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16 March 2020 Intergenic Spacer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Genotyping Amylostereum areolatum (Russulales: Amylostereacea) Symbionts of Native and Non-native Sirex Species
Rabiu O. Olatinwo, Timothy D. Schowalter, Daniel Doucet, Susan Bowman, Wood C. Johnson, Jeremy D. Allison
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Abstract

In North America Amylostereum areolatum (Chaillet ex Fr.) Boidin is a fungal symbiont associated with both the non-native Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and less commonly the native Sirex nigricornis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) woodwasps. The relationship between S. noctilio and A. areolatum constitutes a serious threat to pine plantation in the southern hemisphere. Studies have shown evidence of exchange of symbionts between non-native and native Sirex species. Our objectives were 1) to identify and assemble a panel of rDNA intergenic spacer–single nucleotide polymorphisms (IGS-SNPs) for genotyping strains of A. areolatum symbionts associated with Sirex species in North America, and 2) to develop genetic markers for monitoring the spread of specific A. areolatum haplotypes associated with S. noctilio across regions. The IGS-SNPs panel analyzed included haplotypes B1, B2, D1, D2 (from known IGS type B and D), E, and F. Genetic markers and haplotype-specific primers were designed to detect the IGS haplotypes D and E of A. areolatum. We found that haplotype D was absent in A. areolatum from S. nigricornis in Louisiana, while haplotype E was detected in all A. areolatum from S. nigricornis in Canada and Louisiana. Both haplotype D and E were co-detected in approximately 5% of samples from Canada. The IGS-SNP markers detected specific haplotypes accurately. Observing haplotype D in any A. areolatum from the native S. nigricornis likely indicates the presence of the potentially harmful S. noctilo-A. areolatum complex. The work highlights how IGS-SNPs can help in early detection without direct occurrence/observations of the non-native species of concern.

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America 2020. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
Rabiu O. Olatinwo, Timothy D. Schowalter, Daniel Doucet, Susan Bowman, Wood C. Johnson, and Jeremy D. Allison "Intergenic Spacer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Genotyping Amylostereum areolatum (Russulales: Amylostereacea) Symbionts of Native and Non-native Sirex Species," Annals of the Entomological Society of America 113(4), 280-287, (16 March 2020). https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saz058
Received: 5 April 2019; Accepted: 16 October 2019; Published: 16 March 2020
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KEYWORDS
Amylostereum areolatum
haplotype
marker
Pinus
Sirex woodwasps
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