Climate warming in the coming decades may affect diapause in insect species which use it to survive unfavorable winter conditions. Plebeia droryana (Friese) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) is a highly eusocial bee species that exhibits reproductive diapause and inhabits southern South America where winter temperatures may fall below 10°C, or even below 0°C in extreme years. In this paper, we evaluate whether P. droryana might terminate diapause during winter under laboratory conditions. We initially kept colonies of P. droryana at 8°C in a biochemical oxygen demand chamber, and then raised the temperature by 2°C every 3 d until the cessation of diapause was detected, as indicated by the onset of brood cell building and subsequent egg-laying by queens. We found that the termination of diapause in P. droryana could be achieved at temperatures between 16°C and 22°C, resulting in typical postdiapause brood cell building and egg-laying rates. Our binomial generalized linear mixed model indicated that only temperature, but no time or temperature–time interaction, explained the probability of termination of diapause in P. droryana. Again, only temperature, but no time or temperature–time interaction, significantly affected amount of brood cell built postdiapause in this species. These data suggest that the levels of predicted climate warming in the geographic range of P. droryana over the coming decades will probably result in these populations abandoning diapause behavior. These results have important implications regarding the ecological service of crop and wild plant pollination provided by this species.