Molecular evidence supports the transfer of Conoscyphus Mitt. from Lophocoleaceae to Acrobolbaceae, which is unexpected on the basis of morphological evidence and further disrupts the morphological circumscription of Acrobolbaceae. Conoscyphus differs from other Acrobolbaceae in possessing a stem perigynium and a conspicuous perianth that forms a tube, large underleaves that produce rhizoids in a fascicle from the underleaf disc, and shoots that grow inverted when hanging free from the substrate. However, Conoscyphus shares with other Acrobolbaceae granular brown oil bodies, a multistratose capsule, absence of terminal branching and papillose leaf cell-surface ornamentation. To reflect the morphological differences, particularly in post-fertilisation reproductive structures, between Conoscyphus and other members of the family, we retain subfamily Conoscyphoideae and transfer it to Acrobolbaceae.