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15 October 2024 A Review of the Diet of the Variegated Squirrel, Echinosciurus variegatoides, with the Addition of a New Plant Species
José Manuel Mora, Lucía I. López
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Abstract

In Costa Rica, five species of squirrels are present, with the Variegated Squirrel, Echinosciurus variegatoides, being the largest and most common. This species primarily feeds on nuts, seeds, fruits, and other plant material, occasionally supplementing its diet with fungi, insects, and birds or their eggs. We observed the Variegated Squirrel consuming seeds from Aristolochia ringens fruits. This represents the first report of a species from the Aristolochiaceae family in the diet of the Variegated Squirrel. This discovery is significant due to the toxic compounds present in Aristolochia species, though many of these plants are used medicinally across various cultures. We reviewed the literature on the diet of the Variegated Squirrel and compiled a list of 54 plant species across 31 families. Some of these species are cultivated or have economic importance, which has led to the Variegated Squirrel being considered a pest in certain areas. The population of this squirrel has been significantly reduced in several regions where it was once abundant. Developing management strategies is crucial to protect this species from overhunting, while also safeguarding economically valuable crops from its impact.

En Costa Rica, hay cinco especies de ardillas, incluida la ardilla variegada, Echinosciurus variegatoides, la más grande y común. Esta especie se alimenta principalmente de nueces, semillas, frutos y otras partes de las plantas, complementando ocasionalmente su dieta con hongos, insectos y aves o sus huevos. Observamos a la ardilla variegada consumiendo semillas de los frutos de Aristolochia ringens. Este es el primer reporte de una especie de la familia Aristolochiaceae en la dieta de la ardilla variegada. Este hallazgo es significativo debido a los compuestos tóxicos presentes en las especies de Aristolochia, aunque muchas de estas plantas son utilizadas medicinalmente en diversas culturas. Revisamos la literatura sobre la dieta de la ardilla variegada y compilamos una lista de 54 especies de plantas pertenecientes a 31 familias. Algunas de estas especies son cultivadas o tienen importancia económica, lo que ha llevado a que la ardilla variegada sea considerada una plaga en ciertas áreas. La población de esta ardilla ha disminui-do significativamente en varias regiones donde antes era abundante. Es crucial desarrollar estrategias de manejo para proteger a esta especie de la sobrecacería, al mismo tiempo que se salvaguardan los cultivos de valor económico de su impacto.

José Manuel Mora and Lucía I. López "A Review of the Diet of the Variegated Squirrel, Echinosciurus variegatoides, with the Addition of a New Plant Species," Caribbean Journal of Science 54(2), 329-337, (15 October 2024). https://doi.org/10.18475/cjos.v54i2.a13
Published: 15 October 2024
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