Grant V. Hilderbrand,^1,* David D. Gustine,² Kyle Joly,³ Buck Mangipane,⁴ William Leacock,⁵ Matthew D. Cameron,³ Mathew S. Sorum,³ Lindsey S. Mangipane,⁶ Joy A. Erlenbach<sup>7

1</sup>1U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508 USA
²2National Park Service, Grand Teton National Park, P.O. Box 170, Moose WY, 83012 USA
³3National Park Service, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, 4175 Geist Road, Fairbanks,
⁴4National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK, 99653 USA
⁵5U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, 1390 Buskin River Road, Kodiak, AK
⁶6Carnivore Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mi
⁷7School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 USA

^*email: ghilderbrand@usgs.gov