BioOne.org will be down briefly for maintenance on 17 December 2024 between 18:00-22:00 Pacific Time US. We apologize for any inconvenience.
How to translate text using browser tools
31 July 2020 Larval Anatomy of Andean Toads of the Rhinella spinulosa Group (Anura: Bufonidae)
Florencia Vera Candioti, Jimena Grosso, Martín O. Pereyra, M. Belén Haad, Julián Lescano, Karen Siu-Ting, César Aguilar, Diego Baldo
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

The Rhinella spinulosa group is a clade of toads that inhabit the Andes mountains from northern Ecuador to Patagonia. Its taxonomy was recently revised, and in its new arrangement comprises nine species, including Rhinella gallardoi, traditionally placed in a different intrageneric group. In this work we studied the larval external and internal morphology in this group, by describing for the first time tadpoles of R. achalensis, R. gallardoi, and R. vellardi, and then summarizing morphological data for R. altiperuviana, R. limensis, R. papillosa, R. spinulosa, and R. trifolium. Although we found no diagnostic larval features for the whole clade, two distinct morphs were identified. Most tadpoles were highly pigmented and slender, and their oral discs showed a long gap in the second labial tooth row; conversely, tadpoles of R. limensis and R. vellardi shared a globose body and a very short gap. Buccal and musculoskeletal features were highly conserved within the group and regarding other Rhinella, and included four lingual papillae, nonkeratinized spurs, tripartite suprarostral cartilages, quadrato-orbital commissure, and in musculature, m. subarcualis rectus II–IV invading the branchial septum III and laryngeal muscles reduced or absent.

Florencia Vera Candioti, Jimena Grosso, Martín O. Pereyra, M. Belén Haad, Julián Lescano, Karen Siu-Ting, César Aguilar, and Diego Baldo "Larval Anatomy of Andean Toads of the Rhinella spinulosa Group (Anura: Bufonidae)," Herpetological Monographs 34(1), 116-130, (31 July 2020). https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-20-00001_hmon-34-01-05_11
Accepted: 28 April 2020; Published: 31 July 2020
KEYWORDS
Buccal cavity
Chondrocranium
musculature
tadpoles
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
Get copyright permission
Back to Top