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25 January 2013 Vaccination of Turkeys with Clostridium septicum Bacterin-Toxoid: Evaluation of Protection Against Clostridial Dermatitis
Anil J. Thachil, Brian McComb, Michelle Kromm, Kakambi V. Nagaraja
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Clostridial dermatitis is an acute disease causing high mortality in turkeys. Both Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens have been isolated from these cases; however, reports from several diagnostic laboratories indicate an increased isolation rate of C. septicum compared with C. perfringens from cases of clostridial dermatitis in recent years. Previous studies suggested C. septicum was more potent than C. perfringens in causing clostridial dermatitis in turkeys. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the use of a C. septicum bacterin-toxoid to control clostridial dermatitis in turkeys. A C. septicum bacterin-toxoid was prepared and was initially tested in 6-wk-old commercial turkeys under laboratory conditions for its safety and efficacy. Subsequently, the bacterin-toxoid was evaluated for use in commercial turkey farms with a consistent history of clostridial dermatitis. Birds in the field were vaccinated subcutaneously once at 6 wk of age with C. septicum bacterin-toxoid, and then mortality in both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups was recorded and compared. Blood samples from birds in both groups were examined using ELISA to detect antibody response to the C. septicum toxoid. The C. septicum bacterin-toxoid was found to be safe and to elicit antibodies against the toxoid. In vaccinated commercial turkeys, control of clostridial dermatitis was achieved via antibiotic use and clostridial dermatitis mortality was significantly reduced compared with that of birds in the unvaccinated group. The C. septicum bacterin-toxoid seems to be a valuable tool for the turkey industry to reduce losses due to clostridial dermatitis.

Vacunación de pavos con una bacterina-toxoide de Clostridium septicum: Evaluación de la protección contra la dermatitis clostridial.

La dermatitis clostridial es una enfermedad aguda que causa una alta mortalidad en pavos. Tanto Clostridium septicum como Clostridium perfringens se han aislado de estos casos. Sin embargo en los últimos años, informes de varios laboratorios de diagnóstico indican un aumento de la tasa de aislamiento de C. septicum en comparación con C. perfringens a partir de casos de dermatitis clostridial. Los estudios previos han sugerido que C. septicum era más potente que C. perfringens para causar dermatitis clostridial en pavos. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar y evaluar el uso de una bacterina-toxoide de C septicum para controlar la dermatitis clostridial en los pavos. La bacterina-toxoide contra C. septicum se preparó y fue probada inicialmente en pavos comerciales de seis semanas de edad, bajo condiciones de laboratorio, para determinar su seguridad y eficacia. Posteriormente, la bacterina-toxoide se evaluó para su uso en granjas de pavos comerciales con un historial de dermatitis clostridial constante. Las aves en el campo fueron vacunadas por vía subcutánea una vez a las seis semanas de edad con la bacterina-toxoide de C. septicum bacterina y se registró y comparó la mortalidad en los grupos vacunados y no vacunados. Las muestras de sangre de aves en ambos grupos se examinaron usando una prueba de ELISA para detectar la respuesta de anticuerpos contra el toxoide de C. septicum. Se determinó que la bacterina-toxoide de C. septicum era segura y que inducía anticuerpos contra el toxoide. En pavos comerciales vacunados, el control de la dermatitis clostridial se logró mediante el uso de antibióticos y se redujo significativamente la mortalidad por dermatitis clostridial en comparación con las aves del grupo no vacunado. La bacterina-toxoide contra C. septicum parece ser una herramienta valiosa para la industria de los pavos para reducir las pérdidas debidas a la dermatitis clostridial.

American Association of Avian Pathologists
Anil J. Thachil, Brian McComb, Michelle Kromm, and Kakambi V. Nagaraja "Vaccination of Turkeys with Clostridium septicum Bacterin-Toxoid: Evaluation of Protection Against Clostridial Dermatitis," Avian Diseases 57(2), 214-219, (25 January 2013). https://doi.org/10.1637/10421-101512-Reg.1
Received: 15 October 2012; Accepted: 1 January 2013; Published: 25 January 2013
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