recognition of abnormal CCPs, but the observed process data could be of mixture patterns in real world, which consists of two or three basic patterns. This paper introduces a hybrid intelligent model for recognizing the mixture control chart pattern that includes three main aspects: feature extraction, classifier and parameter optimization. In feature extraction, statistical and sharp features of observation data are used as data input and principal component analysis as the second feature extraction to get the effective data of the classifier. A multi-class support vector machine (SVM) is applied for recognizing the mixture patterns. Finally, adaptive mutation particle swam optimization is used to optimize the SVM classifier by searching the best values of the parameters of SVM kernel function. The simulation results show the proposed algorithm with little features has better recognition accuracy compared with other methods.

Jian, X. and Zhu, S., 2015. Predictive deconvolution for attenuation of multiple reflections in marine seismic data processing.

For reverberation, interlay multiples, and other short-period multiples commonly seen in seas, predictive deconvolution of multiple attenuation is not very effective. In this paper, adaptive predictive deconvolution is proposed through which the prediction step and factor length can be automatically set by the distribution cycle and scope of different multiples. Model comparisons showed that the new method has obvious advantages in processing interlayer multiples with high energy and ambiguous wave-group characteristics and is verified by real data. Some key resulting maps are analyzed and compared. This method has good potential.

Luo, X.; Gao, J.; Jin, X.; Li, J., and Chu, F., 2015. A primary research on marine magnetic disturbance correction method using uncombined precise point positioning.

Marine magnetic survey is an important mean of geophysical exploration. The magnetic disturbance magnitude, the start and end time, and perfecting magnetic disturbance model are important for magnetic survey. In this paper, on the basis of that dual-frequency GNSS is able to get the ionospheric total electron content, reflect the nature of the magnetic disturbance characteristics, etc. the study of magnetic disturbance correction in marine magnetism measurements using dual-frequency GNSS is carried out. Through quality controlled by the dual-frequency GNSS phase observations, ionospheric total electron content solved by static and dynamic at slant direction. Comparing the solving with geomagnetic observatories and marine magnetic measurements, the solution showed that there is relatively strong correlation between ionospheric total electron content and marine magnetic surveys. This fact helps to perfect magnetic interference correction model and improve the accuracy of magnetic measurement. Also it is a good foundation for the application of GNSS to carry out new areas.

Luo, X.; Gao, J.; Jin, X.; Li, J., and Chu, F., 2015. The latest application to determine tide height in a large-scale sea using shipborne GPS based on precise point positioning and EGM2008.

GPS data dedicated to tidal level are usually processed using differential techniques. Unfortunately, the precision of resulting kinematic positions is baseline-length dependent. So, high precision tidal level measurements using differential GPS techniques are limited to coasts, lakes, and rivers. Recent improvements in GPS satellite products (orbits, clocks, and phase biases) make Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique reach cm-level in three dimensions. At same time, EGM2008 determine the sea level also reached centimeter level. So Precise Point Positioning technique with EGM2008 opens up tidal level measurements without Tidal Gauges. This paper recalls the concept of PPP technique and discusses the precision of GPS shipborne positioning. Tidal data of large-scale sea are calculated from PPP and EGM2008. Some results are gotten. (1) Compliance of tidal height, which obtained from measurements and model, increases in sequence as distance apart from seashore increases. (2) The Cycle, amplitude of the tide calculated by PPP and EGM2008 is more obvious, the performance characteristics more clearly, solving characteristics and theoretical tidal level characteristics match well. (3) Marine gravity measurements result shows that FAA (Free-air anomaly) and BG (Bouguer anomaly) calculated from PPP are similar with those from conventional method, but depth from former is better than that from latter.

From above results, PPP technique is a feasible method to determine tidal height.

Gao, C.; Gao, W.; Pan, S.; Chen, W.; Shi, X., and Wang, D., 2015. High-precision oceanic real-time positioning application based on regional continuous operation reference stations.

With the rapid development of land-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning technology, the high-precision oceanic GNSS positioning demands are more extensive. A real-time precise point positioning (PPP) method based on regional Continuous Operation Reference Stations (CORS) for ocean application is proposed in the paper. Starting fromthe requirement of real-time satellite orbit and clock products for the real-time PPP, the accuracy of IGU (International GNSS service Ultra-rapid) orbit product and its correlation with prediction time were analyzed. Also, a new easy and effective real-time estimation method of satellite clock based on regional CORS network was proposed, and the estimated clock was compared with the IGS final clock products. Then based on predicted IGU orbit and estimated real-time clock products, real-time PPP experiments in long-distance away areas were carried out to simulate ocean application. Experimental results show that the average RMS of estimated clock is less than 0.1ns compared with the IGS final clock. In the real-time PPP experiments, the average convergence time of the two selected long-distance areas are 16.5 minutes and 15.6 minutes respectively. The positioning errors in the three directions (North/East/Up) are within 6 cm after 1-hour filtering. The contents researched in the paper verify the feasibility of real-time PPP based on regional CORS for oceanic application and provide a new possible strategy for oceanic positioning application.

Xu, X.; Zhao, H.; Zhen, Z.; Wang, C., and Shi, W., 2015. Numerical research on dynamic water-head of gulf tidal energy: a new exploration on development way of tidal energy.

A new way of the Gulf tidal energy development has been proposed to use the dynamic water-head inside and outside the Gulf for tidal power generation. Tide inconsistency will happen when it reaches the bottom of the Gulf and outside the Gulf, leading to delay of the tide on the Gulf bottom. A dynamic water-level difference is thus forming between inside and outside the Gulf, which can be used as tidal power water-head. An ideal tidal energy gulf is built up for the hydrodynamic numerical simulation. Results show that the new tidal energy development method is feasible. It greatly improves the efficiency of tidal energy compared with traditional tidal power generation way. The new idea is first proposed in the world on tidal energy, which would bring substantial changes to the traditional way on tidal energy power generation.

Yuan, H.; Tan, M., and Wang, W., 2015. Selection of methods for predicting tidal levels with a typhoon surge effect.

Accurate prediction of tidal level with strong meteorological effects is very important for human activities in oceanic and coastal areas. Under severe weather, such as typhoons, the contribution of non-astronomical components to tidal level may be as significant as that of astronomical components. The traditional harmonic analysis method and other models based on the analysis of astronomical components do not work well in these situations. The objective of this paper is to select an effective method for predicting the tidal level under the influence of typhoons at Luchaogang, China. The linear regression, back-propagation (BP) and radial basis function neural network methods are compared. Based on the typhoon data and tidal-level data gathered from Pudong Hydrological Bureau, seven parameters of typhoon are extracted and employed as input parameters while the corresponding tidal-level data are adopted as output parameters. The results have shown that the BP method performs best in the prediction of tidal level with a typhoon effect, and that the BP neural network method can provide a solid basis for tidal-level prediction and typhoon disaster reduction.

Wu, Y.; Cao, H., and Feng, G., 2015. Prospective study on applications of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to climate modeling.

While focusing on the ability of climate models, this paper demonstrates the role and status of atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics in building and developing climate models. Possible reasons for the insufficiency in climate models are analyzed, and the significance of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in further development of climate models, especially of regional climate models, is put forward. Besides, in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics indicates that, in an isolated system, irreversible process develops along the direction of increasing entropy whatever status the system is at the beginning, while the minimum entropy production principle states that non-equilibrium open system grows toward the status with minimum entropy production, which can be used as the development criterion for the non-equilibrium open system. As the typical open non-equilibrium system, atmospheric system undoubtedly follows some of the theorems of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Therefore, the non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory has broad applicational prospects in climate modeling and prediction.

Yu, M.; Yu, W., and Cheng, J., 2015. The influencing factors of typhoon disaster to populated islands and its defensive countermeasures research.

Island is the meeting place of land and sea. The unique geographical environment makes it highly vulnerable to various natural disasters, especially to typhoons. Natural disaster is a complex phenomenon involving Earth's surface dynamics affected by the combined forces of many elements in nature. Based on the theory of natural disaster risk analysis, this paper will analyze how typhoon disaster affects the populated island from three aspects of disaster-causing factors including vulnerability of hazard-bearing body, disaster prevention and mitigation capacity, as well as the defense strategy and specific measures taken by governments and individuals in response to typhoon disaster. The research results have important theoretical implications for the study of islands' typhoons risk assessment.

Wang, W.; Chai, S.; Wang, H.; Fan, W.; Yu, K.; Liang, S., and Ma, J., 2015. The influence of sulfur dioxide on dobson spectrophotometer total ozone measurement: Analysis on the basis of theoretical factor.

Using the WOUDC observational data and absorption cross sections of O₃ and SO₂, SO₂, the paper has calculated absorption coefficients and the theoretical factor C to analyze the influence of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) on Dobson spectrophotometer total ozone measurement. The calculation results show that: SO₂ absorption coefficient Δγ_AD is 1.843, and influence factor C related to Δγ_AD has obvious seasonal variation that reaches a maximum in winter and a minimum in summer; moreover, the presence of SO₂ leads to higher amount of Dobson ozone than the actual values. After the correction by using the factor C, the relative difference between Dobson and Brewer data sets shows a decrease by 1∼3%. On the other hand, the effect of SO₂ on Dobson total ozone is reduced due to the decrease of total SO₂, but it should still be taken into account during a high-pollution period.

Huang, J.; Xu, J.; Gao, S.; Lian, X., and Li, J., 2015. Analysis of influence on the Bohai Sea tidal system induced by coastline modification.

Four identical hydrodynamic simulation experiments for the Bohai Sea have been implemented respectively with MIKE31 model based on four different coastlines of 2000, 2008, 2010, and 2012, when the intensive usage of the Bohai Sea was carried on. The comparison of these four experiments is used to present the influence on the Bohai Sea tidal system caused by coastline modification. The analysis shows that the semi-diurnal amphidromic point near the Yellow River estuary moves towards south-east gradually as the coastline changes, which makes the semi-diurnal amplitude in Bohai Bay increase and the phase rotate anticlockwise. Meanwhile, the semi-diurnal amplitude in Laizhou Bay becomes smaller and the phase rotates clockwise. Besides, the semi-diurnal amphidromic point near Qinhuang Island moves gradually to southwest. The location of diurnal amphidromic point in Bohai Strait has no obvious changes, but the amplitudes of diurnal tide increase in all three bays.

Xie, M.; Yao, S.; Li, W.; Zhao, H., and Gao, Z., 2015. Investigation of the movement characteristics of West Guangdong longshore ocean current system, China.

The West Guangdong Ocean Current (WG current) is a special ocean current flowing along the West Guangdong coastline, China. It has significant impact on the nearshore area, and it will make the nearshore current movement complex after superposing on the tidal currents. A comprehensive investigation of the WG current is mandatory especially to the construction of nearshore harbors. However, at present, the nature of WG current is still not well clarified. Based on a series of filed survey datasets carried out in different representative seasons, the movement characteristics of the WG current are analyzed by using a residual flow extracting method. The results indicate that the WG current direction points to southwest in the entire year, which does not accord with the dominant monsoon direction especially in summer, and the current speed shows significant seasonal variation. The current speed increases at the first 10 km away from shoreline, and then becomes approximately uniform. Besides, the current speed is larger in summer than that in winter.

Chu, Z.; Li, Y., and Li, B., 2015. Human impacts could affect natural periodicity of river runoff entering the sea.

The periodicity analysis and correlation analysis about river runoff and basinwide precipitation in a river are widely used. While there exists a problem in previous periodicity analysis and correlation analysis, which here refers to lacking consideration of human impacts on river runoff. This problem may obscure the results of periodicity analysis and correlation analysis. For the case of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, we carried out periodicity analysis and correlation analysis about river runoff and basinwide precipitation. The primary analyses without consideration of human impacts show that there are clear periods and high correlation between annual runoff and annual precipitation of the Yangtze River in humid zone, while the periods and correlation are not clear in the Yellow River in arid and semiarid zones. The discussion indicates that water consumption within the Yellow River basin is often in the same order of magnitude as that of actual water discharge, which could affect the periodicity analysis and correlation analysis. Therefore, one argument is presented that human impacts (i.e. water diversions) on the river runoff should be considered in the process of periodicity analysis and correlation analysis of a river between arid and semi-arid climatic zones, where water consumption is often in the same order of magnitude as that of actual water discharge.

Shen, X.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, J., and Yan, H., 2015. Development on measuring device of seepage coefficient for super-size coarse-grained soil.

Lots of super-size coarse-grained soil was distributed along the central line of the Water Diversion Project from South to North in China, the diameter of soil grain exceeded the measuring range of existing devices for seepage coefficient of coarse-grained soil. Special measuring device is developed, canister diameter of measurement is increased; accelerated exhaust method is carried out; grading increasing method of seepage gradient is used, and corresponding method of test is carried out. The test shows that the adaptable range of character diameter value (d₈₅) of soil grain is from 60 mm to 100 mm, and accelerated exhaust method overcomes some problems which are bigger in diameter of specimen, lower in penetrability of materials, more difficult in saturation of specimen and so on, and grading increasing method of seepage gradient decreases destruction of specimen. The technique can be used in penetrability test and detection of project quality for super-size coarse-grained soil.

Zhang, Y.; Liu, J.; Wan, L., and Qi, S., 2015. Land cover/use classification based on feature selection.

Based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) and decision trees (DTs) classification methods, in this paper, we take Harbin, Daqing, Suihua, and Qiqihar in Heilongjiang Province as study area for land cover/use classification. Feature bands representing land surface characteristics are extracted from MODIS data, such as Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), four texture characteristics, and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI). Compared with the classification results, we think that SVM and DTs methods each have advantages, and also can achieve high classification accuracy. The overall classification accuracies are 87.68% and 89.13%, Kappa coefficient of 0.86, 0.87, respectively. The result shows is DTs method with slightly higher classification accuracy is more suitable for the land cover/use classification of the study area than SVM.

Xu, W.; Yang, Y.; Cheng, C., Pei, X., and Luo, J., 2015. Treat phoenix river water by constructed rapid infiltration system.

CRI system is a new technology of sewage disposal which involves less investment, low operating cost, favorable treatment effects and so on. In 2007, a CRI system was built to improve the water quality of Phoenix River. The practical operation shows that: the layout of the CRI system is appropriate and in accord with the practical situation of pollutant sources. Operation results show that CRI system is good at removing the NH3, COD, SS and so on, effluent water is stable in CRI system, and the CRI system has stronger ability to resist impact load. The effluent NH3, COD and SS concentrations can meet the A-level of primary standard of plant emission standards (GB 18918-2002) in Municipal wastewater treatment. But the removal efficiency is bad for TP and TN and the ultimate effluent is not qualified for the A-level of primary standard of plant emission standards (GB 18918-2002) in Municipal wastewater treatment. When improving the CRI system, it must consider changing the structure of the pool filter layer, filter material composition and operation mode to improve the removal efficiency of TN and TP in CRI system.

Liu, R.; Guo, S., and Yan, S., 2015. Study on the lateral soil resistance acting on the buried pipeline.

Pipe-soil interaction is a crucial problem in the global buckling design of submarine pipeline under thermal stresses. Soil resistance acting on the pipelines determines the deformation shape and amplitude as the global buckling occurs. The fine sand and soft clay are distributed widely in the upper soil layer of Bohai Gulf. Therefore, these two kinds of soil were chosen as medium in the pipe-soil interaction laboratory tests. Three different diameter pipe segments were adopted to simulate the pipeline. The pipe segments lateral displacement and the corresponding suffered soil resistance were measured during the tests. The tests were carried out separately for the pipe segments with different diameters and different depth to diameter ratios. The test data showed that the lateral soil resistance acting on the pipe depends on the soil properties and pipe diameter and depth-to-diameter ratio. A numerical method was established to simulate the test data. Based on the results fitting well to the test data, the developed method was applied to analyzing the soil resistance acting on actual size pipelines. The relationship between the peak resistance and the corresponding displacement was obtained with considering the pipe diameter and depth to diameter ratio. Comparing the test data with the calculation results, several experimental formulae were proposed, which can determine the maximum lateral resistance and the corresponding displacement of pipeline both in sand and in soft clay. The proposed formulae are good to study lateral global buckling of submarine pipelines under thermal stresses.

Zhao, J.; Gu, L.; Liu, J., and Zhou, M., 2015. The resistivity response of mud invasion in fractured reservoir and its correction method.

Resistivity logging data is crucial in reservoir evaluation. However, during the well drilling, it's difficult to obtain the true resistivity of the formation, which is due to the impact of mud invasion in permeable formations and its complex invasion mechanism and influencing factors. This affects the accuracy of reservoir divided, the identification of oil/gas/water zone and calculation of saturation. To solve this problem, the author conducted a experiment which is called “Core Resistivity at Different Fracture Width Experiment”, then, combining the imaging and conventional logging data to study the resistivity response mechanism of mud invasion; ultimately, fitting the correction model for reservoir resistivity which is affected by the development of fracture. By comparing the results of the logging data interpretation, we found that the reservoir resistivity have been effectively corrected, furthermore, the oil saturation increased by 5.6% to 12%, the average increase reached 7.5%.

Li, S.; Tian, H.; Xue, Y.; Su, M.; Qiu, D.; Li, L., and Li, Z., 2015. Study on major construction disasters and controlling technology at the Qingdao Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel.

The Qingdao Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel was difficult because of complex geological conditions, including the 18 faults crossing the tunnel, large construction section, and high risks for collapse and water inrush. These conditions were considered as a background of this study. Geological disasters, such as collapse and water inrush, were introduced as the two main geological disasters during construction. Moreover, the advanced support pretreatment measures that aimed to address faults during construction and effectively prevented collapse disasters were introduced. For the water inrush disaster, geological forecasting was used to predict underground water location, and advanced grouting was adopted. The presented disaster control technologies were proven effective in the construction of the Qingdao Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel. This study provides a certain reference value for disaster control technologies for subsea tunnel construction.

Wang, H.; Xu, H.; Liu, P.; Duan, J.; Chen, H., and Wang, B., 2015. Experimental study on the dissipation characteristics of curtain-type flexible floating breakwater.

This paper presents the wave dissipation efficacy of the new curtain-type flexible floating breakwater (CFFB) with the implementation of 3D tank tests. It evaluates the influence of the presence of the upper plate, the incident wave height, wave period and other factors on the wave dissipation property of CFFB. The main structure of CFFB is united body which consists of wave dissipation blocks and flexible cables. It has been found that this new CFFB has superior characteristics of hydrodynamic and wave attenuation.

Wang, K.; Zhou, Z.; Liao, J., and Fu, Y., 2015. The application of high resolution SAR in mountain area of Karst tobacco leaf area index estimation model.

Karst mountain is cloudy and rainy weather, surface broken, and land distribution is not concentrated, crop inter-planting, which cause the conventional remote sensing monitoring methods cannot meet the need of tobacco real-time monitoring. In order to realize the real-time monitoring of modern tobacco agriculture, study on the selection of high resolution synthetic aperture radar was applied in the mountainous area of Karst tobacco monitoring model. Guizhou qingzhen national modern tobacco agriculture base as the research area, in growth and maturity of tobacco, analysis different polarization of HH/VV and the bands HH/VV radar brightness value and the tobacco leaf area index correlation, construct the linear regression model and the two order polynomial model to inversion tobacco leaf area index. The results show that different polarization combinations of two kinds of model SAR brightness and LAI have better fitting degree, a linear HH/VV model inversion accuracy ratio, which achieve 91%. The results of the study can be timely access to tobacco growth status information, to provide data support and policy decision for tobacco monitoring and yield estimation.

Yang, Z.; Lv, Y., and Li, H., 2015. Changes of soil organic carbon in soil aggregates under different stages of desertification in the Ordos sand land of Inner Mongolia.

The Ordos sand land is a typical sandy desertification area in northern China. Changes of soil organic matter and the combined humus in soil aggregate could be the index of soil desertification. The objectives of this study were: (i) to analyze the changes in soil organic carbon during the desertification process; (ii) to assess the distribution of soil combined humus and its changes in different aggregates. In this study, we selected the typical communities that represented a series of plant succession stages in the desertification process. Soil samples were collected from the plots under three successional plant communities and analyzed for total organic matter (SOM) under different degenerated gradients. We classified the aggregates into different groups and determined the combined humus in different size aggregates using the mechanical analysis method. The results showed that SOM decreased remarkably in surface soil (0–5 cm) from the steppe grass Stipa Bungeana to desert grass Cynanchum komorovii, during the desertification process. The fractions of soil combined humus were 36.63%, 28.84%, and 39.53% for loose combined humus, stable combined humus and tight combined humus with respectively average content. All fractions of soil combined humus carbon content decreased as the aggregate size decreased. In the desertification process at the Ordos sand land, the stable combined humus and tight combined humus decreased strongly in > 50 μm aggregate. The decreasing of humus carbon is mainly due to the losing of stable combined humus, especially in large size aggregates. With the development of the desertification, the soil organic carbon decreased with remarkable difference among different stages and the combined humus decreased with remarkable difference in different size aggregates among different stages.

Zhang, L.; Xu, J., and Peng, Y., 2015. Neotectonic movement and seismic activity in the East China Sea.

The East China Sea region in this paper mainly includes the continental shelf of East China Sea and Okinawa trough. The geological structure in the region basically belongs to the extension part of China's east mainland to the sea area. In Cenozoic, this area developed the East China Sea shelf basin, Diaoyu uplift fold zone, and Okinawa trough basin. Since East China Sea is located in the bonded zone of continental plate and the Philippines Sea plate, the neotectonics and the geological structure generated since the Middle Miocene are unique and complex. Basing on fully interpreting the related data and research achievements of previous researchers, this study profoundly analyzed and studied the characteristics of the neotectonics in East China Sea region from a perspective of tectonic landform, geological structure, and seismic activity etc. On this basis, it further discussed the dynamic conditions and seismic activity characteristics of neotectonics in East China Sea area.

Li, L.; Wu, L.; Wang, X., and Cui, Z., 2015. Seismic response of underground structures in saturated soil based on the fluid-solid coupling dynamic formulation.

In this paper, the seismic response of the underground structures in the saturated soil is studied by ABAQUS, with the saturated soil being simulated by the pore pressure element based on the fluid-solid coupling dynamic formulation of fluid-saturated porous media. It is illustrated that by the end of the earthquake input, the value of Mises stress is maximal on the two bottom corners of the structure. The value of pore pressure and vertical displacement is large in the bottom area near the structure, and the value of pore pressure and vertical displacement is equal on two sides of the structure. The vertical displacement of the soil decreases with the increase of depth. The maximal seismic response occurs when the acceleration of the earthquake input is maximal.

Zhang, Y.; Liu, J., and Zhang, Y., 2015. Hydrochemical evolution of shallow and deep groundwater in Tongchuan city, China.

In order to reveal the formation mechanism of hydrochemical characteristics in Tongchuan City, we collected and detected 39 samples of underground water. Correlation analytical method, hydrochemical method and ion ratio coefficient method were employed to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics, influencing factors and principles of changing. Results demonstrate that the main factors, controlling the shallow water salinization, are the SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, Cl⁻ and K . The contents of SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ are in great differences and other indexes are in relatively stable. The values of γNa/γCl demonstrate that the Na is released from the aquifer of soil in the process of runoff. There is an exchange between the Ca² in water and Na in soil, which leads to γNa>γCl. As the exchange time in deep water is longer than that of shallow water, the exchange and adsorption of ions are more sufficient. The value of γNa/(γNa γCl) demonstrates that with the increasing of ground water depth, the level of cation exchange enhances, which leads to the dominant cation turns to Ca² from to Na . The value of γHCO₃ γSO₄/γCa γMg demonstrates the shallow water is mainly from atmospheric rainfall and the influence of cation exchange is more obvious on deep water. The types of shallow water in Tongchuan City are mainly HCO₃·SO₄-Ca. Its classification is relatively complex. Whereas, the deep water is mainly HCO₃-Na and the category of underground water is simple. As for shallow water, the contents of alkaline earth metal is larger that of alkali metal. For the deep water, the content of weak acid group is larger than that of strong acid group. In the region of upper reaches, the feature of both shallow water and deep water are mainly weak acid and alkaline earth metal. The chemical composition mainly consists of carbonate leaching. With the flowing of underground water, the shallow water turns to be strong acid and alkaline earth metal and the deep water turn to be weak acid and alkali metal.

Zhou, F.; Wu, K.; Zhou, W., and Matrosov, M., 2015. Fine-grained X80 pipeline steels produced by a novel ultra fast cooling process.

The relationship between microstructure and the mechanical properties of the X80 pipeline steels produced by an ultra fast cooling process was investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and an energy dispersive spectrometer. Predominantly fine-grained acicular ferrite microstructure was obtained from the ultra fast cooling process. The developed X80 pipeline steel had low yield ratio and low temperature impact toughness. The ultra-fast cooling resulted in work hardened austenite before the phase transformation and also pushed the transformation to a lower temperature. Also, the Nb-Ti carbonitride precipitation was inhibited during ultra fast cooling. Therefore, the fine-grained microstructure and superior mechanical properties were attributed to grain refinement and the inhibiting of Nb-Ti carbontride precipitation, which was caused by ultra fast cooling.

Yang, X.; Yang, W.; Liu, H.; Qin, Z., and Wu, X., 2015. Combining quantitation of remote sensing information of local structures-bearing oil/gas underground and calculation of structural deformation and stress field.

Marine oil and gas resources are very rich in China, especially in coastal zone and shallow sea continental shelf, but the exploration technology is relatively underdeveloped. The tectonic stress field is crucial to the study of tectonics, engineering, marine geology, seismology and the exploration of marine resources. In the exploration of marine resources, it is often necessary to study the mechanics and deformations of the rock in the oceanic crust. An iso-elevation line map of the fold's structural layer is a basic way to indicate the features and shapes of the fold, which is more important – especially in the field of exploratory marine petroleum engineering. To draw this map, though, requires a great deal of data, for structural profiles and drilling. It is very difficult to obtain these data, especially in mountainous regions or areas where mineral exploration has recently begun. This greatly limits the progress of marine exploratory engineering. In this paper, the author proposes a new theory and method for calculating the structural stress field using the composite quantitative data of remote sensing information on circular structures and related linear structures, in order to approximate the iso-elevation line map of local structures on the basis of the phase-separation analysis of remote sensing information field and the theory of elastic mechanics. The theory and method have been practically applied in many tested areas, and its effects are remarkable.

Li, W.; Shi, W.; Jiang, X.; Hu, J.; Ye, X., and Tian, H., 2015. Research on the liquid film force of water lubricated bearing in desalination multistage pumps and its coupled dynamic with rotor.

The stability of rotors in high pressure multi-stage pumps used in the seawater desalination device is directly affected by the dynamical characteristics of water sliding bearings. Unsteady Reynolds equations for liquid films in sliding bearings, which were solved by adopting the narrow bearing theory and Gümbel boundary conditions and the dynamical characteristic coefficients of sliding bearings, were calculated. Dynamical characteristics of water lubricated bearings with different bearing radius clearances and different eccentricities were studied using computational fluid dynamics and the optimized clearance was determined combining with rigidity and bearing capacity. Using ANSYS, the critical rotary speed under different modeling modes of bearing units was calculated, and the unbalance response and the integrated rigidity of the liquid film for water lubricated bearing were systematically analyzed, among which the latter was dimensionless. The results showed that the pressure and the rigidity initially became larger and then reduced with the increase of the thickness of the water film, while the bearing capacity became larger with the increase of eccentricities. The cross-coupling effects between rigidity and damping had evident influences on the calculating results of the critical rotary speed. The first order critical rotary speed satisfied the engineering design for rotor stability. The bearing B1 had more sensitive response to unbalance than the bearing B2 and for both water lubricated bearings B1 and B2, and there were keq>0, γst<0, judging from which the rotor system was stable and rigid. The results provided some references for improving the stable design of the system and the safe and reliable operation of rotor system with multistage pump.

Sun, S.; Qi, C., and Zhao, X., 2015. Investigation of turbulence models for hydrodynamics calculation and flow field analysis of hybrid monohull.

The installing of semi-submerged body under the bow can improve the longitudinal motion performance of the ship effectively, and the viscous damping generated by the semi-submerged body has great effect of reducing rocking. Considering the viscous damping, the hydrodynamic coefficients of the hull were calculated by means of RANS method in this paper. The hydrodynamic coefficients were calculated by 3-D method respectively and the influence of different turbulence models on the calculation results for hydrodynamic was discussed. The result was analyzed and compared with the one calculated by means of source/dipole mixed-distribution method. Besides, the calculation efficiency for the different meshing methods and turbulence models of the three dimensional RANS method was discussed. It was confirmed in this paper that the RANS method is applicable to obtain the hydrodynamic coefficients of the hull adding the semi-submerged body by calculations.

Wang, C.; Ye, L.; Chang, X., and Huang, S., 2015. The study on optimization design of propeller pitch.

With the increasing requirements of the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller, the optimization design of propeller has been gradually taken by people. With the DTRC series propellers as master model, this paper uses the theoretical prediction program based on surface panel method and combines with particle swarm optimization algorithm to study the optimization of propeller pitch (the other parameter is the same as the original propeller). In the optimization process, there are two different kinds of pitch expression (linear superposition method and Bezier function method) to fit radial distribution of pitch. With open water efficiency as the goal, the propeller is optimized and then discusses the influence of skew on open water efficiency. The result shows that Bezier method fits pitch curve more smoothly compared with hick-henne method, and that under the condition of meeting the thrust coefficient, the optimized propeller of Bezier method has higher open water efficiency.

Zhang, B.; Wang, Z.; Wang, T., and Sun, L., 2015. Design of hydraulic telescopic grouted clamp device and analysis of its closing collision.

The strengthening structure for the underwater jacket of offshore platform has been studied, which is used to reinforce the jacket's fragile points and damaged parts. A technical support for the strengthening area of the civil offshore platform is also provided. Besides, the overall plan is put forward on the structure of the hydraulic telescopic grouted clamp, including the general mechanical structure and the hydraulic control system. The general mechanical structure of the clamp is designed to achieve the automatically closing and locking process of the clamp and especially to resolve the self-locking problem. Moreover, the maximum impact force of the clamp can be reduced by the speed optimization design of the hydraulic cylinders and effectively improve the clamp structural strength.

Sun, L.; Huo, Z., and Yan, S., 2015. Design of hydraulic telescopic grouted clamp device and analysis of its closing collision.

Bucket foundations represent a new type of foundation for offshore wind turbines. They are large cylindrical structures that open at the base and close at the top. Compared with traditional offshore pile foundations, bucket foundations exhibit the advantages of shorter installation periods, lower material costs, and more rational bearing patterns. The complex interaction between a bucket foundation and soil defines the loading mechanism of this foundation type, and its failure mode has yet to be clearly defined. A simplified limit equilibrium method or other oil-platform design codes (e.g., API) is typically adopted to design bucket foundations. However, the simplified limit equilibrium method does not reflect the working characteristics of the soil in the foundation, thus resulting in a relatively considerable deviation. A numerical analysis is performed to simulate the working mechanism and evaluate the bearing capacity behavior of bucket foundations. Calculation results show that the bearing characteristics of bucket foundations are different from those of the simplified limit equilibrium method, and that failure occurs and develops in the soil within the bucket wall. This difference causes the simplified limit equilibrium method to overestimate the bearing capacity of bucket foundations.

He, H.; Xiong, J.; Liu, M.; Chu, X.; Liu, C.; Shi, L., and Wang, L., 2015. Technology of information collection and analysis about steering operation behavior of inland waterway sailing ship.

Steering operation behavior is an important factor which affects the safety of ship navigation. This article used suitable method of information acquisition and information transmission and analyzed key technologies of steering behavior data collection, transmission and display, and then developed a monitoring system software for inland waterway ship sailing condition. This software is capable of tracking the ship in real time, displaying the static and dynamic information, operation information and environment information, as well as querying the historical trend functions. After the application, it shows that the software can display real-time steering operation behavior and realize remote management.

Gao, Z.; Yang, H., and Xie, M., 2015. Computation of flow around Wigley hull in shallow water with muddy seabed.

The maintenance cost of approach channel can be significantly reduced by utilizing the nautical bottom concept, in which the fluid mud layer is treated as a part of water depth. The positioning of nautical bottom mainly focuses on the mud's physical characteristics. Little attention is paid to the effect of fluid mud on the hydrodynamic performance of the ship. In this study, a commercial Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes solver, FLUENT, is used to simulate flow field around a Wigley hull in shallow water with muddy seabed. The air-water and water-mud interfaces are captured by the volume of fluid method. The renormalization group k-ε model with enhanced wall treatment is employed for turbulence modeling. The constitutive relation of fluid mud is simulated by using the modified Herschel-Bulkley model. Based on the numerical simulation, the effects of forward speed and mud thickness on ship resistance and undulations of air-water and water-mud interfaces are investigated.

Ma, Y.; Li, T.; Zhang X., and Zhang L., 2015. Research on coupling prediction of mooring line tension and motion response of vertical axis floating tidal current energy converter.

In order to predict mooring line tension and motion response of vertical axis floating tidal energy converter, ANSYS ICEM and ANSYS CFX softwares are used to simulate stress of vertical axis water turbine and formulas are fitted to determine added mass and damping of rotation water turbine in wave environment. Based on ANSYS AQWA software, numerical time-domain coupled prediction method for the prediction of mooring line tension and wave effect of vertical axis floating tidal energy converter in terms of rotation of water turbine and motion response are constructed. Mooring line tension and motion response are predicted and the result is compared with the experiment result. According to the result, the predicted value of mooring line tension and motion response of vertical-axis tidal energy converter obtained by the numerical time-domain coupling prediction method in the paper corresponds with the experiment result. Feasibility and validity of the numerical time-domain coupling prediction method in the paper are confirmed. The research offers theory foundation and technical support for design and construction of vertical axis floating tidal energy converter.

Xie,Y.; Liu, X.; Tang, J., and Wu, R., 2015. Research on berthing capability and working property of pontoon bases.

This paper proposes an integrated computing theory of the berthing capacity of port bases for the first time. By analyzing working conditions the base required, main influencing factors, berthing capability and working properties of the anchor-chain system, a method to calculate the berthing capability of the basis proposed. The work-energy theory is used to compute the impact force when berthing. This theory overcomes the defect of the method based on experience. The upper limit condition is determined. The research results fit the in-situ mooring test well, and have a greater significance for the analogous projects in the future.

Wu, K. and Fan, Q., 2015. Study on bearing capacity of bucket foundation subjected to horizontal loading.

The bucket foundation is one parts of offshore platform and is wearing the wave or wind loading which causes the bucket foundation instability to offshore platform falling. So, the numerical simulation, limit analysis and model test are investigated and compared in order to reveal the bearing capacity of bucket foundation under horizontal loading. Based on the three analysis methods compared, it can be observed that: (1) the results of the three methods are in good agreement. (2) The bucket foundation subjected to horizontal loading is rotation and the center of rotation is located in the two-thirds of embedded depth. Under horizontal load, the coherent spoon plastic zone is formed in the bottom of bucket foundation. And, the wedge plastic zone is formed on both sides of the bucket foundation. While, in the same direction with horizontal load of the barrel side is passive area and larger earth pressure is being because of barreling into foundation soil. On the other side of the foundation is active area, which the foundation is separation with soil.

Li, X.; Luo, M., and Yan, Q., 2015. Influence of specimen shape and mix proportion on tensile property of green high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (GHPFRCC).

This paper investigates the tensile property of green high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (GHPFRCC) with focus on the influence of sample shape and mix proportion. Direct tensile tests are performed on the rectangle shaped plate coupons and dumbbell shaped ones, followed by sixteen kinds of mix proportions based on the orthogonal experiment method, considering such influencing factors as fly ash replacement by weight (60%, 65%, 70%, and 75%), water-binder ratio (0.24, 0.28, 0.32, and 0.36), sand-binder ratio(0.36, 0.46, 0.56, and 0.66), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber by volume (1.5%, 1.7%, 2.0%, and 2.2%) and water reducing agent by weight (0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, and 0.25%). And then, the tensile strength and ductility of GHPFRCC are highlighted and discussed. Experimental results show that the limit tensile deformation capacity of GHPFRCC is far better than that of the normal concrete. Water-binder ratio has a greater influence on the tensile strength and the optimal value is 0.24. GHPFRCC can obtain higher tensile strength when sand-binder ratio is 0.46. The limit tensile strength and deformation of the dumbbell shaped GHPFRCC specimens are usually better than those of the rectangle shaped plate coupons.

Wu, K.; Fan, Q., and Zheng, J., 2015. Effect of strength anisotropy on failure envelope of offshore shallow foundations under combined loading.

The bearing capacity of offshore shallow foundations subjected to combined vertical, horizontal and moment loading is of interest particularly to the offshore geotechnical engineers. This paper reports a finite element (FE) study on the effects of strength anisotropy and foundation embedment depth on the combined bearing capacity. The Tresca failure criterion modified to allow for soil strength anisotropy and coupled with an elasto-perfectly plastic stress-strain relationship is assumed in the analysis which is conducted using the FE software ABAQUS. The undrained bearing capacities of shallow strip foundations under uniaxial vertical (V), moment (M) and horizontal (H) loadings are predicted and compared with available solutions. The V-M-H capacity of embedded foundations under combined loading is represented by failure envelopes in H-M space for various vertical loading levels. The results presented in this paper show that the embedment ratio significantly affects the shape of the failure envelope expressed in terms of loads normalized by the pure moment or pure horizontal load-carrying capacity of the foundation. However, the shape of failure envelope defining the undrained capacity of shallow foundations under horizontal and moment loads is independent of soil strength anisotropy.

Zhang, S.; Liu, L., and Zhang, Q., 2015. Force analysis of anchored inshore pipeline.

This paper mainly analyzes the optimal anchorage length of a straight-laid inshore pipeline. To begin with, several ways of how to fix a pipe are ticked off, and the way with discontinuous anchor is chosen for the specific analysis. Mathematical model is built to analyze the stress state of the pipeline, which is fixed with the screw anchor, and the main failure mode of pipeline-excessive-yield-failure mode-is checked; thus we gain the maximum anchorage distance of the pipeline. To get a more exact result, a finite element model of the pipeline is built. With the software ANSYS, the model is analyzed under wave conditions. The results reveal that the maximum anchorage distance differ in different determinants, namely distance, stress and strain; the stress of the pipeline first exceeds the allowable range when anchorage distance increases.

Lang, R.; Liu, R.; Lian, J., and Ding, H., 2015. Study on load-bearing characteristics of different types of pile group foundations for an offshore wind turbine.

Elevated pile-cap foundation is one of the most popular foundation types for offshore wind turbines. Form selection and design are the keys in the construction of offshore wind farms. Because offshore wind turbines are high-rise structures, a reasonable and applicable foundation can ensure the normal operation of wind turbines. Meanwhile, it can decrease the size of foundation and reduce the cost of construction effectively. Four types of pile group foundations named BPG-type, SPG-type, VPG-type, and CPG-type are developed. Combined with laboratory model experiments, a numerical simulation method is established and verified in this paper. The vertical bearing capacity, horizontal bearing capacity and bending bearing capacity are studied comparatively with the numerical simulation method. Combined with practical engineering, the applicability of the foundations is evaluated. The results indicate that BPG-type and SPG-type have the stronger vertical bearing capacity, horizontal bearing capacity and bending bearing capacity than VPG-type and CPG-type in the same amount of steel. In addition, batter piles can effectively increase the bearing capacity of pile foundations. The VPG-type needs to increase the size of foundation to meet the requirements of wind turbine operation. In practical engineering, the combination of vertical piles and batter piles can increase the bearing capacity of pile group foundations and decrease the cost of construction.

Yang, Y.; Liu, X., and Zhang, M., 2015. Instability of laminar flow in a wide shallow meander channel.

The meander river has one of the most common types of natural river morphology, where the flow pattern influences the transformation and development of river morphology. The theory of the instability analysis of laminar flow in a wide-shallow meander channel with constant curvature is investigated in this study. The modified Orr-Summerfield equation, which is established in a curvilinear orthogonal coordinate for two-dimensional incompressible flow, is simplified for the case of wide-shallow channel. The characteristics of instability, such as the neutral curve of critical Reynolds number, contour of growth rate and characteristic spectrum of wave number are obtained by performing the numerical simulations. The computed results show that the characteristic spectrum of meander channel is similar to that of straight channel. It can thus be inferred that the flows in both channels have the same stability characteristics. Furthermore, the neutral curve moves leftward and the critical Reynolds number decreases with the increase of bank curvature. Secondly, the response to the disturbance wave number also increases, which results in the instability of the flow. Thus, this study explains the reasons for the laminar flow becoming unstable in meander channel and also establishes the fundamental theory to further study meandering rivers.

Wang, C.; Ren, H.; Li, H., and Wang, J., 2015. A direct assessment method for structure strength of icebreaker based on numerical simulation.

Considering the changes of ice stress caused by strain rate of ice, a finite element method is presented to assess structure strength of icebreaker and ice failure model is based on multi-surface criterion. This paper discusses both principle of ice and ship model and presents results of structure stress in ice environment. Secondary development technology of finite element software is applied to simulate ice failure. Phenomena such as ice failure model and velocity changes of icebreaker are shown in simulation results, which show that the simulated ice loads are in good agreement with the literature results. The method presented in this paper can reflect the stress distribution of the structure and the numerical model can be applied to predict ice load and structure strength.

Wu, K.; Fan, Q., and Zheng, J., 2015. Insight into failure mechanism of large-diameter monopile for offshore wind turbines subjected to wave-induced loading.

In this paper, the refined elasto-plastic finite element model based on effective stress method is developed for the large-diameter monopile for offshore wind turbines subjected to cyclic wave-induced loading. An improved dynamic Cam-clay constitutive model is utilized to simulate the behavior of seabed soil under cyclic loading. The finite element package is used for analyses in plane strain case and its capability in simulating the wave-induced seabed responses is successfully verified using the analytical solution available. Then the contact pairs algorithm is employed to simulate nonlinear interaction behavior of the contact between the monopile and soil. The lateral boundary in the finite element model is considered according to repeatability principle. By using the refined finite element model established, the failure mechanism and distribution of skin friction acting on the outer wall of monopile is evaluated.

Zhang, L., 2015. Study and application of properties equivalent algorithm for composite wind turbine blade based on strain energy method.

To simplify the modeling and improve calculating efficiency of wind turbine blade, properties equivalent method of composite laminate based on strain energy method is put forward. To take representative volume element of composite as research object, basing on the two-dimension strain energy method, the equations set, which shows the relationship between equivalent stiffness matrix coefficient of composite properties and strain energy of RVE, is deduced on the three-dimension strain energy method through utilizing strain energy conservation theory and transforming of different strain energy formula. And the equation set is in accordance with the stress and strain field of RVE is the same as that of homogeneous equivalent unites under certain conditions. Then energy expression of properties equivalent stiffness matrix for composite is given. Turning the stiffness matrix into compliance matrix, the equivalent properties parameters of composite laminated plate can be obtained. Additionally, properties equivalent algorithm is applied to tri-axial composite laminated plate [0°, ±45°], and the calculating results are agreed with the measured ones. Meanwhile, properties equivalence along the longitudinal and thickness direction of 1.5 MW blade is done respectively. After comparing the results of structural analysis of the blade root for layered element model and equivalent model, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm can be well proved.

Xin, L.; He, J.; Liu, H., and Shen, Y., 2015. Potential of using cemented soil-tire chips mixture as construction fill: A laboratory study.

Waste materials that are generated in large quantities, such as waste rubbers, plastics, and dredged soils, can potentially be reused as fill materials in construction projects. It will bring both economical and environmental benefits. This paper firstly presents a review on different methods of reusing scrap tires and waste soils in constructions. Then, a new method of using these two wastes as a fill material is proposed and experimentally evaluated. The material is formed by mixing waste soils, scrap tire chips, Portland cement, and water together in varying proportions. Isotropic compression and triaxial consolidated undrained compression tests were carried out. The geotechnical properties of the material with varying additions of different components are investigated. It is found that adding more tire chips in the material leads to an evident improvement in the undrained strength; while the compressibility of the specimens with 0–60% tire chips content (to dry soil by weight) does not change very much. The test results also manifest that increasing cement content is an effective way to reduce the compressibility and improve the undrained strength, indicating that the mechanical behavior of the material can be well controlled by adjusting the cement addition. Thanks to its advantageous features such as small compressibility and adjustable strength, the material is suitable for quaywall backfill and embankment fill in port or transportation constructions.

Wang, L., 2015. Sea lanes and Chinese national energy security.

Energy is the essential pillar of the national economy. Either the shortage or the interruption of energy will directly threaten the security of our national economy,. With the rapid development of our national economy, especially the increasing dependence on marine energy transportation, sea lanes security gradually becomes a strategic issue concerning national security and development. At present, over 90% of the national imported energy supplement depends on the marine transportation. Thus, the sea lane is becoming the “blood vessels” to sustain the national economy. Therefore, strategic international marine routine will be of strategic significance to China's national energy security, especially the petroleum security. In order to maintain China's energy security, our government should reinforce top-level design and overall planning, develop the strategy of national channel security as soon as possible, enhance the comprehensive abilities of maintaining sea lanes security, participate in the international cooperation of marine strategic lanes, promote the establishment of new orders in marine strategic lanes, explore novel lanes for business and energy transportation, and reduce risks in transportation and economy.

Ye, Y. and Chen, C., 2015. Research on fatigue crack assessment for fixed platform.

This paper uses a combination of fatigue analysis and fracture mechanics approach, based on BS7910 specifications, API RP 2A specification, Norsok Standard-N004 specification conducting fracture assessment and predicting fatigue life for existing crack on fixed offshore platform. Fracture and fatigue analysis software for fixed platform is completely programmed. The software applied to perform engineering critical assessment of fracture (ECA) and fracture mechanics-based fatigue life prediction for the typical tubular joints on fixed platform.

Su, S.; Hu, Y., and Wang, C., 2015. The key technology research about 3DCNC bending machine and experimental verification.

Due to the complex curved surface shape, large size and small batch about hull plate, the 3D CNC bending machine is emerged. It is a breakthrough in the ship 3D surface cold forming area and has great practical significance. The key and innovative technologies are as follows. They are the square head adjustable die forming device which can well solve the indentation and wrinkling problems in the forming process, the online real-time detection fast approximation gradually bending method which can quickly solve the spring back problem of hull plate forming and make sure the accuracy and the software and hardware integration control system which can realize the digital technology and automation of the CNC bending machine. The 3D CNC bending machine can solve the high-cost problem of overall die and the wrinkling and the indentation problem of the multi point forming technology, whose effectiveness and reliability can be verified through the sail plate and the saddle plate cold bending forming experiment.

Liang, X.; Hua, X.; Su, L.; Li, W.; Yin, Q., and You, Y., 2015. Energy conservation control strategy of autonomous underwater vehicle for ocean search.

This paper addresses the development of the remote of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and proposes an energy conservation control strategy of AUV for ocean search. Combining the expected effect of motion planning and control execution, we build optimal “planning-control” systems of AUV based on rolling optimization, and propose the optimization methods: multi-step forecast planning and single-step control execution. At every moment, planner outputs target quantities, and the AUV model and controller give forecast outputs. Optimization is made to get optimal quantities of the state sequence, according to which a beat control is performed. Simulations are conducted, and the results show that the path is of optimal energy consumption, and the control strategy reduces the volatility of the control quantities and the risk of autonomous obstacle avoidance caused by external disturbances.

Yan, F.; Zhang, C.; Sun, L.; and Zhang, D., 2015. Experimental study on slamming pressure and hydro elastic vibration of a flat plate during water entry.

The real impact of water or waves on coastal and ocean engineering infrastructures is anticipated to be significant. It is a complicated problem to couple a deformable structure with an air water fluid flow. The paper studies the slamming pressure and hydroelastic vibration of a flat plate by a series of drop tests. The peak pressure and related air-water status are recorded simutaneously. Part of the real physical field is revealed for future numerical model of strong interaction with fluid-solid system. It is found that a thin layer of air, which is enclosed by water raised up at both ends, is trapped into the interface of the plate and water. The peak pressure occurs at the plate center and keeps steady in repetitive tests. Hydroelastic vibration, which was stimulated by impacting load, makes the pressure to decrease periodically in a turbulent air-water field. Characteristic frequency of pressure signals agrees with the wet modes of the plate.

Zhou, R. and Teng, J., 2015. An improved resampling algorithm for particle filtering in small target tracking.

The sample impoverishment after resampling is the main reason of the decrease of the estimation accuracy in particle filtering. To solve the problem, a new resampling algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, the existing resampling algorithm is analyzed and its defects are demonstrated; then an improved algorithm is introduced to overcome the defects by constructing the new particles based on Gaussian distribution. Compared to the existing resampling algorithm, the proposed algorithm can maintain the diversity of particles and avoid the sample impoverishment in particle filtering, thus increase the estimation accuracy. Simulation results show that the accuracy of tracking small target in low signal-to-noise ratio optimal image sequence is increased in terms of the quantitative criteria-RMSE.

Sun, B.; Wei, M.; Du, J., Ji, W., and Wen, M., 2015. Multi-attribute group decision making method of ecological water compensation program based on preference of decision makers.

This paper presented a multi-attribute group decision making model of ecological water compensation program based on preference of decision makers. First, it constructed the interval indexes of ecological water compensation program and conducted general standardization on the initial decision matrix based on cost and efficiency indexes, which introduced the concept of attitude indexes and eliminated errors brought by preferences of decision-makers for the program. Second, it aimed for the minimum deviation between the expectation of decision-makers on the optimal solution and objective values, and the weighted value of unknown attributes of the optimal model was obtained. Finally, we used the ecological water compensation in Nantong City as an example to verify the validity of the model.

Zhang, S. and Wang, J., 2015. Analysis of South Korea Sewol sunken ferry accident based on behavioral safety.

South Korea Sewol ferry accident was analyzed based on behavior-based accident causation “2-4” model. The direct behavioral causes of this tragedy were Captain Lee's absence on the bridge in the dangerous range of sailing and a sudden turn made by Park Han-kyul. The important cause of the accident for further expansion was Captain Lee's false command. He didn't get passengers ready for evacuation in the first time. Another important causes leading to the accident were the overloading of cargo and the lack of ballast water on board. The decisive causes of the accident were the defects about Chonghaejin Marine Company's safety management system and safety culture, such as the lack of training and safety investment. Measures should be taken to provide similar accidents from governments, supervision departments, marine companies and schools.

Chen, Q.; Sun, S., and Deng, M., 2015. Design and construction of the provincial geo-spatial information sharing platform in China.

The author analyze and present the concept and principle for the construction of provincial geospatial information sharing platform, and three main operation models based on the actual situation in China. Taking Sichun Province as an example, the 7-layer entire structure of the “sharing platform” is designed, and the author designs the primary implementation scheme of the province “sharing platform”.

Chen, J.; Lu, L.; Lu, J., and Luo, Y., 2015. An early-warning system for shipping market crisis using climate index.

The shipping market is always in volatility according to complex impact factors. This paper develops a new operational early warning system (EWS) model based on the economy cycle theory for predicting shipping market crises. To achieve this goal this paper analyses and extends the early warning system by constructing the “climate index”.

Taking industry capacity and profit level into account, several indicators are selected for the synthesis of climate index. These indicators are divided into three categories of the leading, coincident and lagging with time difference correlation analysis and cluster analysis approach. Advantageously accessible to extensive resources, multiple datasets are available for the selected indicators. In terms of the economic cycle theory, diffusion and composite indices of global shipping prosperity are presented by using the factor analysis, predicts composite indices and market situation with the climate index curve and signals.

As an empirical example, a climate index for Shanghai container shipping market is developed in order to demonstrate its potential usefulness as an early warning system. It turns out this model can provide a powerful tool for the operators and investors to understand the market trend and avoid the price risk. Additionally, early warning software is developed to put this idea into practice.

Feng, X.; Wang, M.; Li, Y.; Gu, W., and Zhang, Y., 2015. Optimal throughput of crude oil terminals with options for infrastructure improvements.

Crude oil is a major commodity transported through ports. Determining the optimal throughput level of crude oil terminals is crucial for efficient utilization of coastal resources and sustainable development of ports. This paper develops a simulation model for estimating the logistics costs associated with the unloading operations of oil tankers at a terminal using the simulation package Arena. The model parameters are estimated using real data collected from a major crude oil terminal in China. Simulation results unveil the optimal throughput level that minimizes the overall logistics cost per ton of crude oil unloaded for a given terminal. In addition, the simulation is modified to examine various combinations of infrastructure improvements: adding a berth, upgrading handling equipment, and dredging the navigation channel. Their impacts on the optimal throughput level and the unit logistics cost are quantified, and suggestions on port infrastructure investments are provided.

Xu, F.; Lu, H.; Ding, N., and Liu, J., 2015. Game theory analysis of container port alliance.

Since the reform and opening up, China's transport industry has developed rapidly. For many years, it has been the largest country that demands for container transport in the world. As an important node in the global container transportation network, the status of our container ports has become increasingly important in the world. However, with the decline of external demand in recent years and the reconstruction of China's economy, it has promoted that the competition among the various shipping companies become increasingly fierce. This paper applies the game theory to the container port in the enterprise. Through analyzing the interest among container ports, some suggestions are put forward to promote the development of the container ports.

Li, Y.; Dong, Q., and Sun, S., 2015. Dry port development in China: current status and future strategic directions.

Dry ports have become integral to the trade facilitation in China in the last decade. They are playing important roles in facilitating transportation for international trade and further stimulating economic development in China's central and western inland areas. However, without a clear strategic direction, the institutional and regulatory framework for dry port development is shown to be at an immature and disordered state. This paper summarizes the current status of dry port development in China. Based on this, the study proposes a new dry port development strategic layout. We conclude that the dry port development strategy in China should be shifted from the pursuit of scale to efficiency. We also point out that, in order to avoid repetitive or blind construction, the dry ports' construction plan should be integrated into the layout of the port construction planning and comprehensive transportation system planning. The governors of dry ports should have a better understanding about the trend of the dry ports development in the world. For a long-term interest, we need to absorb investment through different ways to alleviate the capital pressure. By strengthening the cooperation relationships among the local governments, customs, inspection and quarantine departments, and the logistics enterprises, an innovative service mode should be built to create the value for the enterprises. Our study could shed light on the practice of port enterprises to improve quality service for winning more customers' trust and satisfaction. The strategic directions of dry port in China are also well discussed in our study.

Ren, N.; Cao, M., and Han, B., 2015. Research on shipbuilding project WBS optimization based on DSM.

To improve the low efficiency of China's shipbuilding industry, this paper designs a method that is based on dependency structure matrix (DSM) to optimize work breakdown structure(WBS) of shipbuilding project. Firstly, this paper defines the contact information flow between tasks that is based on clustering division using the rank transform method, and designs a method to evaluate and select the clustering division results. Then, this paper uses the Monte Carlo simulation method to optimize the above modelby calculating the sum of the contact information flow of all the WBS clustering division results in order to get the best WBS optimization scheme. Finally, this paper also validates the feasibility of WBS modeling, clustering division, evaluation and selection through questionnaire data. In a word, this paper provides a new method and thought for the practical application during the complex product project management process.

Zhang, J., and Tang, Y., 2015. Fatigue analysis of deep-water risers under vortex-induced vibration considering parametric excitations.

This paper presents vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and fatigue analysis of deep-water risers in shear flow considering parametric excitations due to the heave of floating platform. As a first step, the governing equation of transverse motion of the riser is established; the dynamic response of the riser is calculated numerically by the finite difference method based on Van der Pol wake-oscillator model. Then the fatigue damage of the riser is obtained by applying Miner cumulative damage theory and S-N curve. The results show that the VIV response of the riser, especially in the flow with low speed, is much larger due to the parametric excitation. The bending stress and the fatigue damage at the bottom of the riser are significantly increased under parametric excitations.

Zheng, Y., 2015. The static and dynamic evaluation on ocean environment performance for Chinese coastal cities.

It is necessary to control pollution of the marine environment while improving coastal economy for sustainable developing. But it is difficult to evaluate ocean's changing because of its openness. So the ocean environment performance was proposed in this paper. Combined with data envelopment analysis and product efficiency theory, the static and dynamic methods for measuring the performance were first constructed. In order to analyze the actual situation of Chinese coastal cities and verify the effectiveness of the two methods, the static and dynamic ocean environment performance for Chinese 16 coastal cities were evaluated with these methods. By comparing the actual pollution in the sea area near these cities, the calculated results showed the index and the models designed in this paper can better reflect the effect of the economy to the coastal marine environment. Based these results, more comparing analysis for these cities was further analyzed. It is useful for their sustainable development.

Tsang, S.; Wang, W., and Ku, H., 2015. The intention of job seekers to apply for jobs in small and medium-size coastal enterprises based on the theory of planned behavior.

Taiwan is surrounded by sea areas, ecological, cultural, and economic and maritime industries are closely related, and Taiwan coastline of 1319 km. Gravity buildings suitable for coastal and nearshore shallow waters, such as Haiti, revetments, piers, breakwaters, artificial islands, so as to soil, stone, concrete and other materials built into the slope, straight wall or hybrid type of structure, marine engineering industry is a long cycle, capital-intensive, technology-intensive, labor-intensive traditional industries. Taiwan's first engineering and coastal waters can be traced back in 1960 to build the Taichung Harbor, Suao harbor, Hualien, Kaohsiung and Keelung of building expansion, the Taiwan Power Company's various nuclear and thermal power plants. The Coastal Enterprises seeks to demonstrate the capabilities of the individuals job seeker, not focus on their disability. Based on the findings of past studies, many factors affect job seekers in terms of applying to work for SMEs. That is, external factors, job seekers' backgrounds, and enterprise related factors are all likely to affect job seekers' attitudes towards an enterprise; job seekers could also be affected by referent groups, and the effects of individual abilities. In order to summarize the many possible impact factors in a structured manner, this research uses the theory of planned behavior as its theoretical framework. This study also obtained the opinions of 320 respondents from the coastal engineering job fair held in Taiwan, and the results found that attitudes and perceived behavioral control are the main considerations affecting coastal engineering job seekers applying for SMEs' job vacancies. This research also proposes related research suggestions based on the research results.

Zhang, D.; Xu, N.; Yue, Q., and Liu, D., 2015. Sea ice problems in Bohai Bay oil and gas exploitation.

Sea ice infests the Bohai Bay every winter. Normally, ice condition is slight but sometimes heavy ice conditions may occur. It has been difficult for offshore designers to determine the conditions and the ice loads. Two jackets were pushed over by ice and others were designed too conservative as ice load were overestimated. In recent years some of the platforms have met severe ice induced vibrations, which has caused harmful accidents. In this paper, sea ice problems in oil and gas exploitation of Bohai Bay are briefly introduced. The dynamic behavior of ice resistant jacket structures and the potential failure modes that arise from cyclic ice actions are described.

Wu, C.; Wen, G.; Wu, X.; Han, L.; Xu, J.; Wang, W.; Xie, H., and Li, R., 2015. Calculation method of the pull-back force for cable laying of the trenchless completed power pipeline.

Typically, trenchless drilling rig is used in cable laying in power system. Then through the windlass; the cable is pulled into the pipeline. Although the size of the pull-back force is very important to calculate the pull-back force in cable laying, the existing calculation equation for pull-back force is targeted at pull-back force in pipeline laying. This article analyzes the frequently-used calculation equations and its service condition in pipeline laying. And a pull-back force test instrument in cable laying is designed, by which a large number of pull-back force of cable laying in practical engineering project is collected. Through the comparison of the measured values and calculation values by the equation for pull-back force, it is founded that the equation for pull-back force in pipeline laying is suitable for the calculation of pull-back force in cable laying in case that it multiplied by a certain coefficient.

Feng, D.; Wang, X.; Jiang, F., and Zhang, Z., 2015. Large eddy simulation of DARPA SUBOFF for Re = 2.65 × 10⁷.

Accurate simulation of the flow field around the hull is of great significance to predict hydrodynamic performances of a submarine. Judging by the resistance of the hull, researchers will be able to know whether the flow field was finely simulated. In this paper, LES (Large-Eddy Simulation) is used to predict the resistance and wake of a standard submarine model DARPA SUBOFF at a high Reynolds number of 2.65 × 10⁷. The results of the simulation were analyzed in detail and compared with the experimental data; they showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental data both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Yang, T.; Yang C.; Sun, Z., and Feng, H., 2015. PSC Ship-selecting model based on improved particle swarm optimization and support vector machine algorithm.

Towards the weakness of BP neural network, an efficient PSC ship-selecting model combining improved PSO and SVM algorithm is developed in this paper. The scheme is validated by demonstration analysis of actual data from “THETIS” Inspection Database that the accuracy is 97.619%, while the time complexity is reduced efficiently. This PSC ship-selecting model is very suitable for the scenario of limited inspect resources for rapid ship classification, which certainly has much great significance for PSC targeting.

Huang, H.; Chen, X.; Zhou, Z., and Lv, C., 2015. Attitude determination for underwater gliders using unscented Kalman filter based on smooth variable algorithm.

For improving the attitude accuracy using the lower cost and lower power underwater navigation system, this paper proposes the new underwater navigation system which is composed of the inertial sensors aided with the magnetometer, and the unscented Kalman filter based on smooth variable algorithm (UKF-SV) is proposed to improve the attitude accuracy for the underwater glider. The UKF-SV makes use of the advantage of UKF (unscented Kalman filter) in the nonlinear model to estimate attitudes and then smoothes the variables estimated by UKF. Through this process, the attitude accuracy can be greatly improved. The convergence of UKF-SV is proven in theory. The static and dynamic experiments are done to assess the performance of UKF-SV and compare with the traditional UKF. The experiment results show that the performance of UKF-SV is better than the traditional UKF.

Xu, A. and Sun, J., 2015. The simulation study of marine propeller load characteristics based on regression algorithm.

In this paper, in order to avoid the complex calculation with propeller chart, a new model method for marine propeller was put forward. According to the new model method, propeller thrust and torque are calculated based on regression algorithm and it can realize four quadrants simulation. After the propeller model was completed, basic ship operation such as start, stop and emergency astern are simulated with the help of mathematical model of the ship-propeller. Through analyzing the change curves of the revolution speed of the propeller, the navigation speed of the ship and the torque of the ship under all kinds of working conditions, some operable suggestions and theory evidences are provided for the practical operation of the ship.

Chen, X.; Jin, Z.; Lin, G., and Yang, X., 2015. Using node clustering and genetic programming to estimate missing data for marine environmental monitoring.

Missing sensor data is a challenge in wireless sensor network (WSN) for marine environmental monitoring, which may lower the performance of WSN. Therefore, estimation of the missing sensor data has received growing attention in WSN recently. In this paper we propose a novel data estimation approach based on Node Clustering and Genetic Programming (NCGP) to estimate the missing sensor data for WSN. NCGP consists of node clustering module and data estimation module. We first set up clusters according to data similarity and spatial similarity in the node clustering module, and then in the data estimation module, Genetic Programming is applied to mine the relationship among the nodes in the same cluster. Our proposed approach can efficiently retrieve the missing data by the help of the historical round reading and/or current round reading depend on the number of the nodes in the data missing cluster. The experiments have demonstrated the efficacy of NCGP in terms of five error statistics, wave plot and scatter plot compared to the existing techniques.

Wang, H.; Liu, G.; Wu, L., and Zhang, T., 2015. Modeling and parameter revising method of rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model.

Virtual prototype technology has been widely applied to simulate the performance of various complex mechanical systems. However, errors existing in analysis models usually cannot be ignored, particularly rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model, so many parameters factors have to be considered and to be improved. In this paper, taking a multi-body impact system as the subject investigated, a rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype model of the multi-body impact system is built by using the multi-body dynamics software Virtual Lab. The simulation and analysis of the impact dynamics model is presented. The accuracy of the simulation results is evaluated by combining with test data. Some key system parameters are analyzed and revised base on the sensitivity method and the perturbation method. The scatter degree of the simulation results of the revised impact dynamics model has better consistency with the test results, and the validity of the virtual prototype model is improved.

Suo, A. and Zhang, M., 2015. Sea areas reclamation and coastline change monitoring by remote sensing in coastal zone of Liaoning in China.

Aimed to monitor spatial pattern of sea areas reclamation in Liaoning province. Series satellite remote sensing images obtained from 1990 to 2010 were employed to monitor sea areas reclamation and coastline change in coastal zone of Liaoning. Some spatial index was established to describe sea areas reclamation and coastline change by geographical information system, respectively. The results are as follow: Spatial index based on geographical information system are suitable to assess spatial pattern of sea areas reclamation and coastline change. The sea areas reclamation in coastal zone of Liaoning is 35,720.98 hm² from 1990 to 2010. The sea areas reclamation intension is high in Panjin and Jinzhou with reclamation intension index above 90.0 hm²/km, but low in Huludao, Yingkou and Dalian with reclamation intension index below 20.0 hm²/km. Length of coastline in Liaoning increased and its tortuosity ascend over last 20 years. The increment is 30% in some regions as Jinzhou and Panjin. Exploitation of coastline cause the growth of the length of artificial coastline (dams, bulwark, e.g.), while natural coast line (rock coastline, sandy coastline and muddy coastline) is compressed.

Sun, C.; Ma, F.; Zhou, X., and Ning, L., 2015. Research and the establishment of the Bohai Sea separation model based on the model difference method.

With the development of marine surveying technology, there is an urgent need for solving the discontinuity problem of the depth datum. In this paper the difference model method based on the relationship between the mean sea level and the theoretical depth datum has been approached. Taking Bohai as the study area the deviation model has been built and its accuracy has been analyzed.

He, Y.; Huang, L.; Xiong, Y., and Hu,W., 2015. The research of ship ACA actions at different stages on head-on situation based on CRI and COLREGS.

In order to study the Automatic Collision-Avoidance (ACA) actions of vessels in head-on situation in accordance with rules of International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGS 72) and ordinary practice of seaman, stags of vessel's meeting process were separated by Collision Risk Index (CRI) and Time to Immediate Danger (TID). The reason to correct Collision-Avoidance (CA) actions at different stages are different. CRI and TID were derived from defined Situation Elements (SE) in head -on situation. Then computing models of them and ACA actions at different stages were presented. The basis of this research is the center moved ship's elliptical domain theories and MMG three-free dimensional digital model which is calculated by ship's hydrodynamic equations. The following is proved by simulations: The mathematic models presented ensure rapid and reliable convergence of SE computing; new CRI model is much more in line with the thinking process of navigators and practice at sea than before; ACA actions in accordance with COLREGS rules and ordinary practice of seaman, can be produced by program. The research may make big improvement to the final achievement of ACA of ship in head-on situation.

Liu, G.; Chen, G.; Jiao, J., and Jiang, R., 2015. Dynamics modeling and control simulation of an autonomous underwater vehicle.

A dynamics model of an open-shelf Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is described in this paper. The virtual prototype technology and the control simulation software are used to build the virtual prototype model of AUV, and AUV dynamic location control arithmetic is simulated based on analyzing motion and hydrodynamic mathematical model of the virtual prototype. The simulation results indicate that the virtual prototype system has the function of simulation demo and performance validation, and can provide one kind of new method for AUV graphic simulation, and has very important practical meaning on AUV design and control research.

Yan, S.; Guo, B.; Sun, L., and Lei, Z., 2015. Theoretical analysis and model test of rock berm protection.

Submarine pipelines are exposed to the risk of damage from dragged anchors of ships that lose control during severe storms. Rock armor berms are commonly employed to protect the pipelines by deflecting the dragged anchors. Theoretical work and model tests are implemented in this study to understand the protection mechanism provided by rock berms. A limit equilibrium method is proposed to address the interaction between the dragged Hall anchor and the developed soil wedges. The total drag force on the anchor is obtained as the sum of the drag force on the anchor crown and that on the anchor fluke. Model tests are performed with three model anchors with different linear scales. The drag forces measured in the model tests agree well with those calculated by the theoretical approach. Results show that when the anchor is dragged into the rock armor berm from the soil foundation, an unbalanced moment is induced on the anchor; this moment causes the dragged anchor to rotate and the fluke tip to rise up. Such prediction may be helpful to berm designers.

Zhang, J. and Zhang, Q., 2015. Direct simulation of drag force on fractal flocs during settling.

The hydrodynamic drag force of fractal flocs during settling is examined by the Lattice Boltzmann method. Fractal flocs formed by Diffusion-Limited Aggregation (DLA) and diffusion-limited-cluster-cluster aggregation (DLCCA) models settle down in the quiescent water and drag forces are directly calculated. The numerical simulations are consistent with the analytical results. The ratio of drag force on fractal flocs and floc size shows a linear relationship with the floc settling velocity when the flow filed around the flocs is Stokes flow. The drag coefficient experienced by flocs is significantly different from the spheres. Moreover, drag forces on flocs formed by DLCCA are larger than flocs formed by DLA, when the flocs are composed of the same primary particles.

Zhao, J.; Wang, D., and Gu, H., 2015. Numerical simulation of dual laterolog in cavernous carbonatite reservoir.

The cavernous reservoir has become one of the main carbonate reservoirs for stable and increasing production. The degrees and the types of fillings materials are the key factors which affect the characteristics of accumulation and flowage. However, due to the complexity of fillings in the caves, the response laws of logging of the cavernous reservoir can not be understood clearly and its effective evaluation has been severely hampered. This paper uses for the first time numerical simulation to study the responses in the curve of dual lateral log of cavernous reservoir. By establishing a continuous equation of the dual lateral log and its boundary factors and using the electric field superimpose principle, a finite element method is used to study the cave size, different filling agents and degrees are simulated. The result indicates that the size, filling agents and degrees show a clear response, and they have a clear correspondence. Summarizing and analyzing the response laws on the dual lateral logging curves of the cavernous reservoir can provide theoretical evidence for the logging evaluation of the carbonate cavernous reservoir.

Dong, Q.; Chen, S., and Lu, J., 2015. Modeling and optimization of multi-model multiple assembly line mixed-line assembling by turns.

To solve unpunctual delivery, low assembly line utilization and unbalanced production in the assembly shop scheduling of an automotive electronic components enterprise, the model of multi-model multiple assembly line mixed-lines assembling by turns was constructed and the model was solved by designing a series of optimal algorithms. In view of meeting the punctual delivery period, improving the utilization of assembly lines and the order fulfillment rate, the scheduling model was constructed different from the majority of similar models. The virtual sequence, a new neighborhood structure to avoid the adjustment in cycling improvement, was defined and combined with the scheduling rules and heuristics strategy to design three algorithms for solving the model. The performance of presented algorithms were analyzed and compared with the original scheduling results. The performance comparison results demonstrate the virtual tabu (Vtr-Tabu) algorithm can apply in the small and medium scale scheduling problem with better performance than other two. And the performance variation curves of three algorithms with the increasing of single parameter were analyzed. The computational results verify the effectiveness of the presented model and algorithms in improving delivery, the assembly line utilization and the order fulfillment rate.

Xie, C.; Wang, Z.; Wang, R., and Jiang, Z., 2015. Feed forward compensation control of dual-axis photoelectric stabilized platform.

The carrier angular motion and disturbance torque are the two main problems limiting stable accuracy of the line of sight (LOS) of airborne optical stabilized platform. Angular rate isolation and torque stiffness analysis of the servo system are proposed to improve the stable accuracy. A PII² control scheme is taken to obtain fast response, low overshot and zero steady-state error. In order to achieve higher target tracking precision compared with PII² scheme, a feed forward compensation has been presented against the low tracking accuracy problems caused by pure lag of the system image tracking instruction. Simulation results indicate that the servo system designed has strong capability of isolating angular movement and disturbance torque. Tracking accuracy of the stabilized platform servo control system can be efficiently improved when appropriate feed forward control is introduced.

Liu, Z.; Zhou, C., and Lu, Y., 2015. Dynamic evolution model and critical failure criterion of the instability evolution for submarine tunnel system.

Dynamic evolution model and critical failure criterion of the instability evolution for submarine tunnel system are studied in this paper. Based on the synergetic theory and chaotic dynamic theory, nonlinear dynamics evolution characteristics for the whole process of the tunnel deformation and instability are presented. The fluctuation correlation mechanism of the whole tunnel system is revealed by systematical analysis, and then the nonlinear dynamic evolution model is established. Combined the practice project with the length of time sequence for general deformation monitoring data as well as the effective analysis on chaotic dynamics, the dynamical criterion of the stability evolution process of the tunnel system is conducted separately under different data conditions (more than 3,000 and less than 3,000). According to unstable and failure features of each evaluating stage of the tunnel system, the dynamic criterion is proposed. It provides a significant guideline for the calculation and analysis of submarine tunnel stability.

Shen, J.; Han, X.; Hou, Y.; Wu, J., and Wen, Y., 2015. The relationship between marine biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation in the strategies of rural development in China.

Biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of ecosystems should be included in eradicating poverty and achieving the internationally agreed goals related strategies. This study demonstrated the primary content of the Outline of Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China's Rural Areas (DPRCRA). By employing the Participatory Rural Assessment approach, this study assesses the effectiveness of DPRCRA in improving the ecology, socio-economic conditions and biodiversity conservation, elaborating on the opportunities and challenges entailed in the outline strategy. Results indicated that the relationship between them was Poverty escalation cycle and Poverty alleviation cycle. The paper also discusses the role of developing appropriate institutional mechanisms to integrate conservation and development efforts from practitioners' perspective, to enable poverty alleviation and marine biodiversity conservation to succeed, and proposes a set of guiding suggestions for making policies on rural capacity building and enhancing compensation mechanism.

Xu, S.; Zhu, J.; Gao, Q., and Zhu, B., 2015. Sailing routes designing: based on ILNS-CMAHLP.

Sailing routes is the basis of carrier's survival, the planning of route network is the strategic for the carrier. Optimization theory of hub and spoke network is a highly simplified result in specific constraints of the network composed by the given nodes, so the theory plays little roll in the actual network planning. According to the complex network theory, we establish the route network design model with the constraints of investment limit, non-strict, capacitated and multiple allocation, the aim of model is to minimum the total cost of the route opened cost, the transportation cost, the hub node construction cost, the opportunity cost caused by the not yet been transported; secondly, to study the ILNS-CMAHLP problem based on the Mixed Set Programming (MSP) theory, we make the data model with the set variables, give the logic model to express the relation among input variables, output variables and decision variables, build the solve rule based on the set reasoning algorithm. Finally, we calculate the ILNS-CMAHLP exact solution of NCL language in the POEM optimization platform. Results show that the NCL algorithm, which has the natural modeling and mixed set programming features, is a useful tool to solute the constraints of joint solving of NP-Hard problem, and it will avoid the combination explosion problem of large-scale integer programming; at the same time, it will open the new research direction for the optimization of hub and spoke network with the capacitated etc. constraints, it can provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the actual route network planning.

Cai, G.; Yao, D.; Sun, J.; Jia, D., and Chen, J., 2015. Predict of high-speed train's safe operation based on fuzzy inference.

Strategy of sea-rail combined transport greatly save logistics costs and promote economy of port. High efficiency integrated sea-rail transport depend on safety operation of railway. So, high-speed railway safety plays a prominent role for booming of future transport development. Since high-speed railways on moving is characterized by complexity, prediction technique about traffic safety in existence is impossible to predict reliably safety of high-speed rail. This paper puts forward a new forecasting method about high-speed train's safe operation based on analyzing the main factors of influencing high-speed railway's safe operation. The fuzzy logic model of forecast to high-speed railway's safe operation is established in this method which is based on building object set, factor set and judgment set. In addition, fuzzy assessment function is applied to judge safety of high-speed railway in real time and assessment indicators is offered. Coastal Economy and Development could be accelerated when fuzzy assessment function was introduced into coastal high-speed railway construction. Experimental results show that this method can effectively forecast safety of high-speed train on moving and provides an effective guarantee for it

Chen, W.; Yang, Z., and Pan, W., 2015. Port strategic alliance partner selection using grey target model based on error propagation and vertical projection distance.

The port strategic alliance partner selection is a decision problem, this article introduces an approach to partner selection with grey target model. Currently, researches concerning with interval number grey target multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) still have low precision of attribute weight interval, unscientific determination of expert weight and unreasonable optimality sorting of decision targets. Focusing on above problems, a grey target MAGDM analysis method based on error propagation and vertical projection distance is proposed. In this method, we determine the attribute weight interval by using the error propagation model proceeding from the error angle of view of the interval number attribute value. Subsequently, we collect the decision making information provided by all group decision makers according to the off-target deviation degree theory. Moreover, we establish an optimization model of decision maker weight at the purposes of minimizing the vertical projection distance, and simultaneously provide the optimality sorting by calculating the vertical projection distance between each scheme and the ideal scheme. Finally an example of selecting port strategic alliance partner is used to verify the feasibility and validity of the method.

Xing, J.; Ni, H.; Li, X., and Fu, X., 2015. Effects of different pre-treatments on the seed germination of carex lasiocarpa.

Constructed wetland is one of the main ways to improve the water quality. Vegetation is the important group of the ecological system for improving the water quality in Constructed wetland. And the vegetation are obtained generally from seeds. Carex lasiocarpa is a widely distributed species of wetland plants, and it is a dominant species in the SanJiang wetlands. However, its seed is difficult to germinate - this study was conducted to determine effective methods for enhancing germination. The germination percentage, germination initiation time and germination period of C. lasiocarpa seeds were significantly improved by soaking seeds in various concentrations of potassium nitrate or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The maximum germination percentage (70%)(V/V) was obtained by pre-treatment of seed by immersing in 10% NaOH for 60 min, followed by 30/20°C (this is the temperature suitable for germination). Higher germination rate contributes to the wetland plants for breeding, it is significance to realize the function of Constructed wetland.

Yan, S.; Jia, Z.; Liu, W., and Zhang, X., 2015. Case history: Large diameter and supper long pile-running under self-weight in Liwan Oil Field.

The pile-running frequently occurs because of the great weights of both the pile and the hammer. Thepile-running mechanism is super long and large-diameter piles are commonly used for constructing ocean platform foundations. Pile-running discussed in the current study through case analyses. A predicting procedure is developed based on the limit equilibrium of pile weight and soil resistance. Reduction factors for soil strength used to calculate the skin friction are also suggested in the current study. The Berezantsev approach is recommended for calculating the end bearing resistance to the running pile, which can improve the precision of the estimation compared with that of commonly used methods. The suggested method is used to predict the pile-running case in a practical project, and the calculated results are consistent with the driving records.

Zhao, K.; Wang, H., and Guo, T., 2015. Small time-scale network traffic prediction on the basis of Quantum Neural Network.

This paper proposed a quantum neural network model consist of quantum bit, universal quantum gates and quantum weighted, gave the learning algorithm based on improved PRP conjugate gradient, in order to improve the convergence speed of the network and the network performance, and further proved the global convergence of the algorithm in theory. Compared with the existing localized support vector machine (SVM) regression and flexible neural tree model, the QNN model proposed in this paper have a higher prediction precision and low computational complexity for small scale tidal water level prediction, its convergence speed and robustness are better than BP network and quantum weighted neural network.