The taxonomic placement of species within the genus Pseudhapalopus Strand, 1907 is addressed and revised in a modern context alongside other similar taxa. The genotype Pseudhapalopus aculeatus Strand, 1907 is proposed as a species inquirenda. Cymbiapophysagen. nov. is established to house Cymbiapophysa velox (Pocock, 1903) comb. nov. and Cymbiapophysa yimanasp. nov., based on palpal bulb, tibial apophyses, palpal tibial, and spermathecal morphology. Spinosatibiapalpusgen. nov. is established to house Spinosatibiapalpus spinulopalpusSchmidt & Weinmann, 1997comb. nov., Spinosatibiapalpus tansleyisp. nov. and Spinosatibiapalpus trinitatiscomb. nov. based on palpal bulb, tibial apophyses, palpal tibial, and spermathecal morphology. Pseudhapalopus trinitatis pauciaculeis (Strand, 1916) is proposed as a junior synonym of Spinosatibiapalpus trinitatissyn. nov. based on indistinguishable palpal bulb, tibial apophysis, and palpal tibial morphology. Bumba pulcherrimaklaasi (Schmidt, 1991) is proposed as a nomen dubium due to the condition of the holotype and an inadequate original description. The monotypic species Miaschistopus tetricus (Simon, 1889) is redescribed with an emended generic diagnosis. New aspects of palpal bulb morphology are considered with introduction of novel terminology.

The buthid scorpion Janalychas tricarinatusSimon, 1884 is a species distributed in most parts of the Indian peninsula. I assessed morphological and molecular data for representatives of this species from peninsular India, which hints at the presence of multiple species within the broadly distributed J. tricarinatus sensu lato. Conjugation of morphological and molecular data allow me to describe two new species of the genus Janalychas that were, until now, considered conspecific with J. tricarinatus. Re-examination of the type specimens of Lychas aareyensisMirza & Sanap, 2010 revealed the lack of a tibial spur, a character of the genus Reddyanus Vachon, 1972 and not LychasKoch, 1845 or JanalychasKovařík, 2019, which leads me to transfer the species to the genus Reddyanus (Reddyanus aareyensis (Mirza & Sanap, 2010) comb. nov. as db is situated between et and est on the pedipalp manus. Discovery of two new species highlights the need for employing integrated taxonomic approaches to define and delimit species.

Embrik Strand described a large number of spiders from the Afrotropical Region. We examined the type specimens of two poorly known species from the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, which have never been redescribed or illustrated. Clubiona ruandana Strand, 1916 (Clubionidae) is misplaced and its transfer to CheiracanthiumWagner, 1887 (Cheiracanthiidae) is proposed, based on a redescription of the female holotype, making it the sixth Cheiracanthium species recorded from Rwanda. The female holotype of Corinna nossibeensisStrand, 1907 (Corinnidae) is imaged and the species is synonymized with Oedignatha scrobiculataThorell, 1881 (Liocranidae), representing the first record of this genus and species from Madagascar.

A new species of the jumping spiders, Dendryphantes alanicusn. sp. (♂), from the northern Caucasus (Russia) is diagnosed, illustrated and described. A brief discussion of the state of knowledge of the genus Dendryphantes C. L. Koch, 1837 and other dendryphantine genera in the Old World is provided.

Eric Duffey's spider collection in the Manchester Museum, accumulated over more than 40 years, contains more than 300 samples from a diverse range of biotopes in most southern European countries. Most of this material was previously unsorted. It has now been sorted and identified to species level. It contains more than 2500 specimens of more than 500 species in 240 genera and 42 families. The collection details of all of these samples are listed here, and a number of selected specimens are illustrated.

New records of the small, enigmatic harvestman Dicranopalpus brevipes are presented, the male is redescribed and the female is described for the first time. The species originates from Sicily, while the novel findings are from Sardinia, where it may have been introduced by man. Paedomorphic modifications such as reduced sexual dimorphism in colouration and pedipalpal morphology, regression of genital structures and shortening of the legs, appear to result from its ground-dwelling habits induced by xeric climatic conditions. Avoiding the dry and hot season, D. brevipes matures in autumn and winter and has completed its lifecycle in April. Additional information on phenology, ecology, distribution and systematic position is given.

Agelenini occurring in Iran and Tajikistan are reviewed. As a result, four new genera are established: Persiscapegen. n., to include P. caspicasp. n. (♂♀, Mazandaran, northern Iran), P. ecbatanasp. n. (♂♀, Hamedan, western Iran), P. nassirkhaniisp. n. (♂, Lorestan, southwestern Iran), P. zagrosensissp. n. (♂, Ilam, western Iran), P. caucasica (Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005) comb. n. (♀, Greece, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan), P. gideoni (Levy, 1996) comb. n. (♂♀, Turkey to Israel, Iran), and P. levyi (Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005) comb. n. (♂♀, Azerbaijan) (all three comb. n. ex. Agelescape). Extreme morphological variation occurs in the copulatory organs of females of this genus leading us to synonymize Agelescape duniniGuseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005syn. n. (♂♀, Azerbaijan) with P. gideoni and A. talyshicaGuseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005syn. n. (♀, Azerbaijan) with P. levyi, recorded in Iran for the first time. AgelescapeLevy, 1996 is redefined to include only two species: A. livida (Simon, 1875) and A. affinis (Kulczyński, 1911); Gorbiscapegen. n., to include G. gorbachevisp. n. (♂♀, Dushanbe, Khatlon, western Tajikistan) and G. agelenoides (Walckenaer, 1841) comb. n. (♂♀, Western Mediterranean, ex. Agelena); Asiascapegen. n., to include A. parthicasp. n. (♂♀, Golestan, North Khorasan, northeastern Iran); Persilenagen. n., to include P. sengletisp. n. (♀, Ilam, western Iran). In addition, Agelena tadzhikaAndreeva, 1976 (♂♀, Tajikistan and northern Ciscaspian region) is transferred to BenoitiaLehtinen, 1967 (= Benoitia tadzhika (Andreeva, 1976) comb. n.).

Three new species of the genus PsalmopoeusPocock, 1895 are described from Central America: P. copanensissp. nov. from Honduras, P. sandersonisp. nov. from Belize, and P. petenensissp. nov. from Guatemala. The taxonomic placement of other species within the Reduncus Group is addressed: P. intermediusChamberlin, 1940 is redescribed and its type locality discussed, P. reduncus (Karsch, 1880) is redescribed from a lectotype and paralectotype designated herein, P. mayaWitt, 1996 is considered a species inquirenda based on the type series being absent from its stated repository, and additional morphological data for P. victoriMendoza, 2014 is detailed to complement the original description. Furthermore, a morphometric methodology for evaluation of female spermathecae is presented and its use in species delineation discussed.

Little is known about the reproductive behaviour of solifuges, or camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae). Behavioural research is limited, due in part to challenges of maintaining specimens in the laboratory where they can be best observed. The present study documents the courtship and mating behaviours of a North American solifuge, Eremobates pallipes (Say, 1823) through staged mating encounters in an arena within a laboratory setting. Trials were filmed and analysed to establish sequence and timing of behaviours. We were able to document consistent and predictable aspects of the mating behaviours in this species. The consistent use by males of the suctorial organs during mating was documented for the first time in Eremobatidae.